雖說您將離開台灣,但台灣永遠不會離開您!祝福酈英傑處長鵬程萬里!
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轉載 @美國在台協會 AIT 貼文
📝酈英傑處長給台灣人民的道別信
「隨著我擔任美國在台協會處長的日子即將畫下句點,我也即將離開台灣,我想藉這個機會和大家分享,這一番歷練對我來說的意義是什麼。當我說擔任AIT處長其實是我這輩子的榮幸,也讓我得以實現長期職業生涯中的抱負與理想,這麼說一點也不為過。
我19歲時第一次離開家鄉,就是來台灣。對年輕的我來說,從那時起,台灣就成了交流與理解、探索與冒險的同義詞。台灣不僅有著讓人眼花撩亂的異鄉風情,也代表著意想不到的嶄新機會。我在這裡嘗試新奇的食物,像是水餃和臭豆腐,並且學習如何在擠滿單車和機車的大街小巷穿梭自如。一方面,我努力用我粗淺的中文,讓別人聽懂我說的話;但同時我也發現,無論走到哪裡,迎接我的都是滿滿的親切友善與熱情好客。
因此,在成為美國外交官後,能夠以台灣作為我派駐海外的第一站,真是再適合不過了。畢竟,是台灣首先點燃了我對亞洲、尤其是台灣的畢生興趣,也激發了我對跨文化理解和共享目標——也就是外交工作——的終身熱忱。此後,我也曾派駐其他地點,多數是在大中華區域,但我的台灣經歷與回憶始終常存我心。最終我能以美國駐台最高層級外交官的身分回來這裡,可說是我多年職涯的高峰。顯然,我這一生注定與台灣有著深刻的連結,或者也叫作「緣分」吧,才會讓我一次又一次不斷地回到台灣。
常有人問我,為什麼我這麼喜歡台灣。我總覺得:「答案不是很明顯嗎?」不過如果一定要我從個人與專業的角度,解釋我對台灣的喜愛與敬佩之情,我通常會提到以下幾個領域:
首先,台灣兼具活力與穩定、進步與延承、還有創新與傳統。每次回到這裡,我都對台灣社會在各個方面日新月異的進步感到驚艷不已。台灣的民主更臻成熟,經濟益加蓬勃,環境保護更受關注,藝術文化發展也生生不息。
台灣在許多最先進的科技產業上持續為全球創新樹立標竿,但與此同時,台灣的社會穩定和文化傳承依舊令人欽羨佩服。儘管生活充裕且形象良好,台灣人民卻依然謙虛樸實、平易近人。在台灣,最古老的傳統薪火相傳、歷久彌新。文化和歷史古蹟受到妥善的修復與保護;年輕人也可以學習代代相傳的書法技巧,接著再把作品秀在Instagram上。
再者,對美國來說,台灣正是共享利益與共享價值交集的典範。美台夥伴關係的重點在於確保科技發展能夠嘉惠、而非傷害我們雙方的經濟,科技突破則應被用於鞏固、而不是破壞我們的原則。美台之間自由、多元、平等及透明等共享價值,時時激勵我們努力在世界各地打造民主社會的韌性。而我們也持續尋求新的方式,為解決全球問題做出貢獻,這麼做不僅是因為能夠造福我們自己的人民,也是因為我們相信,身為21世紀敦親睦鄰的好夥伴,就是該這麼做。
最後,每當我想到台灣、以及整體美台關係,我總會想到希望、光明和成長。美台的情誼在過去40年來不斷拓展與茁壯。我相信每任處長都會同意,他們離開台灣時的美台夥伴關係,比起他們剛上任時都更上一層樓。同樣的,當我向AIT告別的那一天,我的心中將充滿肯定與成就感,因為我知道,美台夥伴關係比以往都更加深刻和強健,我也對自己能為美台關係今天亮眼的進展小有貢獻,而深感驕傲。
但是,比起這些事情,我想我更難忘的是台灣在我生命中所留下的深刻印記。我永遠會記得我在台灣度過的第一個聖誕節,還有第一個農曆新年。我永遠會記得台灣朋友的真摯與溫暖、教會同伴堅定的信仰、炎炎夏日來一碗芒果冰的沁涼、資源回收車沿街播放《給愛麗絲》的回音,還有巷弄中撲鼻而來的茉莉花香,這些都會是我畢生珍藏的美好回憶之一。我也會記得好友間的餐聚、充滿歡笑和故事的夜晚、以及一路以來我受到過的無數的善意與關懷。我更會永遠記得,是各位台灣朋友們,你們以各種不同的方式,讓我和我家人的生命更加地豐盛美好。對此,我要衷心地謝謝大家。
雖然我將離開台灣,但台灣不會離開我。」
— 美國在台協會處長 酈英傑
✅信件全文亦可至AIT官網查看:https://bit.ly/2TSkLDF
📝A Farewell Letter from AIT Director W. Brent Christensen
"As my time as AIT Director draws to a close and I prepare to leave Taiwan, I want to take this opportunity to tell you what this experience has meant to me. It is not an exaggeration to say that this has been the honor of my life and the fulfillment of a career-long aspiration.
