2 cách PARAPHRASE TRONG TASK 1 , IELTS WRITING!
Ai cũng biết Task 1 của IELTS Writing chiếm ít điểm hơn Task 2 trong cả phần Writing, vì vậy nên thời gian dành cho nó cũng ít hơn. Thông thường bạn chỉ nên dành 20 phút tổng cộng cho Task 1, bao gồm việc viết bài và đọc lại để sửa lỗi ngữ pháp, đánh vần lỗi chính tả,… nếu có nữa.
Vì vậy, việc viết Introduction cho Task 1 nên được tối giản để mất càng ít thời gian càng tốt. Câu mở đầu sẽ là câu paraphrase lại đề bài. Paraphrase có nhiều kĩ thuật khác nhau. Trong bài viết này, mình sẽ giới thiệu 2 cách thông dụng nhất để paraphrase.
1. Biến đổi từ loại của keyword
Ví dụ 1: The graph below shows the contribution of three sectors – agriculture, manufacturing, and business and financial services to the UK economy in the twentieth century.
Contribution (N) → Contribute to (V)
The bar chart illustrates how three areas namely Industry, Agriculture and business and financial services contributed to the economy of the UK from 1900 to 2000.
Ví dụ 2: The chart shows the participation by young people in sports by gender in Great Britain in 1999.
Participation (N) → Participate (V)
The bar chart demonstrates how young people in Britain participated in sports in terms of gender in 1999.
Ví dụ 3: The two pie charts below show changes in world population by region between 1900 and 2000.
Changes (N) → Change (V)
The two pie charts indicate how the world population changed in terms of region from 1900 to 2000.
Một số tips:
– Khi viết introduction, chuyển từ “This/These graph(s)” sang “The graph(s)”
– Loại bỏ từ “below” vì bạn sẽ không vẽ lại biểu đồ trong bài report của mình
– Sử dụng động từ thay thế: show = illustrate = demonstrate = indicate = give information on…
– Ngoài việc thay các diễn đạt thời gian/ từ đồng nghĩa cho danh từ trong bài, các bạn có thể tìm xem trong câu có keyword là danh từ rồi chuyển sang dạng động từ và ngược lại, sử dụng công thức:
The graph shows (Main noun) of/in/by something/somebody…… The graph illustrates how something/somebody + (Verb) …
2. Sử dụng các cụm từ đồng nghĩa có thể thay thế cho nhau
Ví dụ 1: The bar chart below shows the employment of all workers by gender and occupation in the UK in the year 2005.
-> The bar chart illustrates the percentage of British male and female employees working in different areas in 2005.
Ví dụ 2: The bar chart below shows the percentage of people in Great Britain living alone by age and sex in 2004/2005.
-> The bar chart demonstrates the percentage of British men and women living by themselves in terms of age in the year 2004/2005.
Ví dụ 3: The graphs below show the types of music albums purchased by people in Britain according to sex and age.
-> The bar charts represent the percentage of the British buying three different kinds of music albums in terms of gender and age
.
Các cụm từ thay thế trong các ví dụ trên:
People in Britain by gender -> British males and females
Young people in Japan by sex -> Japanese young men and women
According to -> in terms of
Types -> kinds
Living by themselves -> living alone.
Có một tip nhỏ là với các đề bài task 1 có các nhân tố như gender/sex; Place (eg: Britain, the USA, …) các bạn có thể paraphrase bằng cách kết hợp các nhân tố này với danh từ chỉ người thành các danh từ ghép như trên các ví dụ nêu trên bên cạnh việc sử dụng các synonyms để trực tiếp thay thế các từ trong đề bài.
VD: People in Britain by gender -> British males and females
...............................
Chúc mọi người học tốt!
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