關於 national economic association ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

Breaking‼️

美東時間1月5日傍晚，川普以國家安全為由，用行政命令方式禁止阿里支付寶、微信支付、QQ錢包在內的8款中國應用程式（App)。

行政命令發佈後45天，禁止任何人與實體與這8款中國應用程式（App）進行交易。

按照日程，美國下任政府將在15天後，1月20日上任。

—

美國商務部長在同一時間發聲明表示，已指示商務部按行政命令執行禁令，「支持川普總統保護美國人民隱私與安全，免於受到中國共產黨的威脅。」

—

▫️8款App:

支付寶（Alipay）、掃描全能王(CamScanner)、QQ錢包（QQ Wallet）、茄子快傳（SHAREit）、騰訊QQ（Tencent QQ）、阿里巴巴旗下海外短視頻應用VMate、微信支付（WeChat Pay）和辦公型App WPS Office。

圖三：美國商務部聲明

圖四：美國國安顧問聲明
—

▫️白宮行政命令全文：

The White House
Office of the Press Secretary
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
January 5, 2021
EXECUTIVE ORDER



- - - - - - -



ADDRESSING THE THREAT POSED BY APPLICATIONS AND OTHER SOFTWARE DEVELOPED OR CONTROLLED BY CHINESE COMPANIES



By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code,

I, DONALD J. TRUMP, President of the United States of America, find that additional steps must be taken to deal with the national emergency with respect to the information and communications technology and services supply chain declared in Executive Order 13873 of May 15, 2019 (Securing the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain). Specifically, the pace and pervasiveness of the spread in the United States of certain connected mobile and desktop applications and other software developed or controlled by persons in the People's Republic of China, to include Hong Kong and Macau (China), continue to threaten the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States. At this time, action must be taken to address the threat posed by these Chinese connected software applications.

By accessing personal electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets, and computers, Chinese connected software applications can access and capture vast swaths of information from users, including sensitive personally identifiable information and private information. This data collection threatens to provide the Government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) with access to Americans' personal and proprietary information -- which would permit China to track the locations of Federal employees and contractors, and build dossiers of personal information.

The continuing activity of the PRC and the CCP to steal or otherwise obtain United States persons' data makes clear that there is an intent to use bulk data collection to advance China's economic and national security agenda. For example, the 2014 cyber intrusions of the Office of Personnel Management of security clearance records of more than 21 million people were orchestrated by Chinese agents. In 2015, a Chinese hacking group breached the United States health insurance company Anthem, affecting more than 78 million Americans. And the Department of Justice indicted members of the Chinese military for the 2017 Equifax cyber intrusion that compromised the personal information of almost half of all Americans.

In light of these risks, many executive departments and agencies (agencies) have prohibited the use of Chinese connected software applications and other dangerous software on Federal Government computers and mobile phones. These prohibitions, however, are not enough given the nature of the threat from Chinese connected software applications. In fact, the Government of India has banned the use of more than 200 Chinese connected software applications throughout the country; in a statement, India's Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology asserted that the applications were "stealing and surreptitiously transmitting users' data in an unauthorized manner to servers which have locations outside India."

The United States has assessed that a number of Chinese connected software applications automatically capture vast swaths of information from millions of users in the United States, including sensitive personally identifiable information and private information, which would allow the PRC and CCP access to Americans' personal and proprietary information.

The United States must take aggressive action against those who develop or control Chinese connected software applications to protect our national security.

Accordingly, I hereby order:

Section 1. (a) The following actions shall be prohibited beginning 45 days after the date of this order, to the extent permitted under applicable law: any transaction by any person, or with respect to any property, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, with persons that develop or control the following Chinese connected software applications, or with their subsidiaries, as those transactions and persons are identified by the Secretary of Commerce (Secretary) under subsection (e) of this section: Alipay, CamScanner, QQ Wallet, SHAREit, Tencent QQ, VMate, WeChat Pay, and WPS Office.

(b) The Secretary is directed to continue to evaluate Chinese connected software applications that may pose an unacceptable risk to the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States, and to take appropriate action in accordance with Executive Order 13873.