The first time I left my hometown at age 19, it was to come to Taiwan. From that early age, Taiwan became synonymous for me with the ideas of exchange and understanding, exploration and adventure. Taiwan represented both disorienting foreignness and unexpected opportunity, as I tried new food – like shuijiaos and qiu doufu – and learned to navigate my way through streets crowded with bicycles and scooters. And struggled to make myself understood with my rudimentary Mandarin. But all the while discovering the kindness and generosity that welcomed me wherever I went.
It felt appropriate for me to serve my first tour as a U.S. diplomat in the place that first sparked in me a lifelong interest in Asia – and in Taiwan in particular – and in cross-cultural understanding and shared purpose, or in other words, diplomacy. After that, my career took me to other places, but mostly still in the China region. But the memories of my experiences in Taiwan stayed with me. And finally having the opportunity to serve as the top U.S. diplomat to Taiwan was the culmination of all the years that came before. It is clear that I have a lifelong connection to Taiwan, or “yuanfen,” that has led me to return again and again.
People often ask me why I have such a fondness for Taiwan. “Isn’t it obvious?!” I always think. But when forced to explain my affection for and professional fascination with Taiwan, I usually come back to a few themes.
First, dynamism and constancy; progress and preservation; innovation and tradition. Every time I return to Taiwan, I am immediately struck by the many ways Taiwan has advanced as a society. Taiwan’s democracy grows more mature, its economy more prosperous, its environment more cared-for, and its arts and culture more vibrant.
Taiwan’s industry continues to set the benchmark for global innovation in some of the most sophisticated technologies, but at the same time, Taiwan society is remarkable for its stability and cultural continuity. Taiwan’s people, despite their relative wealth and stature, continue to be modest and unassuming. Taiwan’s most ancient traditions are alive and well. Cultural and historic sites are restored and preserved. Young people may learn calligraphy techniques handed down for generations, but then share their work on Instagram.
Second, for the United States, Taiwan exemplifies the intersection of shared interests and shared values. Our partnership is about making sure our economies are beneficiaries rather than casualties of technological development and ensuring that technological development advances rather than undermines our principles. Our shared values of freedom, diversity, equality, and transparency inspire our efforts to build the resilience of democracies around the world. And we continue to find new ways to contribute to global problem solving, both because it benefits our own peoples and because we share the belief that this is what it means to be a good neighbor in the 21st century.
Finally, I associate Taiwan – and the broader U.S.-Taiwan relationship – with hope, promise, and growth. This friendship has expanded and flourished over the past 40 years; I believe every person who has done this job walked away knowing they left this partnership better than they found it. I will similarly leave AIT with a sense of accomplishment and success, knowing that the U.S.-Taiwan partnership is deeper and stronger than ever, and feeling immensely proud of my small role in getting us there.
But more than any of these things, I will remember the ways that Taiwan has touched me personally. I will always remember my first Christmas in Taiwan – and my first Chinese New Year. I will remember the warmth of Taiwan friendship, the faith of my fellow church members, the taste of a mango bing on a hot summer day, the echo of “Fur Elise” from the recycling truck, the fragrance of jasmine blossoms in village alleyways – these are just some of the memories I will treasure. I will remember the long dinners with dear friends, full of laughter and stories. And I will remember their many kindnesses. I will remember all the ways big and small that you, the people of Taiwan, touched my life and the lives of my family. And for that, I thank you.
I may be leaving Taiwan, but Taiwan will never leave me. "
-- AIT Director William Brent Christensen
✅Read the letter: https://bit.ly/3hUrsgw
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2萬的網紅賓狗單字Bingo Bilingual,也在其Youtube影片中提到,#記得打開CC字幕 每年 10 月,臺北都會舉辦同志遊行,目的是為了讓社會看見同志,發現同性戀跟異性戀原來不一樣,卻又都一樣。賓狗單字今天就要來翻譯及解析蔡依林的《不一樣又怎樣》,一邊告訴大家歌詞到底在說什麼,順便學幾個實用的英文單字。 🌈 「非一般的遺產」、「另一種愛情結晶」是哪裡與眾不同? ...
