【國立臺灣大學 109學年度畢業典禮 貴賓致詞】
Commencement Address, National Taiwan University Commencement 2021
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巨大集團 羅祥安前執行長
Giant Group Former CEO Anthony Lo
管校長，羅副校長，各位貴賓，畢業生的家長跟朋友們，還有今天最重要的2021年臺大的畢業生，大家早安、大家好！
首先恭喜你們，今天從全世界最優秀大學之一的臺灣大學畢業了！
在過去幾年，在管校長，以「大學教改」和「國際化」的理念，率領全體師生的努力之下，臺大在全世界的能見度，和各項排名，都有顯著的進步，也讓身為校友的我們倍感光榮。
是不是我們大家一起鼓掌，給自己鼓勵一下好不好！
你們今天剛剛畢業，但是你們已經創造了臺大一項新的紀錄：第一次，沒有傳統畢業典禮的畢業生。這將是你們人生一個非常特別的回憶，也預表了你們未來將會有與眾不同的表現，和非凡的成就。
現在的世界，局勢是在東方跟西方的勢力，彼此對抗而動盪不安。而全世界的經濟活動，也因為科技的突破性創新，而受到很大的影響。不盡理想的、不盡公平的全球化，也將逐漸地變成 全球在地化。而COVID-19肆虐全球的結果，使得臺灣跟全世界，大家的生活型態、社會的結構、經濟活動的節奏都被打亂了，而必須要加以全面的整理跟重新的架構。這當然是一個危機，但是更是一個絕好的機會。所以，將你們迎面而來的，是無數的創新的機會，以及冒險卻令人興奮的全新挑戰。
因為臺灣，這是第一次跟全世界各個國家，同步的站在一個嶄新的共同起跑點上面。所以我要恭喜你們，你們躬逢其會，將要進入一個充滿希望、嶄新的時代。
我是1969年從臺大畢業的，所以我想今天就以我畢業之後的50多年，人生的一些學習和體會，來跟諸位分享，給諸位作個參考。
當我大學畢業的時候，我滿懷抱負，迫不及待地想要大展身手，我當時進入臺灣最大的貿易公司工作，但是我發現我所學的很多東西，只有一些國際貿易的實務跟英文有用，至於其他我所學習到的經營管理的很多知識，恐怕都要等到10年、20年之後，如果我有幸當上高級主管才能派上用場。
更諷刺的是，我是商學系畢業的，但是工作兩年後，我發現我真的不喜歡做商人，我也不喜歡做生意，我有興趣的是做事業。
後來，幸好我有聆聽我心裡面的微弱的聲音，決定踏進自行車業，放棄掉台北最好的貿易公司的金飯碗，而去參加在大甲一個只有38個人的小公司，來追求我的夢想。
那時候許多人認為我腦筋有問題，頭殼壞去，但現在回顧回來，我當時是做了人生一個非常好的決定。
創業的過程飽受艱辛，但是我也學到了很多寶貴的經驗：我首先學到的，是在做事之前，必須要先學做人。
人必須要誠信踏實，不能自私自利，而要利他共好。
要隨時心存感恩，尊重、關切別人。要熱愛這個世界，並且要了解到一個人的能力是有限的，而必須要去建立互信、互助的人際關係；要融入群體、要發揮團隊的精神。
在做事方面，一定要以正面積極的態度，認真努力去工作。 而且不要怕失敗，要勇於接受新的挑戰。因為如果有失敗了，那只是代表說你又更靠近成功一步了。要作中學，學中作，要虛心好奇的終身學習，開拓挑戰、追求卓越。
在這裡，我想要送給大家一個很特別的畢業禮物，就是兩個「成功的錦囊」。
第一個錦囊：不管你做什麼工作，不論你職務的高低，永遠都要站在顧客的立場，來為他們設想，還能做什麼，讓他們能夠得到更多的創新價值。
第二個錦囊：無論作什麼工作，不管你職務的高低，永遠都要站在經營者的角度來為公司設想，要做什麼，才能讓公司更健康，永續經營跟發展。
既使你們把我後面講的很多東西都忘記了，沒關係，但是這個畢業禮物你們一定要記得帶回去，因為這些「同理心」的兩個錦囊，在未來會給你們帶來意想不到的祝福！
其次我體會到，名跟利都是副產品。正產品是你成為什麼樣的人，成就什麼樣的事。當正產品是對的時候，名跟利都自然會來。
所以我鼓勵大家在找工作的時候，不要太計較開始的薪水和待遇。因為事實上，一個新人，在前面三年是很難有大的貢獻的，反過來只是公司發薪水來給你培訓而已。所以選擇一個有意義的行業，找一家你可以學習進步的好公司，這才是重要的。
第三，我學習到 知識不等於智慧。諸位都學有專精，有很多寶貴的知識，但這些知識必須要實際去做才能夠產生經驗，而累積的時候會有不同經驗的反省、學習、跟體會，尤其是從那些失敗的經 驗，才能夠漸漸地凝結成有用的智慧。