(c) Not later than 45 days after the date of this order, the Secretary, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence, shall provide a report to the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs with recommendations to prevent the sale or transfer of United States user data to, or access of such data by, foreign adversaries, including through the establishment of regulations and policies to identify, control, and license the export of such data.

(d) The prohibitions in subsection (a) of this section apply except to the extent provided by statutes, or in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses that may be issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding any contract entered into or any license or permit granted before the date of this order.

(e) Not earlier than 45 days after the date of this order, the Secretary shall identify the transactions and persons that develop or control the Chinese connected software applications subject to subsection (a) of this section.

Sec. 2. (a) Any transaction by a United States person or within the United States that evades or avoids, has the purpose of evading or avoiding, causes a violation of, or attempts to violate the prohibition set forth in this order is prohibited.

(b) Any conspiracy formed to violate any of the prohibitions set forth in this order is prohibited.

Sec. 3. For the purposes of this order:

(a) the term "connected software application" means software, a software program, or group of software programs, designed to be used by an end user on an end-point computing device and designed to collect, process, or transmit data via the Internet as an integral part of its functionality.

(b) the term "entity" means a government or instrumentality of such government, partnership, association, trust, joint venture, corporation, group, subgroup, or other organization, including an international organization;

(c) the term "person" means an individual or entity;

(d) the term "personally identifiable information" (PII) is information that, when used alone or with other relevant data, can identify an individual. PII may contain direct identifiers (e.g., passport information) that can identify a person uniquely, or quasi-identifiers (e.g., race) that can be combined with other quasi-identifiers (e.g., date of birth) to successfully recognize an individual.

(e) the term "United States person" means any United States citizen, permanent resident alien, entity organized under the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in the United States.

Sec. 4. (a) The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Attorney General, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including adopting rules and regulations, and to employ all powers granted to me by IEEPA, as may be necessary to implement this order. All agencies shall take all appropriate measures within their authority to implement this order.

(b) The heads of agencies shall provide, in their discretion and to the extent permitted by law, such resources, information, and assistance to the Department of Commerce as required to implement this order, including the assignment of staff to the Department of Commerce to perform the duties described in this order.

Sec. 5. Severability. If any provision of this order, or the application of any provision to any person or circumstance, is held to be invalid, the remainder of this order and the application of its other provisions to any other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.

Sec. 6. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department, agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.



DONALD J. TRUMP



THE WHITE HOUSE,

January 5, 2021.

【海洋9友邦知多少❓特色獎品 #抽起來 🎁】

疫情落幕的那一天
相約到加勒比海及太平洋友邦走走吧 🏖

#魔法部 和中華民國對外貿易發展協會 - TAITRA
這禮拜將與中華民國旅行業品質保障協會舉辦
#加勒比海及太平洋地區旅遊暨農特產品推廣會
邀請國內60多家旅行業者代表出席
並與足跡踏遍所有邦交國的 YouTuber ▶️
#融融歷險記 男主角 Ben 同台進行經驗分享 😉

希望台灣與同屬海洋國家的邦交國之間
能夠進一步透過旅遊觀光
衝一波 #經貿外交 及 #文化交流 🐳🐢🐙
也要讓更多的台灣朋友們
更加認識我們的邦交國喔～

⚠️ 重～點～來～了 ⚠️
為了讓大家更有fu
小編特別蒐（拗）集（來）了許多當地特色禮品
要來送給 #15位 幸運的粉絲 😍

包括 👉🏻 聖克里斯多福及尼維斯皮雕、海地 REBO咖啡豆、海地辣木茶包、貝里斯辣椒醬、吐瓦魯貝殼項鍊、聖露西亞 Baron 醬料、聖露西亞特色娃娃、馬紹爾群島 Kili Shoulder Bag、馬紹爾群島扶桑花飾品、聖文森國 Grenadines 海鹽罐、聖文森國手工香蕉葉畫、諾魯椰殼鑰匙環、諾魯椰殼手環。

是不是超～想得到它們？
從現在起至 #11月11日 23:59前 (台北時間)
完成下面3個move
就有機會被小編抽中呦～ 😘

🔺 按下外交部粉專的「讚」(已是粉絲的就不用)
🔺 公開分享這則貼文
🔺 在本貼文下方標註3位朋友，並回答以下問題：
(例如：@XXX @XXX @XXX AAAAAAAAA)