read better答案 在 美國在台協會 AIT Facebook 的最讚貼文
📝酈英傑處長給台灣人民的道別信
「隨著我擔任美國在台協會處長的日子即將畫下句點,我也即將離開台灣,我想藉這個機會和大家分享,這一番歷練對我來說的意義是什麼。當我說擔任AIT處長其實是我這輩子的榮幸,也讓我得以實現長期職業生涯中的抱負與理想,這麼說一點也不為過。
我19歲時第一次離開家鄉,就是來台灣。對年輕的我來說,從那時起,台灣就成了交流與理解、探索與冒險的同義詞。台灣不僅有著讓人眼花撩亂的異鄉風情,也代表著意想不到的嶄新機會。我在這裡嘗試新奇的食物,像是水餃和臭豆腐,並且學習如何在擠滿單車和機車的大街小巷穿梭自如。一方面,我努力用我粗淺的中文,讓別人聽懂我說的話;但同時我也發現,無論走到哪裡,迎接我的都是滿滿的親切友善與熱情好客。
因此,在成為美國外交官後,能夠以台灣作為我派駐海外的第一站,真是再適合不過了。畢竟,是台灣首先點燃了我對亞洲、尤其是台灣的畢生興趣,也激發了我對跨文化理解和共享目標——也就是外交工作——的終身熱忱。此後,我也曾派駐其他地點,多數是在大中華區域,但我的台灣經歷與回憶始終常存我心。最終我能以美國駐台最高層級外交官的身分回來這裡,可說是我多年職涯的高峰。顯然,我這一生注定與台灣有著深刻的連結,或者也叫作「緣分」吧,才會讓我一次又一次不斷地回到台灣。
常有人問我,為什麼我這麼喜歡台灣。我總覺得:「答案不是很明顯嗎?」不過如果一定要我從個人與專業的角度,解釋我對台灣的喜愛與敬佩之情,我通常會提到以下幾個領域:
首先,台灣兼具活力與穩定、進步與延承、還有創新與傳統。每次回到這裡,我都對台灣社會在各個方面日新月異的進步感到驚艷不已。台灣的民主更臻成熟,經濟益加蓬勃,環境保護更受關注,藝術文化發展也生生不息。
台灣在許多最先進的科技產業上持續為全球創新樹立標竿,但與此同時,台灣的社會穩定和文化傳承依舊令人欽羨佩服。儘管生活充裕且形象良好,台灣人民卻依然謙虛樸實、平易近人。在台灣,最古老的傳統薪火相傳、歷久彌新。文化和歷史古蹟受到妥善的修復與保護;年輕人也可以學習代代相傳的書法技巧,接著再把作品秀在Instagram上。
再者,對美國來說,台灣正是共享利益與共享價值交集的典範。美台夥伴關係的重點在於確保科技發展能夠嘉惠、而非傷害我們雙方的經濟,科技突破則應被用於鞏固、而不是破壞我們的原則。美台之間自由、多元、平等及透明等共享價值,時時激勵我們努力在世界各地打造民主社會的韌性。而我們也持續尋求新的方式,為解決全球問題做出貢獻,這麼做不僅是因為能夠造福我們自己的人民,也是因為我們相信,身為21世紀敦親睦鄰的好夥伴,就是該這麼做。
最後,每當我想到台灣、以及整體美台關係,我總會想到希望、光明和成長。美台的情誼在過去40年來不斷拓展與茁壯。我相信每任處長都會同意,他們離開台灣時的美台夥伴關係,比起他們剛上任時都更上一層樓。同樣的,當我向AIT告別的那一天,我的心中將充滿肯定與成就感,因為我知道,美台夥伴關係比以往都更加深刻和強健,我也對自己能為美台關係今天亮眼的進展小有貢獻,而深感驕傲。
但是,比起這些事情,我想我更難忘的是台灣在我生命中所留下的深刻印記。我永遠會記得我在台灣度過的第一個聖誕節,還有第一個農曆新年。我永遠會記得台灣朋友的真摯與溫暖、教會同伴堅定的信仰、炎炎夏日來一碗芒果冰的沁涼、資源回收車沿街播放《給愛麗絲》的回音,還有巷弄中撲鼻而來的茉莉花香,這些都會是我畢生珍藏的美好回憶之一。我也會記得好友間的餐聚、充滿歡笑和故事的夜晚、以及一路以來我受到過的無數的善意與關懷。我更會永遠記得,是各位台灣朋友們,你們以各種不同的方式,讓我和我家人的生命更加地豐盛美好。對此,我要衷心地謝謝大家。
雖然我將離開台灣,但台灣不會離開我。」
— 美國在台協會處長 酈英傑
✅信件全文亦可至AIT官網查看:https://bit.ly/2TSkLDF
📝A Farewell Letter from AIT Director W. Brent Christensen
"As my time as AIT Director draws to a close and I prepare to leave Taiwan, I want to take this opportunity to tell you what this experience has meant to me. It is not an exaggeration to say that this has been the honor of my life and the fulfillment of a career-long aspiration.
The first time I left my hometown at age 19, it was to come to Taiwan. From that early age, Taiwan became synonymous for me with the ideas of exchange and understanding, exploration and adventure. Taiwan represented both disorienting foreignness and unexpected opportunity, as I tried new food – like shuijiaos and qiu doufu – and learned to navigate my way through streets crowded with bicycles and scooters. And struggled to make myself understood with my rudimentary Mandarin. But all the while discovering the kindness and generosity that welcomed me wherever I went.
It felt appropriate for me to serve my first tour as a U.S. diplomat in the place that first sparked in me a lifelong interest in Asia – and in Taiwan in particular – and in cross-cultural understanding and shared purpose, or in other words, diplomacy. After that, my career took me to other places, but mostly still in the China region. But the memories of my experiences in Taiwan stayed with me. And finally having the opportunity to serve as the top U.S. diplomat to Taiwan was the culmination of all the years that came before. It is clear that I have a lifelong connection to Taiwan, or “yuanfen,” that has led me to return again and again.