我的成長過程分成三段，開始我是一個「I」型的人，我擁有一些經營管理的基本的能力。後來因為工作的需要和我的好奇心，我漸漸地學習到技術開發、製造生產、品牌推廣、全球經營、以及行銷、服務等等寶貴的經驗，這樣漸漸地，我就形成一個「T」型的一個跨界的人才。但是到了我真正找到公司未來的使命跟方向，並且把它跟我的人生目標結合在一起，熱情的、積極去推動的時候，那時候我終於成為一個「十字架」型的一個領導者。
當公司發展得比較穩定之後，我就面臨要如何來替公司規劃願景、使命、定位，跟長期策略。在這個階段，我有一些新的體會：首先，你必須要能夠畫出一個「黃金正三角形」，正三角形是最穩定的，上面是戰略，中間是戰術，下面是戰鬥。先要有正確的戰略，才能衍伸出有效的戰術，再根據這個戰術去貫徹戰鬥的執行。換言之，戰略就是做對的事情，戰術就是對的方法，戰鬥就是用對的方法去把事情做對做好，並且不斷地去持續改善。
想要能夠思考出長期的戰略，就必須要有洞察力。
我很喜歡看地球儀，就是那種在一個架子上面，有一個可以轉動的地球模型。當你把地球轉動的時候，你看到上面每一個地方、每一個國家，它的地理位置、它的自然生態，以及你思考它的歷史的演變跟它的發展，這樣子你就能夠得出一個整體的，跟全方位的一個概念。
在思考長期戰略的時候，很不容易得出一個有突破性的一個創見，它的原因往往是因為「當局者迷」的關係。
所以當我考慮長期戰略的時候，我會把自己設想，好像從一個人造衛星上面，來觀看一個轉動的地球。以宇宙格局的高度，以全球視野的廣度，以歷史演進的長度，這樣子你就能夠以一個「旁觀者清」的姿態和角度，來正面、反面深入思考，這樣子你就可能得到一個突破性的一個解答。「世界的捷安特」跟「全球在地化」的品牌經營—這樣子的策略、願景就是這樣產生的。
另外一種洞察力，是如何推出給人們有創新價值的產品跟服務。這就要時時地站在人文跟科技的十字路口，仔細觀察它們的變化，然後活用科技的進步，為人文潛在的需求，適時地提供最佳的解決方案。捷安特的Cycling世界，就是用這種方法，不斷的推出創新價值的產品。
我們在經營上也有發展出一個特別的理念，那就是「不求第一，要作惟一」。全世界的人這麼多，但沒有兩個人的指紋是一樣的， 所以每一個人都是獨一無二、都是惟一的。可見當上帝造每一個人的時候，祂都有衪特別的計劃，而且也把成功所需要的能力跟要素，已經放在你的心中，等待你取用。所以每一個人不應該只是模仿別人，或者是按照別人的期望來生活，而應該要找出並且發揮自己的天賦，真正做自己，成為惟一，才能夠活出精采的生命。
企業也是一樣，不能隨波逐流，必須要找出什麼才是對的，什麼是合適你的，什麼才是有意義、對這個世界有貢獻的，這個才是惟一。當你精益求精，努力的想要成為惟一的時侯，你才能夠找到真正正確的目標，以及永續生存的價值。如果事事都想為第一，那麼你可能去追求很多不切實際的目標，而被你無法承受的巨大壓力所摧毀。或者，因為不擇手段，最後走上一些錯誤的道路。
在長期追求惟一的過程當中，我也得到兩個重要的體會：當你決心做一件對的事情，而且不屈不撓，勇敢堅持奮鬥的時候，全宇宙的力量都會起來幫助你。另外，把一件有意義的事情，用生命的力量把它作好，你就有可能改變這個世界！
我鼓勵你們，聆聽你們內心深處的微小的聲音，讓它引導你們，去尋找到你們的天賦，了解你們的命定。
不求第一，要作惟一。做你真正的自己，成為惟一。活出你精彩的生命，享受你幸福的人生！
很多人說，生長在臺灣的人，一輩子裡面一定要完成三項挑戰：登玉山、泳渡日月潭、還有騎自行車環島。我覺得這非常有道理。所以我建議大家在畢業以後，在去當兵、就業之前，不妨參加一個自行車環島的旅行團，用九天的時間，仔細的去體會、欣賞寶島臺灣的美好，用自行車的輪胎去親吻，這塊生你長你的美麗大地，就當作是送給你自己的一個畢業禮物吧！
那教授們跟家長們，可能會想說，啊！太可惜了，我畢業的時候沒有騎自行車環島，我現在已經五六十歲了。沒關係，你這個年紀正好來從事人生的壯遊。
我們臺大的校長－管校長，在今年的一月份，就勇敢的完成他夢寐以求的自行車環島的壯遊。我們給管爺一個掌聲好不好？
有人認為臺灣很小、沒有前途，真的是這樣嗎？世界經濟論壇每年都要把全世界的國家的實力做一個調查跟排名。讓我們來看一下臺灣的排名。全世界有235個國家，就面積來講，我們排名第137；就人口來講，第57；就經濟體來講，第21；就整體競爭力來講，排名第11；而創新力，臺灣排名第4。沒錯，臺灣的確不大，但是我們很強，我們可以很有前途！
可預見的，未來的世界將會成為美、歐、亞三區鼎力的這個新局面。就像三個圓圈，各自都以自己的利益為優先，並且彼此長期的競爭、對抗和抵制，但是同時又不得不相互的維持一些必要的連結。而在每一個圈裡面，它將持續的有很多劇烈的改變，就像一個暴風圈一樣。而這三個暴風圈連結在一起，就形成一個所謂完全風暴PERFECT STORM。
