誤譯的終結?不如等世界末日來臨
——《信仰的終結》翻譯初窺
趁時事正熱打個比方:終結不了的翻譯問題,跟宗教為人世帶來的種種災禍一樣,不可能完全根除。
彷彿語言的誤解和誤譯本身,已趕在被台灣宗教財團收攏的不肖政客通過「宗教基本法」之前,悄悄成立了宗教——The Universal Church of Miscomprehension and Mistranslation——以防人心發展出理性思考去加以干涉、甚至「迫害」。
酸話說完了。有機會,還是儘量把語言可經由理性解讀的真相呈現出來。
以下以【……】標出知名無神論者Sam Harris精彩可期的
著作The End of Faith的部分翻譯問題。
統計資料供參:
中譯是博客來上可讀到的4小頁內容,對應原文約1700字,大約每67原文字出現一個我認爲需要改正的理解與翻譯問題。原文書估計11萬6千字,在如此微小的樣本下,粗估整部中譯會有超過1700個這種語言問題。
除了以這種貌似較爲客觀、科學的計數法來判斷翻譯是否合格、過關以外,其實我認爲另一種較人性、直觀、「不科學」的方式:從「會犯哪種錯」、「該不該犯那種錯」這種「微小」地方,來得到對某譯者的整體觀感,至少是同等重要的,有時候這種「見微知著」法所揭露的事更多、更大、更不堪。
暫不一一討論問題的細節、甚至替出版社和譯者提供新的翻譯了,太費時。有興趣的人可以自行研究。問題當中肯定有的很明顯,有的較隱晦。如果你不認爲某一點有什麼問題值得大驚小怪,歡迎指出討論。也許這不失爲一種更積極的理解英語、斟酌中文、激盪思考的方法。我希望把時間花在刀口上。
====================================
書名:The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason
信仰的終結:宗教、恐怖行動及理性的未來
作者: Sam Harris
譯者: 孔繁鐘
出版社:八旗文化
出版日期:2015/12/30
作者簡介 山姆.哈里斯(Sam Harris)
美國著名作家、哲學家、神經科學家。著有《紐約時報》暢銷書《信仰的終結》(The End of Faith,美國筆會2005年非小說類得獎著作)、《給基督教國度的一封信》(Letter to a Christian Nation),以及《道德風景》(The Moral Landscape)。他的作品以超過十五種語言出版。文章曾刊於《新聞周刊》、《紐約時報》、《洛杉磯時報》、《泰晤士報》(倫敦)、《波士頓環球報》、《大西洋月刊》、《神經學年鑑》、《外交政策》及其他許多刊物。為理智工程(Project Reason)的共同創始人與董事長,該非營利組織致力於傳播科學知識和社會中世俗價值。
史丹佛大學哲學學士。他研究東方及西方的宗教傳統以及各種靈性教派已二十年。2009年取得神經科學博士學位,研究主題為相信、不相信、及不確定的神經學基礎。請造訪他的網頁 www . smaharris . org.
譯者簡介 孔繁鐘
衛生署玉里醫院精神科主治醫師,台大化工所畢業後考上台大醫學院學士後醫學系。為孔子第七十四代後裔,因花東地區醫療資源較缺乏,與弟弟孔繁錦長期投入當地的精神醫療,照顧病情嚴重的精神病患,並翻譯多本國內精神醫學與心理學教科書。身為精神科醫師,他相信精神醫學得本執在於人性的幫助關係,而非統計分類;因此不把自己視為一個開藥者,也定義自己為為一個充滿同理心的助人者。
================================
翻譯問題列表(依內容順序):
The young man takes his seat beside a middle-aged couple. He will wait for the bus to reach its next stop. The couple at his side 【appears to be shopping for a new refrigerator】. The woman has decided on a model, but her husband worries that it will be too expensive. He indicates another one in a brochure that lies open on her lap.
年輕男子靠著一對中年夫婦坐下。他耐心等著公車到下一站。這對夫婦【似乎正要去買新冰箱】。妻子膝蓋上攤著一份冰箱型錄,她已經選定了要買的機型,但是丈夫嫌太貴,指著另一種機型絮絮說著。
The next stop comes into view. 【The bus doors swing】.