People often ask me why I have such a fondness for Taiwan. “Isn’t it obvious?!” I always think. But when forced to explain my affection for and professional fascination with Taiwan, I usually come back to a few themes.
First, dynamism and constancy; progress and preservation; innovation and tradition. Every time I return to Taiwan, I am immediately struck by the many ways Taiwan has advanced as a society. Taiwan’s democracy grows more mature, its economy more prosperous, its environment more cared-for, and its arts and culture more vibrant.
Taiwan’s industry continues to set the benchmark for global innovation in some of the most sophisticated technologies, but at the same time, Taiwan society is remarkable for its stability and cultural continuity. Taiwan’s people, despite their relative wealth and stature, continue to be modest and unassuming. Taiwan’s most ancient traditions are alive and well. Cultural and historic sites are restored and preserved. Young people may learn calligraphy techniques handed down for generations, but then share their work on Instagram.
Second, for the United States, Taiwan exemplifies the intersection of shared interests and shared values. Our partnership is about making sure our economies are beneficiaries rather than casualties of technological development and ensuring that technological development advances rather than undermines our principles. Our shared values of freedom, diversity, equality, and transparency inspire our efforts to build the resilience of democracies around the world. And we continue to find new ways to contribute to global problem solving, both because it benefits our own peoples and because we share the belief that this is what it means to be a good neighbor in the 21st century.
Finally, I associate Taiwan – and the broader U.S.-Taiwan relationship – with hope, promise, and growth. This friendship has expanded and flourished over the past 40 years; I believe every person who has done this job walked away knowing they left this partnership better than they found it. I will similarly leave AIT with a sense of accomplishment and success, knowing that the U.S.-Taiwan partnership is deeper and stronger than ever, and feeling immensely proud of my small role in getting us there.
But more than any of these things, I will remember the ways that Taiwan has touched me personally. I will always remember my first Christmas in Taiwan – and my first Chinese New Year. I will remember the warmth of Taiwan friendship, the faith of my fellow church members, the taste of a mango bing on a hot summer day, the echo of “Fur Elise” from the recycling truck, the fragrance of jasmine blossoms in village alleyways – these are just some of the memories I will treasure. I will remember the long dinners with dear friends, full of laughter and stories. And I will remember their many kindnesses. I will remember all the ways big and small that you, the people of Taiwan, touched my life and the lives of my family. And for that, I thank you.
I may be leaving Taiwan, but Taiwan will never leave me. "
-- AIT Director William Brent Christensen
✅Read the letter: https://bit.ly/3hUrsgw
read better答案 在 賴叔閱事 Facebook 的最佳解答
恐慌嘅時候,更需要睇清楚啲。
肥人知道呢篇文真係寫得遲,本來我乜都唔想寫,依家見到個勢係全世界順水推舟圍堵中共就更加唔想寫,但係姣婆係好難守寡既,尤其是呢排成日俾班極度恐慌既人trigger… 我決定代肥控制員寫,因為我呢邊收視率高過佢。
好,開波!