最近經濟學人雜誌，把臺灣當作封面，稱臺灣為地球上最危險的地方，但同時又是科技業最關鍵的地方。我個人倒認為，未來臺灣可能是處在一個最有利的地位，就在那三個暴風圈中間的那個颱風眼，也就是這三個圈圈彼此連結交會的中心點。這個地方看起來好像危險，其實是最安全、最有利、又是最關鍵的地方。
當三個暴風圈無可避免的，參與在一個長期的競爭、對抗、跟抵制－這樣一個零和的賽局裡面。那臺灣並不屬於任何一個圈圈，也不需要去參與這些競爭、對抗跟抵制。而可以去想說，我可以在這個關鍵的中心點，替這個世界來提供什麼樣子的創新價值的貢獻。
臺灣過去50年的努力累積了很多技術開發、製造管理、金融資本，社會資源，以及民主法治體制，這些稀有而寶貴的實力。而且如果以全世界作為舞台，那麼，能夠精通中文跟英文、能夠深切的了解東方西方的文化；有專業，又能跨界，謙卑而不自卑，自信而不自大的臺灣人，可能是全世界最優秀的人才。
未來無法被預測，但是可以被創造！30年前，有誰能夠預測到說臺灣會產生世界級的台積電跟捷安特？
台積電秉持著作惟一的理念，以全球晶圓代工的戰略，厚植實力，打造了優質高效的供應鏈，把臺灣變成一個科技島。以臺灣為核心，轉動引領全世界的半導體市場。
捷安特也秉持著作惟一的理念，以世界的捷安特，全球在地化的品牌戰略，帶領A-Team把臺灣變成全世界高級車的中心，又積極的推動Cycling的新文化，把臺灣發展成一個自行車島，以臺灣為核心，轉動引領全世界自行車的市場。
在這裡我也期許我們臺大，也能夠以作惟一這樣子的理念，轉動引領世界，變成全世界最優秀人才培養的最佳搖籃。
未來的50年，臺灣將迎來前所未有最大的機運！所以臺灣是不是應該要脫離過去單純競爭的心態，而來積極的謀求長期的未來生存之道，或者更進一步要問自己：臺灣可以為世界貢獻些什麼？臺灣不應該只是消極的「根留臺灣」，而應該更主動積極的「放眼全球、立足亞太、深根臺灣」。
臺灣過去的50年，那是一個非常艱辛跟特別的階段。很慶幸的，臺灣在那個階段裡面，是屬於勝利的這一組。
現在是應該到了必須要了解過去、深入現在、策劃未來，這個重要關鍵的時刻。要如何的以宇宙格局的高度、以全球視野的廣度、以及歷史演進的長度，衡外情，量己力，來為臺灣重新的定位，重新畫一個正確的戰略、戰術、戰鬥的黃金三角形。讓臺灣能夠真正發揮自己的長處，能夠打造創新價值的優勢，成為惟一、做Only One！要能夠創造一個更安全、更廣闊、更興盛－全新的藍海。臺灣必須要成為世界的好公民，繼續的為全世界做更多、更好的貢獻！
2021的畢業生們，在你們當中有未來國家的領導人、有全球企業的創造者、有在社會各行各業、方方面面的核心人才，所以臺灣未來50年的未來，就掌握在你們手中了。
最後，我想用一位著名科學家的名言來作結尾： Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving. 人生就像騎自行車，要保持你平衡最好的方法，就是繼續不斷地向前進。
你知道這是誰的名言嗎？ 沒錯，就是愛因斯坦！
2021的畢業生們，請你騎上你人生的自行車，勇敢的向前邁進，去開創你獨一無二、精彩無比的新生命跟未來。再一次，恭喜你們，並且祝福你們每一位，將來都能夠有健康、幸福、精彩跟有意義的人生！
謝謝！
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President Kuan, Executive Vice President Luo, Distinguished guests, family, friends, and most importantly, the graduating class of 2021, good morning!
First of all, congratulations! Today, you are graduating from one of the best universities in the world – National Taiwan University!
Over the last few years, President Kuan led the university forward with his vision of “educational reform” and internationalization”. Together with all the faculty and students, NTU has made significant progress in both ranking and global visibility, making us, alumni, extremely proud.