1️⃣ #吐瓦魯 🇹🇻 使用的主要通行貨幣為？
(A)新台幣 (B)澳洲幣 (C)吐魯番幣 (D)比特幣

2️⃣ 在 #諾魯 🇳🇷 的台灣農技團主要飼養的經濟動物為？
(A)台灣黑熊 (B)蛋雞 (C)柴犬 (D)梅花鹿

3️⃣ #帛琉 🇵🇼 為母系社會，但傳說女性擅入男人會館 (Bai) 會變成什麼？
(A)男人 (B)石頭 (C)戰狼 (D)超級賽亞人

4️⃣ 原住民族委員會與 #馬紹爾群島 🇲🇭 去年簽署的雙邊合作協定為何？
(A)東道主禮儀交流協定 (B)南島民族文化事務協定 (C)西太平洋振興計畫協定 (D)北風北大逆轉協定

5️⃣ 下列何者是 #貝里斯 🇧🇿 著名的觀光景點？
(A)大堡礁 (B)大黑洞 (C)大峽谷 (D)大藍洞

6️⃣ #海地 🇭🇹 位處加勒比海地區，但官方語言為何？
(A)法語 (B)海線客語 (C)西班牙語 (D)海地物語

7️⃣ #聖露西亞 🇱🇨 出了幾位諾貝爾奬得主？
(A)0位 (B)2位 (C)20位 (D)200位

8️⃣ 國人持本國護照入境 #聖文森國 🇻🇨 可享免簽證待遇的期限有多久？
(A)6小時 (B)6天 (C)6個月 (D)6年

9️⃣ #聖克里斯多福及尼維斯 🇰🇳 的主要經濟支柱為？
(A)觀光旅遊 (B)Johnny烤餅 (C)漢彌爾頓音樂劇票房 (D)國家寶藏

There is a light at the end of this tunnel that is the global pandemic, and one day we’ll be taking to the skies once more! With a view to that day, MOFA, TAITRA and Taiwan’s Travel Quality Assurance Association are hosting the Caribbean and Pacific Islands Tourism and Agricultural Products Marketing Campaign Event. We’re also holding a #PrizeDraw to to help you get to know Taiwan's diplomatic allies a little better!

The event will be held from 10:30-13:30 at the Grand Ballroom of the Grand Hyatt in Taipei on November 5. Representatives from five of Taiwan’s allies in the Caribbean and four Pacific allies, as well as 60 representatives from the travel industry will attend, with a special talk from YouTuber Ben’s Adventure, sharing his experiences traveling to Taiwan’s diplomatic allies.

Complete the three steps below before 23:59 on November 11 to be in with a chance to win a prize!

1. If you’re not already a fan, hit the “Like” button on our Page.
2. Share this post publicly.
3. Tag three friends in the comments section of this post and answer the following questions:

1️⃣ Which of the following is the main currency used in Tuvalu?
(A) NT dollars (B) Australian dollars (C) Turpan dollars (D) Bitcoin

2️⃣ Which of the following animals is Taiwan ICDF helping Nauru to raise?
(A) Formosan Black Bears (B) Chickens (C) Shiba Inu (D) Sika deer

3️⃣ Palau is a matriarchal society, but what do the legends say women will turn into if they sneak into the men’s house (Bai)?
(A) Men (B) Rocks (C) Wolf warriors (D) Super Saiyan

4️⃣ What bilateral agreement did Taiwan’s Council of Indigenous Peoples sign with the Marshall Islands last year?
(A) Exchange on etiquette and hosting guests (B) Austronesian cultural exchange (C) West Pacific economic stimulus agreement (D) Mahjong exchange agreement

5️⃣ Which of the following is a famous Belizean tourist attraction?
(A) The Great Barrier Reef (B) The Great Black Hole (C) The Grand Canyon (D) The Great Blue Hole

6️⃣ Haiti may be in the Caribbean, but which of the following is one of its two official languages?
(A) French (B) Coastal Hakka (C) Spanish (D) Mermaidese

7️⃣ How many Nobel laureates has Saint Lucia produced?
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 20 (D) 200