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“We had better learn to doubt our inflated fears before they destroy us. Valid fear have their place; they cue us to danger. False and overdrawn fears only cause hardship. Even concerns about real dangers, when blown out of proportion, do demonstrable harm.” – Barry Glassner, American sociologist, author of The Culture of Fear.
網絡世界千奇百趣,好多網上既意見同評論,如果同傳媒製造既輿論結合(不論有心定無意),係會對社會有非常深切既影響。例如以前有政權會向群眾灌輸恐懼,挑起群眾之間既仇恨,或令群眾不知所措,進而控制群眾。呢種手法,不論以前納粹德國、現存或者已覆亡既共產國家、甚至自命民主自由既開放社會如美國都有出現。當政者及其黨羽,就係利用群眾既錯誤認知,以感性因素去扭曲大家既認知同決策能力,咁就可以達到佢地既政治目的啦。咩政治目的?好多種既,下至失敗政府要掩飾施政失誤,上至衝出國際統治全世界都有。
所以唔好話咁樣係「誇張」、「陰謀論」、同「乜都拉埋政治來講」呀,因為人類歷史就係充滿呢種叫 fearmongering既手段-用有目的地散播同誇大一樣不愉快既事情既手法,去引起大家既恐懼來控制群眾。現今世界,庸碌無能之輩當政比比皆是,唔識控制群眾既情緒,點樣遮掩政府既無能同做錯事既後果?不過肥人今次唔講法律,我學下一般既KOL咁「跨界別評論」先,所以呢篇文我講生物醫學,particularly 係將近來我係周遭聽聽埋埋既恐慌言論歸納一齊,逐點解釋。
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首先,等肥人我同大家重溫一下近來有關武漢肺炎既新聞標題:
信報報導「河南超長潛伏期病例疑94天確診」
HK01就話「逾5000疫廈元朗區最多 衛生署拒回應真偽」
Business Focus既報導就恐怖啦,話「肺炎突變新冠腦炎? 北京醫院首證病毒能侵襲中樞神經系統 感染肺炎併發腦炎北京醫院:患者意識曾陷入混亂」
CCTVB報導「私家醫生可收患者呼吸道樣本交政府陳肇始稱可及早減低傳播」
仲有零零星星報導例如:
「伊朗新冠肺炎疫情增至145死55歲國會議員不治」
「伊朗新型冠狀肺炎疫情失控,再有一位高級官員病逝。」
「【新冠肺炎・伊朗】數名官員先後染病身亡 23國會議員確診」
「新型冠狀病毒南韓確診個案累計增至逾7千宗死亡人數維持在44人。」
「【新冠肺炎.最新疫情】意大利確診個案逾萬 美國突破千宗」
上面堆報導實在睇到好多人好恐慌,尤其是本來對科學/病毒/醫療/疾病無咩認知既人,呢兩個月睇新聞就好似睇恐怖熱線咁。於是搞到好多心理質素差,表面受過教育既人墮入恐慌之中。
然後,我聽到身邊好多人竭斯底理咁驚叫:
「個肺花!個肺花!個肺花!個肺花呀!」
「呢個唔係流感呀!唔好再錯誤同流感比較啦!」
「潛伏期變長呀!無病徵既隱形病人都會傳染人架!」
(隔離果個choke到,咳兩聲)「我以後唔同你坐埋一齊呀!我唔想死呀!」
「如果唔係香港人衛生意識好,堅持戴口罩,香港一早淪陷啦!依家已經無新病例!你睇鬼佬幾污糟!又唔戴口罩,病又話唔使入醫院,返屋企休息,依家美國同意大利都爆發啦!」
「呢D廢老唔戴口罩,鬼唔望佢地中招死全家!政府應該強制人戴口罩!」
以上說話我全部聽過人講,最後一句我最撚火滾,你自己恐慌就好啦,咒人死仲要政府好 draconian 咁立法同執法?俾個民主自由既國會你仲可以普選,你都會選班人渣出來,然後大比數通過立法強制抽血抽組織,強制所有人有無問題都要戴口罩,仲可能要將人tag完再限制人出入自由。1984呀!
我日日做mon post狗睇網上既post,好多share出來又會令人恐懼既post,大部份都係有好多空間令人胡思亂想,如果你對科學尤其是 research methods, medical science, microbiology, virology等等唔認識的話,你鐵定會誤讀誤解再誤判… oh wait,睇返上面「利用群眾既錯誤認知,以感性因素去扭曲大家既認知同決策能力」,BINGO! 咁就搞掂你啦。為咩事要搞掂你?唔講啦,因為你會用陰毛論、陳雲信徒、唔好乜都政治化來駁我。
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依家太多post講呢個新型冠狀病毒,例如Facebook有個印度人既 Infographics on Covid-19,好詳盡,但咁又點呢?大家對病毒以致肺炎、流感、醫療系統等等都毫無認識,講到咁深入你地都會誤解或者一頭霧水。咁樣樣,好多人因為無足夠既basic knowledge,又先入為主咁因為自己既恐慌情緒相信左錯既資訊,要同佢地「解毒」,就好似同藍絲講咩叫法治一樣困難,真係太監洞房無撚用。
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好,依家開始【法網肥人講病毒】!
1. 眾所鳩知,武漢肺炎係由新型既冠狀病毒 Covid-19引起。Covid-19係冠狀病毒科 Coronaviridae裡面其中一種,佢係屬於 positive-sense, singled stranded RNA virus (正鏈單股核醣核酸病毒) 。RNA病毒有好高突變率,因為病毒既RNA polymerases缺乏 DNA polymerase 既proofreading能力,所以佢地好難有 nearly identical既 sequence。仲有一點好重要,病毒同病菌唔同,病毒係需要靠 host cell (宿主細胞)先可以生存,離開 host cell 佢地不能複製,不能運作,只有死路一條。所以一開始就話新病毒同SARS個sequence有幾多幾多 percent 相似,我即刻叮左一下,然後好多人傳話新病毒點點點可以生存好耐,我更加叮多兩下…. 邊個放呢D料出來既?
2. 另外,呢隻病毒並非 retrovirus (逆轉錄病毒, class VI single-stranded RNA-Reverse Transcriptase),唔會將自己既RNA用 reverse transcriptase (逆轉錄酶)塞入host cell既基因裡面,然後適時復發。咩係retrovirus呢? 例如會引起 T Cell Leukemia 既 Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1),或者引起愛滋病既 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)。呢個病毒,亦唔係好似肝病毒科乙型肝炎咁,唔係 retrovirus 但會有reverse transcriptase去將 viral genome incorporate 入host cell,所以就算不幸中左,都唔會話咩病者會成世帶住個病。所以我每一次聽到人講「就算中左都一世帶病呀」就會好抆,冠狀病毒變愛滋,黐L線!
3. 冠狀病毒既結構好簡單:一個 viral envelope,外面有protein spike,裡面有RNA,that’s it。佢地個replication mechanism (複製機制) 就係病毒接觸host cell後進入 host cell,然後係host cell個細胞核nucleus裡面複製。複製完之後就由host cell cytoplasm (細胞質)裡面製造既 necleocapsid (核蛋白衣) 加埋細胞核既 endoplasmic reticulum (內質網) 既phospholipid membrane (磷脂層)包住病毒RNA,經由host cell 既Golgi apparatus (高氏體)帶出host cell 繼續傳染人。呢個複製過程,當然會破壞甚至殺死 host cell啦。咁知道呢點有咩用?Phospholipid membrane係lipid bilayer (脂質雙分子層),lipid bilayer係怕番梘soap既!咁勤D用番梘洗手就得啦,使撚用甲醇咩屌你,你嫌命長?