I think we deserve to give ourselves a round of applause!
You are the graduating class of 2021 and already, you have set a new record for NTU: For the first time, there will not be a traditional graduation ceremony. Let this be a very special memory of your life and a sign of the difference you will make in your future with extraordinary achievements.
The world is now in a volatile state where the East and the West are confronting each other. The world’s economic activities are also greatly affected by the breakthrough and innovations in technology. The less-than-ideal and less-than fair globalization will gradually become global localization. And as a result of COVID-19, Taiwan and the rest of the world’s lifestyle, social structure, and economy have been disrupted, and must be comprehensively reorganized and restructured. This is certainly a crisis, but in the midst of every crisis, lies great opportunity. So, what lies before you are countless opportunities for innovation, and exciting new challenges.
Because, for the first time, Taiwan is standing with the rest of the world on a new race-track. Therefore, I would like to congratulate you, you are entering a new era full of hope.
I graduated from NTU in 1969. It has been more than 50 years and today, I would like to share some of my life experiences and insights.
When I graduated from college, I was filled with ambition. I couldn’t wait to make my mark. I joined one of the largest trading companies in Taiwan, where I quickly realized the only materials I learned in school that came in handy are a little bit of international trade practices and English. Much of what I had learned about business management would only be relevant 10 or 20 years down the road, if I was lucky enough to become a senior executive.