下一站已近在眼前。【公車搖晃著】。
The nails, ball bearings, and rat poison 【ensure further casualties on the street and in the surrounding cars.】
釘子、小鋼球和毒老鼠藥【發揮了最大的殺傷力,也造成街道上和四周車輛中其他人員大量】傷亡。
These are 【the facts】. This is all we know for certain about the young man.
這些都是【真人實事】。關於這位年輕男子我們確實知道的所有實情都在這裡了。
A BELIEF is a lever that, once pulled, moves almost everything else in a person’s life. Are you a scientist? A liberal? A racist? These are merely species of 【belief in action】.
信仰是一種控制桿,一旦拉動就能操縱人們生活中幾乎所有層面的每件事。你是個科學家嗎?自由主義者?種族主義者?這些不過是【依據信仰促發的行動】而做的分類罷了。
It seems that if our species ever eradicates itself through war, it will not be because 【it was written in the stars】 but because it was written in our books; 【it is what we do with words like “God” and “paradise” and “sin” in the present】 that will determine our future.
看來若人類終將經由戰爭而自我滅絕,也絕不是因為這些想法【被寫在星空中】,而是因為它被寫在某些書籍裡;【正是我們現在所看到使用「上帝」、「天堂」與「罪惡」這些字眼的那些書籍】,決定了人類的未來。
【People tend to organize themselves into factions according to which of these incompatible claims they accept】—rather than on the basis of language, skin color, location of birth, or any other criterion of tribalism.
這些書籍的主張互不相容,而【人們傾向於把接受相同主張的人歸於同一宗派】,而非依據語言、膚色、出生地、或任何其他區分部落意識的標準。
All are 【in perverse agreement】 on one point of fundamental importance, however: “respect” for other faiths, or for the views of unbelievers, is not an attitude that God endorses.
所有這些書籍都【極力堅持】一項重要基本論點:上帝絕不贊同「尊重其他信仰或不相信者的觀點」這種態度。
【While all faiths have been touched, here and there, by the spirit of ecumenicalism,】 the central tenet of every religious tradition is that all others are mere repositories of error or, at best, dangerously incomplete. Intolerance is thus intrinsic to 【every creed】. Once a person believes—really believes—that certain ideas can lead to eternal happiness, or to its antithesis, he cannot tolerate the possibility that the people he loves might be led astray by the blandishments of unbelievers. Certainty about the next life is 【simply incompatible with tolerance in this one.】
【各處各地所有的信仰都浸潤著「真神唯一」的精神】,每個宗教的傳統核心教義都是:所有其他宗教的組成都是錯誤,若非全錯,至少也是不完全且危險的。不包容正是【所有教條】的本質。某個人一旦真心相信了某種想法能導致永恆幸福或永遠不幸,他必將無法容忍他所愛的人可能會被不相信者的花言巧語所誤導。他對來世的確信,也讓他【無法對此再多包容】。
Observations of this sort pose 【an immediate problem for us, however, because】 criticizing a person’s faith is currently taboo in every corner of our culture.
但這類觀察立即帶給我們【一個問題:因為】在我們當前文化的每個角落,批評他人的信仰都屬禁忌。
But technology has 【a way of creating】 fresh moral 【imperatives】. Our technical advances in the art of war have finally rendered our religious differences—and 【hence our religious beliefs】—antithetical to our survival. We can no longer ignore the fact that billions of our neighbors believe in the metaphysics of martyrdom, or in the literal truth of 【the book of Revelation】,
可是科技【創造了】全新的道德【指令】。人類在戰爭藝術方面的技術如此精進,終於讓我們的宗教差異以及【伴隨的宗教信仰差異】危害到人類的生存。我們再也不能忽視這項事實:我們的鄰居中成億上萬的人都相信殉教的形而上學,或相信【他們聖書】表面字義所揭示的真理,
Consider the case of alchemy: it fascinated human beings for over a thousand years, and yet anyone who seriously claims to be a practicing alchemist today will have disqualified himself for most positions of responsibility in our society. Faith-based religion 【must】 suffer the same slide into obsolescence.