8️⃣ How long is visa-free treatment for Taiwanese nationals on entering Saint Vincent?
(A) 6 hours (B) 6 days (C) 6 months (D) 6 years

9️⃣ What is the main economic driver of St. Kitts and Nevis?
(A) Tourism (B) Johnny Cakes (C) Box office takings for "Hamilton: An American Musical" (D) National Treasures

Prizes: 15 lucky winners with the correct answers will receive one of the following special prizes from our allies:
A leather carving from #SaintKittsAndNevis, Rebo coffee or Moringa tea from #Haiti, hot sauce from #Belize, a shell necklace from #Tuvalu, Baron West Indian Hot Sauce or a doll from #SaintLucia, a Kili shoulder bag or a hibiscus accessory from the #MarshallIslands, Grenadine Wild Sea Salt or a banana leaf painting from #SaintVincentAndTheGrenadines, a coconut shell keyring or a coconut shell mobile phone ornament from #Nauru.

//今年10月1日是中共建政71周年，支聯會將聯同友好團體代表於10月1日11時，以倒行形式分組前往中聯辦宣讀聲明及中港在囚異見人士狀況，敦促中共改善人權，落實當年建政的承諾，停止粉飾太平，回應聲明提出的訴求。//

【沒有人權，哪有國慶？停止打壓異見 還我言論自由】聯署聲明全文

(English below)

中共建政71周年，也是中國人民飽受苦難的歷史。建政前，中共以民主、自由、繁榮、富強的承諾，欺騙萬千愛國者為其拋頭顱、灑熱血。建政後首30年，階級鬥爭為綱，政治運動頻仍；經濟冒進失誤，赤地千里，餓殍遍野。接著的10年，推行經濟改革，但仍堅持獨裁專政，打壓人民訴求，導致胡耀邦、趙紫陽下台，更發生「六四」血腥鎮壓。「六四」後31年來，貪污腐敗猖獗，貧富兩極分化，弱勢社群備受壓榨，道德倫理殆盡，維權和異見人士被拘入獄，全國籠罩白色恐怖，人權蕩然。習近平專政下，14億人民仍活在沒有人權、沒有尊嚴中，有甚麼值得慶祝？

今天是中共所謂的「國慶」，但71年來，許多人只因表達政治立場慘遭拘禁和酷刑，直到今天，仍有不計其數人士因言獲罪，身陷囹圄。在這個令人憤慨而非喜慶的日子，支聯會等團體特別關注被所謂「危害國家安全」罪名拘押的中國和香港抗爭者，他們面對獨裁政權迫害，我們在香港也正經歷同樣命運。

對中國異見人士來說，中國政府以所謂「國家安全」為理由作出種種打壓，是每天不能承受的痛。今年，香港人失去法治和自由，自中央政府於6月30日強推《港區國安法》後，多名人士以所謂與「國安」有關的罪名被起訴，12位年輕人更因為逃亡台灣途中「被送中」，香港人自由岌岌可危，與中國異見人士更是唇齒相依。

他們代表不同年齡和不同背景人士對民主自由的渴求，在鐵幕高牆的國度仍不畏強權，以各種方式爭取民主和傳播尊重人權的訊息，但他們合法和合理的行動和訴求，卻被政權以違反所謂「國家安全」惡法無理打壓，他們的案件在中國只是冰山一角，深信還有不少被專制政權迫害而不知名的受害人。

港區《國安法》強推以來僅僅數月，言論自由空間不斷收窄，過往不少可以喊的口號和可以發起的行動，已被政府強詞奪理解讀為違反《國安法》，營造赤色恐怖，企圖噤聲，打壓異己，令香港的自由急速消逝，嚴重侵犯市民的言論自由與集會自由。

我們強烈要求中國政府和香港政府停止粉飾太平，回應以下訴求：
1）平反八九民運，還多年來承受失去至親一個公道！
2）成立獨立調查委員會，調查「六四」及香港自去年「反送中」運動的警暴行為！
3）停止假借「國家安全」名義，肆意破壞香港法治精神和打壓言論自由！
4）立即釋放中港被囚異見人士！

2020年10月1日

聯署團體：(更新 30.9.2020)