4. 有人話:「咁基因突變都得架嘛!個病毒咪做到所有野囉!」喔,係咩?如果咁簡單,呢個世界既大學就唔需要有生物系,而且達爾文應該無人理。首先,病毒點解會有基因變異?簡單講就係 replication 之中,有polymerases 抄錯條 sequence,例如本來係 ATCG 既,抄成 ATTG,跟住無 proofread 就掉出去。又有一種變異,就好似屬於Orthomyxoviridae 既influenza A virus咁,裡面有八條 RNA segments,可以係 replication既時候洗牌。呢種 replication 既錯誤或者洗牌,積埋積埋,小則變成 genetic drift/antigenic drift,大則變成 genetic shift/antigenic shift。前者可能將某一個半個 surface protein 結構變左少少,整體來講人體免疫系統仲認得出,變異後既病毒殺傷力有限。後者可能將原有病毒變成新既 subtype,大部份人既免疫系統都認唔出而死傷無數。假設,新既冠狀病毒係由舊有冠狀病毒(包括 SARS)天然 antigenic shift 變出來既,咁點可能係短短兩三個月再次 antigenic shift 呢?如果基因突變去到呢個地步,肯定顛覆生物學界既認知。但好多本來就無讀過生物既人會唔認同,佢地會搏命咁話基因變異點能夠預測!肥人話你知,唔係預測,而係不符合現實同暫時無人能夠推翻既理論。如果新病毒可以係短時間內變成 retrovirus,可以無任何條件下生存好耐,隨意改變 latent period潛伏期,隨意改變傳染力同殺傷力的話,科學家應該點 classify 佢呢?簡單講,長頸鹿頸長先叫做長頸鹿,如果長頸鹿變成 Mike Tyson 條頸咁短,咁我地應該叫佢做 Mike Tyson 定長頸鹿?如果新冠狀病毒有 HTLV-1既retrovirus能力,有hepatitis B 既 reverse transcriptase,有 flu A 可以 shuffle RNA 既能力,又有 HIV 既超長 latent period,你會叫佢做 coronavirus 定 super virus?
5. 講基因變異,要一個變異既病毒基因可以流傳,病毒本身必須要不斷繁衍,宿主傳宿主咁一代傳一代,病毒先可以續存。呢個就係進化論,survival of the fittest。古代有好多生物不能續存,就係因為被環境淘汰,例如有理論認為三葉蟲因為蛻變機制 (instar and molting) 有問題,結果難以生存,最後被大自然淘汰。如果病毒勁到咩人都可以一野就殺死佢的話,佢點傳播?宿主死左,無人帶佢地去傳染其他人嘛!病毒唔係病菌,可以係環境種生存好耐,病毒只要離開宿主好快就會死,就算有飛沫帶住,我地環境中既太陽紫外光、oxidizing agents、濕度與氣溫等等會令佢地好快收皮。病毒唔係倪匡衛斯理《藍血人》裡面隻「獲殼依毒間」,可以變成游離電波周圍飄。大家明白進化論,就會明白病毒學101既常識,從而 debunk 左一個不斷流傳既流言:「隻病毒好勁,好多人死架,傳播得又快!」傳播得快,不等如勁,而太勁既病毒,難以傳播。係呢度,傳播得快,同隻病毒之間並無關係。病毒殺傷力勁,傳播範圍就會窄,傳播速度都會慢;病毒殺傷力一般如普通流感的話,傳播範圍先會闊,傳播速度先會快。如果新聞瘋狂報導好多人死就等如勁,咁非洲同中東都有好多基督徒男女老幼被人大規模屠殺,你會唔會覺得信耶穌係死路一條?