以煉金術為例:它曾蠱惑人類一千多年,但在當今社會,任何人若鄭重自稱是一位煉金術士,將被認為不夠資格擔任絕大多數重要職務。同樣地,以信念為基礎的宗教【必將】落入歷史廢墟之中。
What is the alternative to 【religion as we know it】? As it turns out, this is the wrong question to ask. Chemistry was not an “alternative” to alchemy; it was a wholesale exchange of 【ignorance at its most rococo】 for genuine knowledge.
那麼【就我們所知,宗教】的替代品是什麼?其實這是個錯誤的提問。化學並不是煉金術的「替代品」;它是【以極其精巧華麗的方式,把無知】整批置換成為真正的知識。
OF COURSE, people of faith 【fall】 on a continuum:
當然,秉持信仰的人們【可以分布】在一個連續帶上:
they imagine that the path to peace will be paved once each of us has learned to respect the 【unjustified】 beliefs of others.
他們想像,一旦每個人都學會尊重其他人【無法證實】的信仰,和平之路就能順利展開。
Many religious moderates have taken the 【apparent high road】 of pluralism, asserting the equal validity of all faiths,
許多宗教溫和派已經奉行了多元主義的【大道】,確信所有不同的信仰都同等有效,
As long as a Christian believes that only his baptized brethren will be saved on the Day of Judgment, he cannot possibly “respect” the beliefs of others, for he knows that the flames of hell have been stoked by 【these very ideas】 and await their adherents even now.
只要基督徒相信在最後審判日唯有自家受洗的弟兄們才能得到救贖,他就不可能「尊重」其他信仰,因為他知道地獄的火已被【他們那樣的想法】所激發,正等著焚燒其追隨者呢。
Muslims and Jews generally take the same arrogant view of their own enterprises and have spent millennia passionately reiterating the errors of other faiths. It should go without saying that 【these】 rival belief systems are all equally uncontaminated by evidence.
伊斯蘭教徒和猶太教徒通常也用同樣傲慢的態度只尊崇自己的信仰,並且幾千年來一直狂熱地重申其他信仰的錯誤。但無庸置疑地,這【兩種】相互對抗的信仰系統也都同樣缺乏證據。
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
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这是何君堯的自我介绍。他是否是 a humble Christian with an open mind? 我不知道。知道的是他的英文 Support for promoting religious services 簡直就不知所谓。而这位“法学博士”的中文,也同樣奇趣。請问:“心中信仰”,到底是什么一回事?認識各宗各派基督徒,從未聽过如此說法。基督徒的 belief, 從不是收藏在“心中“的。
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Karmapa on Europe's Changing Times - Exclusive interview: "Life is Change"
噶瑪巴為‘歐洲時代變遷’發言 – 獨家訪問:“生命是改變”(3 / 4)
The whole article is divided into 4 parts. They will be posted within this month. 全文共4節,在這個月之內刊登。
( PLEASE SHARE 請分享)
[Q / 問:] Pope Francis' style is changing the relation between Catholic Church and faithful in a way closest to the reality of people's lives. Do you think it's possible to adapt the traditional religious systems to the contemporary world without the risk of loss in terms of rules and doctrine?
教宗方濟各的風格改變了天主教與信徒的關係,令到宗教最能貼近人們生活現實。你覺得有沒有可能讓傳統宗教系統適應現代世界,而沒有喪失戒條和教義的危險?
[A / 答:] What I believe as a Buddhist, although Buddhism doesn't really have a belief system at all, so rather I should say what I understand, is that philosophies, religions, rituals, science, medicine, politics, economic science, agricultural science, all of these are just tools, nothing more, and at the end of the day, what we are supposed to do with these tools, or the nature of these tools, these methods, these means, is to bring awareness, to provide awareness to those who seek. All of these means are just a medium; all of these are languages. And we use these languages to make everyone aware of what is what, how things function, what is the nature of things, in the simplest of ways and the most elaborate ways, and that's about it.