What’s even more ironic is that I graduated with a degree in business, but after working for 2 years, I realize I really don’t like being a businessman, and I don’t like doing business. What I am actually interested in is building an enterprise.
Fortunately, I chose to listen to the faint voice in my heart and decided to enter the bicycle industry. I left my position at the best trading company in Taipei to join a small company with only 38 employees in Dajia to pursue my dream.
At the time, many people thought I must’ve broken my skull and gone crazy, but looking back, I have made a great decision in my life.
The process of starting my own enterprise has been very difficult, but I have learned many valuable lessons. The first thing I learned is that before you can do anything else, you have to learn to be a person of good character.
We must be honest, down to earth, selfless, self-serving, and altruistic for the common good.
Be grateful, respectful and caring at all times. To love the world and to understand that one person’s ability is limited and that is necessary to build interpersonal relationships of mutual trust and support; to be part of a group and to play as a team.
When it comes to work, you must work hard with a positive attitude. And don’t be afraid to fail, be brave enough to accept new challenges. Because every time you fail, it just means you are one step closer to success. Learning is an active process. We learn by doing. We must stay open-minded and curious, aspiring to lifelong learning; to explore challenges and pursue excellence.
Here I would like to give everyone a special graduation gift, which are my two tips for success:
First, always put yourself in the customer’s shoes, regardless of what you’re doing or what kind of job title you hold. Think for them, think about what else you can do to create more value for the customers.
Second, regardless of what you’re doing or what kind of job title you hold, always think about the company from the proprietor’s point of view; what can we do to build a healthier company that’s sustainable.
Even if you are going to forget everything I say later, that’ ok. Just remember to take your graduation gift at heart, because these two tips on “empathy “are sure to bring you unexpected blessings in the future!
Later on, I realized that fame and money are merely byproducts. The real product is you, what kind of person you have become and what have you achieved. When the real product is identified, fame and money will come naturally.
So I encourage you, when you look for a job, don’t be too concerned about the starting salary and benefits. Because as a matter of fact, as a newcomer, it is very difficult to make a big contribution in the first three years, so really the company is paying to give you training instead. So choose a meaningful industry and find a good company where you can improve and grow, that’s what’s important.
Thirdly, I learned that knowledge is not the same as wisdom. All of you have learned a lot and have a lot of valuable knowledge, but this knowledge must be practiced in order to produce experience, and in the process of accumulation, there will be different experiences of reflection, learning and empathy, especially from failure, slowly and surely all these experiences will be condensed into useful wisdom.
My personal development can be divided into three stages. I began as a I-shaped person with some basic skills in business management. Later on, due to my job and curiosity, I gained respected experience in technology development, manufacturing, branding, global marketing, and service and thus gradually becoming a T-shape multidisciplinary professional.
However, when I combined the future mission and direction of the company with my life goals, promoting it enthusiastically and actively, that is when I finally became a X-shape transdisciplinary leader.
Once the company became more stable, I was faced with the challenge of planning the vision, mission, positioning, and long-term strategy for the company. At this stage, I had some new insights.
First, you must be able to draw a “golden triangle”, an equilateral triangle is the most stable shape with strategy on top, tactics in the middle, and operations at the bottom. In other words, the strategy is to do the right thing, the tactics is the using the right methods, and operations is using the right methods to excel on doing the right things while constantly improving them.
To develop long-term strategies, it is necessary to have insight.
I enjoy looking at the globe, yes, the spherical model of Earth that sits on a stand and can be rotated. When you rotate the globe, you can see every place and country on it, its geographical location, its natural ecology, and you can think about its historical evolution and development, so that you can come up with an overall comprehensive concept.
When thinking about long-term strategy, it is not easy to come up with a groundbreaking idea, because “men are often blind in their own cause”
Therefore, when I think about long-term strategy, I imagine myself as if I were looking at a rotating Earth from a man-made satellite. With the height of the universe, the breadth of global vision and the length of historical evolution, you will be able think about it from the perspective of an observer, and then you may have a breakthrough. This is how the strategy and vision of “GIANT for the World” and “glocalization” brand management came about.