香港市民支援愛國民主運動聯合會
四五行動
林鉅成社會服務處
溫哥華支援民主運動聯合會
天安門母親運動
卡城中國民主促進會
良心之友
中國維權律師關注組
社會民主連線
青衣居民權益服務社
香港社會工作者總工會
新婦女協進會
民主黨
工黨
香港職工會聯盟
郭家麒議員辦事處
民間電台
曾健成議員辦事處
六四行動
民間人權陣線
香港基督徒社關團契
關注綜援低收入聯盟
零售、商業及成衣業總工會
基督徒社工
香港教育專業人員協會
關心香港前途小組
公民黨

’Without human Rights, How Can We Celebrate “National Day”?Stop the crackdown on dissidents; give us our freedom‘

1 October 2020

The Chinese Communist Party has been in power for 71 years now—71 years of suffering for the Chinese people. Before coming to power, the Party promised to make China a democratic, free, prosperous and strong country, but it fooled hundreds of thousands of patriots into sacrificing themselves for the nation. For the first 30 years after the establishment of the regime, class struggle was the main focus and mass political campaigns were frequent. Economic policy was poorly devised, leading to famine and death.

In the following 10 years, the regime enacted economic reform but remained totalitarian. It cracked down on demands for change, leading to the fall of liberal state leaders Hu Yaobang and Zhao Ziyang and eventually the bloodshed of the 1989 Tiananmen Massacre. In the subsequent 31 years, corruption has been rampant and uneven wealth distribution serious. Underprivileged groups are squeezed by those in power. Ethics and morality have collapsed. Human rights defenders and dissidents are detained and imprisoned. The whole country lives under white terror. There are simply no human rights. Under Xi Jinping’s dictatorship, 1.4 billion people are living in a society without human rights or dignity. What is there to celebrate?

Today is what the Party calls “National Day”. But over the past 71 years, many have been ruthlessly imprisoned and tortured simply for expressing their political views. Countless people are still detained for their speech. On this day we should feel outrage rather than joy,. Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China and other organizations are particularly concerned about the Chinese and Hong Kong activists facing so-called “national security” charges. While those in China endure the persecution of a totalitarian regime, we in Hong Kong experience the same fate.

Chinese dissidents suffer unbearable pain every day as the Chinese government uses the pretext of “national security” to crack down on them. In this year, Hongkongers have lost rule of law and experience diminishing freedoms. Since the central government forcibly imposed the Hong Kong national security law (officially the “Law of the People’s Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region”) on 30 June 2020, dozens of individuals have been charged with so-called “national security” crimes. Twelve young people fleeing to Taiwan were taken to China. Hong Kong people’s freedoms are at greater risk than ever. Hong Kong people’s fate is even more interconnected with the Chinese people’s.

Many, diverse in age and background, desire democracy and freedom. They do not fear challenging the government despite dictatorship. They fight for democracy and share information about human rights. But their legal and legitimate actions and demands have been punished by the government with so-called “national security” charges. Their cases are only the tip of the iceberg in China. There are many unknown people persecuted by the regime.

The Hong Kong national security law has been in force for several months. Freedom of expression is drastically diminishing. Protest slogans are now interpreted by the Hong Kong government as violations of the national security law. The government creates red terror, attempts to silence dissenting views, and cracks down on dissidents. Hong Kong’s freedoms are quickly disappearing. Hong Kong people’s freedom of expression and freedom of assembly are seriously infringed.

We call on the Chinese and Hong Kong governments to stop whitewashing the daunting situation in China and Hong Kong and respond to the following requests:

1. Vindicate the 1989 pro-democracy movement and give victims’ families a fair explanation, apology and compensation;

2. Establish an independent commission to investigate the Tiananmen Massacre as well as police violence during the Anti-Extradition Bill protests in Hong Kong since last year;

3. Stop using “national security” as an excuse to ruthlessly destroy Hong Kong’s rule of law and freedom of expression;

4. Immediately release all detained Chinese and Hong Kong dissidents.

Signatories: (updated on 30.9.2020)

Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China
April Fifth Action
Community service office of KS Lam
Vancouver Society in Support of Democratic Movement
Tiananmen Mothers Campaign
Movement for Democracy in China (Calgary)
Friends of Conscience
China Human Rights Lawyers Concern Group
League of social democrats
Tsing Yi Residents Rights and Interests Service Society
Hong Kong Social Workers` General Union
The Association for the Advancement of Feminism
The Democratic Party
Labour Party (Hong Kong)
Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions
Office of Dr. Kwok Ka Ki, Legislative Council Member
Citizens Radio
Office of Tsang Kin Shing District Councillor
June 4th Action
Civil Human Rights Front
Hong Kong Christian Fellowship of Social Concern
Concerning CSSA and Low Income Alliance
Retail, Commerce and Clothing Industries General Union
Christian Social Workers
Hong Kong Professional Teachers’ Union
Concern the Future of Hong Kong
CIVIC PARTY

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註：六四紀念館已於9月15日重新開放，繼續舉辦「走在抗極權最前線——從『八九六四』到『反送中』」主題展覽，同時舉辦「中港被囚異見人士」專題展（至10月31日），介紹異見人士的事蹟，誠邀參觀及報導。查詢：2459 6489（電話/WhatsApp）、 64museum@alliance.org.hk （電郵）
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#十一 #六四 #反送中 #人權 #言論自由 #humanrights #freedomofspeech #june4

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＃牛奶 ＃優越感
重點：
00:00 前導
01:39 右翼人士與牛奶的關聯
03:19 能喝牛奶的人種比較優秀？！
04:43 我們原本都有乳糖不耐
05:30 考古研究的證據是？
07:03 牛奶何時成為餐桌常客？
08:39 牛奶普及帶來的各種問題
10:06 我們的觀點
11:03 提問
10:44 結尾

【 製作團隊 】

｜企劃：蛋糕說話時屑屑請閉嘴
｜腳本：蛋糕說話時屑屑請閉嘴
｜編輯：土龍
｜剪輯後製：Pookie
｜剪輯助理：歆雅、珊珊
｜演出：志祺

——

【 本集參考資料 】

→人類也會被馴化？從乳糖不耐症，看人類基因的轉變——《祖先的故事》：https://bit.ly/37j9DCu
→牛奶：新納粹的象徵：https://bit.ly/2Vaoaed
→考古探密：奶與蜜： https://bit.ly/39pWxpM
→乳糖不耐症的亞洲人為什麼特別多？從喝牛奶的歷史談起：https://bit.ly/2KQEgrH
→乳糖不耐症怎麼辦？如何改善與治療？專家圖文完整教學：https://bit.ly/2Jj5Ixh
→為何牛奶會讓人「小時好好，長大拉拉」？乳糖不耐和基因調控──《生命如何創新》：https://bit.ly/3ljzsqZ
→德國青銅時代的戰士們，大多乳糖不耐：https://bit.ly/3mjibzQ
→衛生福利部國民健康署：https://bit.ly/2VaoyJH
→Alkon, A. H., & Agyeman, J. (Eds.). (2011). Cultivating food justice: Race, class, and sustainability. MIT press.
→Archaeology: The milk revolution：https://go.nature.com/2JpUwza
→Are the US Dietary Guidelines on Milk Racist?：https://bit.ly/39n41K8
→Bertron, P., Barnard, N. D., & Mills, M. (1999). Racial bias in federal nutrition policy, Part I: The public health implications of variations in lactase persistence. Journal of the National Medical Association, 91(3), 151–157.
→Cohen, M., & Otomo, Y. (Eds.). (2017). Making Milk: The Past, Present and Future of Our Primary Food. Bloomsbury Publishing.
→Doctor Explains Why Pro-Dairy USDA Dietary Guidelines Are Racist：https://bit.ly/3fMvaaz
→Dupuis, E. (2002). Nature's Perfect Food: How Milk Became America's Drink. New York; London: NYU Press. Retrieved November 12, 2020, from：http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qfmj5
→Freeman, A. (2013). The unbearable whiteness of milk: Food oppression and the USDA. UC Irvine L. Rev., 3, 1251.
→Got milk? How lactose tolerance influenced economic development：https://to.pbs.org/36eEAIP
→Got Milk? Neo-Nazi Trolls Sure as Hell Do：https://bit.ly/39sODMB
→Got Nazis? Milk Is New Symbol Of Racial Purity For White Nationalists：https://bit.ly/2JiNigi
→How the alt-right uses milk to promote white supremacy：https://bit.ly/3fKh8Gl
→Is milk healthy? Canada's new food guide says not necessarily：https://bbc.in/3o1aNtc
→McClure SB, Magill C, Podrug E, Moore AMT, Harper TK, Culleton BJ, et al. (2018) Fatty acid specific δ13C values reveal earliest Mediterranean cheese production 7,200 years ago. PLoS ONE 13(9): e0202807. ：https://bit.ly/3q7rPb0
→Milk, a symbol of neo-Nazi hate：https://bit.ly/2J7iNKB
→Miller, Alex. ‘White Power Milk: Art, Or Real, Or Advertising?’ VICE. 1 June 2011.
→Neolithic Europeans were lactose intolerant：https://bit.ly/3lfIHJ5
→No use crying：The ability to digest milk may explain how Europe got rich：https://econ.st/39sOIQp
→Smith, Jack. ‘Milk is the New Creamy Symbol of White Racial Purity in Donald Trump’s America.’ Mic Magazine.
→Stănescu, V. (2018). White Power Milk’: Milk, Dietary Racism, and the ‘Alt-Right. Animal Studies Journal, 7(2), 103-128.
→The Troubling Link Between Milk And Racism：https://bit.ly/39nF1CM
→Valenze, D. (2011). Milk: a local and global history. Yale University Press.
→Why humans have evolved to drink milk：https://bbc.in/39o7ckH
→WHY IS MILK BEING CALLED A WHITE SUPREMACIST SYMBOL?：https://bit.ly/33nN2Uo
→Why White Supremacists Are Chugging Milk (and Why Geneticists Are Alarmed)：https://nyti.ms/3fIt7nT
→Wiley, A. S. (2007). Transforming milk in a global economy. American Anthropologist, 109(4), 666-677.
→Wiley, A. S. (2015). Re-imagining milk: Cultural and biological perspectives. Routledge.