6. 又有人話:「呢隻病毒唔同流感呀!唔好再同流感比啦!呢隻病毒會死人架!呢隻病毒無藥醫架!」首先,除左冠狀病毒同流感病毒,仲有 Respiratory Synctical Virus (人類呼吸道合胞病毒) 同 Rhinovirus (鼻病毒) 都會引起呼吸道感染疾病,隻隻都係病毒,病毒一向未必有有效既藥物醫治,隻隻都會死人。你地以為流感有得醫?用 Tamiflu 都未必得架,而且有可能有嚴重副作用。咁冠狀病毒同流感病毒有咩唔同? 有人話death rate高,無vaccine,latent period又長又短,病人無病徵,但呢堆因素唔係用來分別病毒勁唔勁囉。Death rate 高低由咩決定,點計?Vaccine有咩用,target 咩?latent period 點解會長短不一?有無病徵同嚴重性有咩關係,係咪好似異形咁,你怕有人無病徵但會 sudden death?你地睇得太多 WhatsApp D人無啦啦訓低既片段啦,你又知人地係武漢肺炎死?New England Journal of Medicine 有篇叫 First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States既文,提到美國華盛頓州有個病人1月19日入廠,20日確診,一直都係 supportive care,直到染病第11日,即係入廠第7日,醫生先用 IV 俾 remdesivir (瑞德西韋),然後佢就退燒,其他症狀都消失或者減輕。咁又點解會係無得醫?大家記住remdesivir (瑞德西韋),遲下會再講。
7. 仲有,我最憎既「個肺花!個肺花!個肺花!個肺花呀!」呢句,我想同講呢句既人講,肺花,係因為照 X-ray 既時候個肺有 consolidation/infiltration,呢個問題唔單止係肺炎,肺癆甚至cancer都會肺花。你怕咩肺花?流感去到嚴重的話,都可能肺花,因為你有 pulmonary consolidation or infiltration。肺花係因為你個肺 filled with liquid, exudate, pus 甚至 blood from hemorrhage。理性少少,冷靜D,肺花講一次就得,repeat 幾次無幫助。
8. 孤勿論點,呢隻病毒都只係一隻呼吸道感染既病毒,一隻真病毒,一隻同流感一樣會令人病,亦會令人死既病毒,只係流感令人鼻塞,但一樣有機會令人肺炎。呢個新病毒佢所有既威力都係傳媒、WhatsApp片段、社交媒體既報導俾佢,就好似有D 人,你聽佢大名如雷灌耳,一見到真人原來係柒碌又無料到一樣(我懷疑我自己都係咁)。其實有無人真正去了解上面我所講既野?無人話你聽你可以當呢隻病毒無到,話之佢死,但係一開始就進入恐慌狀態,咁你係咪俾人耍緊呢?
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講完上面既病毒既基本知識,不如講多少少基本病毒檢測既知識。好,依家開始【法網肥人化身肥控制員】!
外面成日有人話:「哎呀,個病人21日後先確診呀!」「哎呀,佢隻狗弱陽性呀!」「哎呀,本來係陰性依家係陽性呀!」「哎呀,南韓同意大利爆發,突然好多人確診呀!」Now TV 更報導「鑽石公主號在日確診香港人 康復回港後再檢測呈陽性」
究竟,呢堆確診數字信唔信得過?我意思唔係話邊個國家信唔信得過,而係呢個 test method 同個 protocol 信唔信得過,會唔會有 uncertainty 或者error? 一開始,我地可以睇下 Journal of the American Medical Association 3月9日既文章,Diagnostic Testing for the Novel Coronavirus,裡面有講到 false positive/false negative 既問題,仲有病毒測試既regulation,測試既 guideline等等。文中有提到,開初發展出來既病毒測試有 false negative,顯示出呢個測試既設計應該係有問題。另外,FDA,CDC與美國各州政府之間都有分歧,州政府當然想為居民檢驗啦,但因為個測試係新開發,有大量問題同 uncertainy,所以FDA “made clear that laboratories were encouraged to develop tests but could not use them for clinical diagnosis without FDA’s “approval, clearance, or authorization during an emergency declaration.” 咁 what does that means? 如果你讀 law 的話,我expect你可以 read between the lines。
講返個測試,檢驗新病毒一般都係會用 RT-PCR (Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction 逆轉錄聚合酶鏈式反應)。好多人,包括肥人好多行家與同事甚至客仔,一聽到咩DNA測試,就以為呢個 test 無L敵啦,一定準確啦。Oh Sorry,no! 撇除所有「中國的會爆炸」同「中國有咩係真」呢兩個因素,一個test既結果是否可信係建基於樣本收集同檢驗方法,無論你係美國,意大利,南韓,日本定中國,樣本收集同檢驗方法先係 main point!
檢驗呼吸道感染疾病,你地話收集咩樣本好呀?Saliva? Sputum? Nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA)? Bronchial lavage? 如果係上呼吸道病毒,咁 NPA都足夠既,sputum 都可以,但saliva 就應該要reject。但有時呢類既樣本都未必有足夠既病毒樣本去驗,病毒深入氣管去到肺氣泡(alveoli),樣本可能要係bronchial lavage先夠做。仲有,收集樣本既手法,部位,儲存方式,收集時間與檢驗時間既差距,樣樣都會影響結果。支棉花棒「了」得唔好,你或者都會無 result。
好啦,到講 RT-PCR啦。RT-PCR係需要 medical scientist 去砌一段 primer 出來開始做test。為左檢驗結果既可靠性,scientist通常會係新病毒入面抽一段比較穩定既 RNA segment 出來做 primer。可惜,有好多情況下,RT-PCR會俾個錯既答案你。
第一,primer 既設計好影響結果,上面都話段 primer 要係抽病毒一段比較穩定既 RNA segment 出來做,咁如果你抽錯左呢?第二,樣本既 DNA/RNA sequence 既integrity好差,甩頭甩骨咁,結果就會受影響。即係上面所講既樣本收集出現問題呀!第三,樣本純度低,或者份量少,又即係上面所講既樣本收集出現問題呀!咁個 tech 或者 scientist 要係咁加 PCR cycle去 amplify 個 sample,咁 amplify 出來既樣本就有好大機會係 false positive,呢點會影響所謂確診既可信度,亦係咁肥人我見到漁護處話瑞士花園個阿婆患者隻狗呈現弱陽性反應,我當下笑 L97 左出來。大佬呀,你是咪無足夠 sample 就鳩 amplify,然後個 result 根本有問題你都聽長官意志,鳩簽個名話係弱陽性呀?陽就陽,陰就陰。Result 唔 significant 或者 inconclusive,你出咩報告jack? Invalid 啦!仲有呀,病毒係 host specific 架,會傳染人既病毒,又點會無啦啦傳染狗? 眾所鳩知冠狀病毒係靠人類細胞上既 ACE2 (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,血管收縮素轉化酶2)來進入人體細胞啦,狗 ACE2既同人既一樣?