Another kind of insight is how to introduce the products and services to create additional value to people. This requires standing at the crossroads of humanity and technology, observing their changes carefully, and then using technological advances to provide the best solutions for the potential needs of humanity in a timely manner. This is how GIANT’s Cycling World continues to introduce innovative values to its products.
We have also developed a special philosophy in our business, which is “don’t be the first one, be the only one”. There are so many people in the world, but no two people share the same fingerprints, making each person unique and one of a kind. God created each person with purpose and has gifted us with the abilities and elements needed for success. All of which is in your heart, waiting for you to take them. Therefore, we should not just follow each other’s footstep or live under the expectations of someone else. Instead, we should find and give reigns to our talents, to truly be ourselves, to become the only one and live a brilliant life.
The same applies to businesses, you can’t just go with the flow, we must find what is right and suitable and what is meaningful and contributive to the world, this is what it means to be the only one. When you strive for excellence and strive to be the only one, you will find the right goals and the value of sustainability. If you try to be first in everything, you may pursue many unrealistic goals and either be destroyed by unbearable pressure or resort to doing whatever it takes, and end up on the wrong path.
I have learned two important lessons in my long quest to be the “only one”. When you are determined to do the right thing and you are unyielding and persistent in your struggle, the power of the universe will rise up and help you. In addition, if you do something meaningful and do it well with the power of life, you may change the world.
I urge you to listen to the small voice deep within you and let it guide you to find your talents and understand your destiny.
Do not seek to be the first but to be the only. Be true to yourself and be the only one. Live your life to the fullest and enjoy your life to the fullest!
Many people say that growing up in Taiwan, you must complete three challenges in your lifetime: climb to the top of Jade Mountain, swim across Sun Moon Lake, and ride a bike around the island. I think this is very true. Therefore, I suggest that after graduation, before you go to the military or get a job, you might as well join a bicycle tour around the island and spend nine days to carefully experience and appreciate the beauty of Taiwan. As a graduation gift to yourself, let the tires kiss the beautiful land where you were born and raised.
All the professors and parents must be thinking in regret, “Ah! Too bad! I didn’t ride my bike around the island when I graduated and now I’m already in my 50s and 60s…” But that’s okay! You are actually at the perfect age to start your adventurous life.
Our President of NTU, President Kuan bravely completed his dream bike tour around the island in January this year. Let’s give President Kuan a round of applause!
Some people think that Taiwan is small and has no future. Every year, the World Economic Forum conducts a survey and ranking of the strength of countries around the world. Let’s take a look at Taiwan’s ranking. There are 235 countries in the world and we rank 137th in terms of landmass, 57th in terms of population, 21st in terms of economy, 11th in terms of overall competitiveness, and 4th in terms of innovation. It’s true that Taiwan is not big, but we are strong and we have a promising future.
In the foreseeable future there will become a new situation in which the United States, Europe and Asia will be the three focal regions. Just like three circles, each of which prioritizes its own interests and is in long-term competition, confrontation and resistance, but at the same time has to maintain some necessary links with each other. And in each circle, drastic changes will be endless, just like a storm circle. These three storm circles are linked together to form a so-called PERFECT STORM.
The Economist magazine recently featured Taiwan on its cover, calling it the most dangerous place on earth, but at the same time the most critical place for the technology industry. Personally, I think that Taiwan may be in the most favorable position in the future, right in the middle of the three storm circles, the eye of the typhoon, which is the center point where these three circles are connected. This place seems dangerous, but in fact it is the safest, most favorable, and most critical place.
When the three storm circles are inevitably involved in a long-term competition, confrontation, and boycott - a zero-sum game. Taiwan does not belong to any of these circles, nor does it need to participate in these competitions, confrontations, and boycotts. Instead, situated in this critical position, I should begin to think about what kind of innovative value I can provide to the world.
Taiwan's efforts over the past 50 years have accumulated many rare and valuable strengths in technology development, manufacturing management, financial capital, social resources, and the democratic rule of law system. If the world is our stage, Taiwanese people who are proficient in Chinese and English, who have a deep understanding of Eastern and Western cultures, who are professional, who can cross borders, who are humble but not inferior, and who are confident but not arrogant, may be the best talents in the world.