【 延伸閱讀 】

→臺灣乳牛與飲乳文化：https://bit.ly/36cd5Qc



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It's a serious question! A lot has changed in the Chinese Automotive industry since I bought my Chinese car 8 years ago, come and find out if Chinese cars can now stand up to their international competition.

The automotive industry in China has been the largest in the world measured by automobile unit production since 2008. Since 2009, annual production of automobiles in China exceeds that of the European Union or that of the United States and Japan combined.

The traditional "Big Four" domestic car manufacturers are SAIC Motor, Dongfeng, FAW and Chang’an. Other Chinese car manufacturers are Beijing Automotive Group, Brilliance Automotive, BYD, Chery, Geely, Jianghuai (JAC), Great Wall, and Guangzhou Automobile Group. In addition, several multinational manufacturers have partnerships with domestic manufacturers.

While most of the cars manufactured in China are sold within China, exports reached 814,300 units in 2011. China's home market provides its automakers a solid base and Chinese economic planners hope to build globally competitive auto companies that will become more and more attractive and reliable over the years.

China's automobile industry had mainly Soviet origins (plants and licensed auto design were founded in the 1950s, with the help of the USSR) and had small volumes for the first 30 years of the republic, not exceeding 100–200 thousands per year. Since the early 1990s, it has developed rapidly. China's annual automobile production capacity first exceeded one million in 1992. By 2000, China was producing over two million vehicles. After China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, the development of the automobile market accelerated further. Between 2002 and 2007, China's national automobile market grew by an average 21 percent, or one million vehicles year-on-year. In 2009, China produced 13.79 million automobiles, of which 8 million were passenger cars and 3.41 million were commercial vehicles and surpassed the United States as the world's largest automobile producer by volume. In 2010, both sales and production topped 18 million units, with 13.76 million passenger cars delivered, in each case the largest by any nation in history. In 2014, total vehicle production in China reached 23.720 million, accounting for 26% of global automotive production.

The number of registered cars, buses, vans, and trucks on the road in China reached 62 million in 2009, and is expected to exceed 200 million by 2020. The consultancy McKinsey & Company estimates that China's car market will grow tenfold between 2005 and 2030.

The main industry group for the Chinese automotive industry is the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (中国汽车工业协会).