寫下寫下,喂,原來未寫數據演繹同政策問題,太長啦,下次再續!
#跨界別吹水
#本來要免於恐懼唔跟隨共匪起舞
#依家又俾共匪睇穿你班人既心理
#個勢變啦全世界同共匪切割了
read better答案 在 賓狗單字Bingo Bilingual Youtube 的最讚貼文
#記得打開CC字幕
每年 10 月,臺北都會舉辦同志遊行,目的是為了讓社會看見同志,發現同性戀跟異性戀原來不一樣,卻又都一樣。賓狗單字今天就要來翻譯及解析蔡依林的《不一樣又怎樣》,一邊告訴大家歌詞到底在說什麼,順便學幾個實用的英文單字。
🌈 「非一般的遺產」、「另一種愛情結晶」是哪裡與眾不同?
🌈 「愛情有血有汗」怎麼用英文表達?
🌈 基督教團體繼 2018 年提出歧視同志公投後,又在 2019 年提出違反女性自主的「懷孕8週禁人工流產」公投(詳見:https://musou.watchout.tw/read/KZlvPbJ7YL7Gxquwm4ep)。為什麼在Jolin 呼籲平權的歌詞裡,會出現聖經的「信望愛」?
有人說 2019 年是「同婚元年」,因為同性伴侶終於可以登記結婚了,但也有人說這只是平權之路的起點,因為社會上對於女性、同性戀、外籍移工、跨性別等弱勢族群的差別待遇仍無所不在。
10月除了遊行之外,台灣同志諮詢熱線協會也主辦講座、工作坊、展覽等一系列活動(詳見:https://www.taiwanpride.lgbt/press/10)。希望大家一起努力,讓社會變得更溫暖!
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➡️ 金曲譯者的其他影片:
真實的自己最美 別輸給霸凌 | 蔡依林 玫瑰少年 歌詞翻譯及解析
https://youtu.be/lGG_BBFNsf0
不肯被掰彎?! |五月天 盛夏光年 解析及翻譯
https://youtu.be/rwfpPLAr_Ok
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《不一樣又怎樣》中英歌詞
女方女方愛對方
Two girls deep in love
不簡單也很平凡
Difficult but quite natural
在同一張床
Since they started to share a bed
讓人生變不平凡
Their lives have become exceptional
是什麼樣 就怎麼辦
Just be who you are
非一般又怎麼樣
Nothing wrong in being different
還不是照樣 尋找最愛是誰的答案
At the end of the day, we’re all looking for love
庸俗地海枯石爛 世俗又憑什麼為難
What is there to object to about two people hoping to grow old together?
不一樣 都一樣
Different, but same
有各樣的患難
We all come across obstacles
不一樣 也一樣
Different, but same
有分合有聚散
We’re all bound and hurt by love
各有各一生一世
All may have forever love
各有各的溫柔鄉
All may sleep in sweet arms
哦愛不是抽象的信仰 有血有汗
Oh unlike intangible religions, love bleeds and sweats
另一半變成老伴
Growing old with our significant others
留下非一般的遺產
Our legacy lives on after we’re gone
愛一個人 看究竟需要多勇敢
By loving someone, you really are a hero
另一種愛情的結晶
What else can be born out of love?
就是更單純的浪漫
It's our simple but romantic life
不一樣 也一樣
Different, but same
有分合有聚散
We’re all bound and hurt by love
各有各一生一世
All may have forever love
各有各的溫柔鄉
All may sleep in sweet arms
哦愛不是抽象的信仰 有血有汗
Oh unlike intangible religions, love bleeds and sweats
誰比誰美滿
As for which kind of life is better
由誰來衡量
Who has the right to judge?
不用誰原諒
We don’t need forgiveness
就讓感動萬世留芳
Our love will be remembered for generations to come
不一樣 都一樣
Different, but same
信望愛 都一樣
Faith, hope, and love mean the same to us
不一樣 都一樣
Different, but same
從缺憾 找圓滿
No life’s perfect, but we cherish perfect little moments
不一樣 也一樣
Different, but same
會快樂 會悲傷
We laugh, we cry
各有各一生一世
All may have forever love
各有各的溫柔鄉
All may sleep in sweet arms
神不神聖 愛這種信仰 誰說了算
Sinful or holy? In the religion of love, you don’t have the final say