作為一位佛教徒,我相信佛教並沒有一個信仰系統。那麼我寧願說:哲學、宗教、儀式、科學、醫學、經濟學、農業學,這些全部莫過於是工具。最終,我們應該利用這些工具或其性質、方法、途徑,讓在尋找的人得到覺知。這些工具全是媒介,全是語言。我們莫非用這些語言,最淺易、詳盡地,讓每人知道那是什麼、事情怎樣運作、事情的本質。
And so therefore, whoever practices being an example of awareness is an object of gratitude and respect, genuine gratitude and respect. Because what they are doing is bringing the inspiration that no matter where we come from, no matter who we are, no matter our background, no matter the language we speak, we can become aware of the meaning of this existence, the purpose of this existence, and so eventually, or in absolute, in ultimate, there is no doctrine to be lost, because there never was one.
因此,誰人值得我們效法為覺知的榜樣,我們也應該向他致謝、尊重,真正的致謝和尊重。因為他們能啟發我們,讓我們知道無論我們從哪裡來、我們是誰、我們說什麼語言,我們都能夠覺知道存在的意義、存在的目的。因此在究竟終極的層面,不會失去教義,因為它從未存在過。
All there is, and all there will ever be, is clarity, clarity meaning excellence in a way, like beauty or truth, which is not a doctrine at all but the nature of the way things are - that a person practicing compassion or loving kindness on one side of the world, and another at the opposite end of the world - both in their own ways, their own language, their own culture, no matter how different they may be, no matter how different they look - that excellence has no border. That quality, that beauty, that truth has no border at all. There is no difference - we cannot separate that excellence in any way, and therefore it is sometimes described as timeless. However, we do have lots of different tools, languages, mediums to describe that excellence. And so of course the languages or the tools or the means that we utilise will always be different of course. As life is always changing, that language will always change. For example, the English language has always changed, ever since its conception, one could say; and it will continue to change - in a hundred years time it will be very different from how we use the English language right now - very, very different.
唯有澄明存在。澄明代表卓越,像美和真。這完全不是一種教義,而是事物的本質。一個人在世界的一角修持慈悲,另外一個人在另一角同樣在修持。無論他們方法、語言、風俗、樣貌有多不同,卓越也是無邊界的。那質量、美及真是沒有邊界的。沒有分別– 無法分割卓越,因此有時候它被譽為是永恆的。但我們可以用很多不同的工具、語言、媒介來描述卓越。當然,我們一定會用各種不同的語言、工具或媒介。因為生命是無常的,語言也是無常。比如,英語從開始到現在,它已經轉變,也繼續轉變。過百年後,應用英語時會大大不同 – 非常非常不同。
So therefore, deep down there is no real need to worry that we will lose the doctrine as such, because there never was one - it was just a means, it was just a language. All there is that excellence, which is, in one way, clarity - clear, transparent.
因此,在深層裡不需要擔心失去教義,因為它從來未有存在。它只是一個工具、語言。唯有卓越,即是澄明 – 清晰、透明。
We cannot be bordered or gapped or separated by anything.
我們不能被包圍、破開或分割。
Compassion practiced by a mute individual and a very very literate one is the same. One might not be able to express it in words, but the experience and the expression is the same.
當一個啞巴跟一個語文能力很強的人同樣在修持,他們修持的慈悲是一樣的。可能沒法用言語形容,但經歷和表達是一樣。
[Q / 問:] What would you say to the Pope?
你會對教宗說什麼?
[A / 答:] I would like to express to him my deepest respect for carrying his responsibility for others' benefit.
我想對教宗作最深致敬,因為他執行利益眾生的任務。
英文原文:http://www.agi.it/…/karmapa_on_europes_changing_times_-_li…/
圖片來源:https://www.facebook.com/17th.Karmapa/
(中文翻譯由本FB翻譯小組負責。若有錯漏,請見諒。節錄或載列文章內容以原文為準。)
religious belief中文 在 Believer《信仰者》- Imagine Dragons 中文翻譯 - YouTube 的推薦與評價
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