The future cannot be predicted, but it can be created! 30 years ago, who could have predicted that Taiwan would produce globally renowned TSMC and GIANT?
TSMC is committed to the concept of being the only one, and has built up its strengths with its global foundry strategy, creating a high-quality and efficient supply chain and turning Taiwan into a technology island. With Taiwan as the core, TSMC is leading the worldwide semiconductor market.
GIANT also upholds the concept of "Be the only one" and leads the A-Team to turn Taiwan into the center of the world's premium bikes with the brand strategy of globalization and localization, and actively promotes the new culture of cycling, developing Taiwan into a cycling island and leading the world's cycling market with Taiwan as the core.
Here I also hope that we, NTU, can also lead the world with the concept of being the only one, and become the best cradle for the cultivation of the best talents in the world.
In the next 50 years, Taiwan will have the greatest opportunity ever! Therefore, Taiwan should get rid of the simple competitive mentality of the past and actively seek the long-term survival of the future, or go even further and ask itself: What can Taiwan contribute to the world? Taiwan should not just "secure Taiwan" in a conservative way, but should be more proactive with global outlook and establish a foothold in the Asia Pacific.
The last 50 years, for Taiwan, has been very difficult and significant. Fortunately, Taiwan pulled through and came out as one of the winners.
Now is the crucial moment to understand the past, delve into the present, and plan for the future. We must take the height of the universe, the breadth of our global vision, and the length of historical evolution, weigh the external situation, and measure our own strengths to reposition Taiwan and draw the golden triangle of strategy, tactics, and operations. Taiwan should be able to give full play to its strengths, create innovative value, and become the only one! Taiwan must become a good citizen of the world and continue to make more and better contributions to the world!
Graduates of 2021, among you are the future leaders of the country, the creators of global enterprises, and the core talents in all walks of life, the future is in your hands.
Finally, I would like to conclude with a quote from a famous scientist: Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving.
Do you know who this quote belongs to? That's right, Einstein!
Graduates of 2021, please get ready for your life adventure, get on your bikes and peddle courageously forward to create your own unique and exciting future. Again, congratulations and best wishes to each and every one of you for a healthy, happy, and meaningful life!
Thank you!
詳見：
https://www.facebook.com/NTUCommencement/posts/2718162161807541
.
#臺灣大學 #畢業典禮 #NTUCommencement2021 #貴賓致詞 #羅祥安
maintain三態 在 [分享]指考英文科【單字攻略】篇- 精華區RESIT 的推薦與評價
指考的英文第一部分就是考單字，
通常補習班都會整理一些常考 容易搞混的單字，
例如：
reject 拒絕 eject 逐出 inject 注射 deject 使沮喪
這種看起來差不多的單字，我發現常考在「單字」
和「克漏字」部分。 可惜一般學校老師沒有整理，
只是教課本趕進度…唉～
我自己高中至現在大學也有整理一些，
加上參考大陸高考(即大學聯考)的一些教學文章，
整理了一些 學測、指考 常考的單字，
已教育部公佈的七千字左右為限制，扣除一些較難的單字，
做成這張單字講義。
現在我分享出來。我得申明我只是編輯整理而已。
學測加油！！！
※ P.S. 網路上也有這方面的相關資源，
例如：
https://www.wretch.cc/blog/SnoopyYang&article_id=25533524
以下大概有五十幾頁，
WWW 版可以去看我朋友的網頁
https://www.wretch.cc/blog/SnoopyYang&article_id=25542765
或是利用 轉寄信箱。大寫 F
★英文單字攻略★
一、arise, rise, raise, arouse
▲ Rise v.i. 升起 (rose, risen)
rise指具體事物的“上升”，“升起”，也是不及物動詞。如：The sun rises in
the east.（太陽從東邊升起。）
She rises before it is light.
▲Raise v.t. 舉起 (raised ,raised)
raise salary 調高薪水
raise hand, 舉手
raise price 漲價
raise children養育小孩
She raised her voice in anger.
▲ arise v.i. 發生； 起源於(from ) (arose, arisen)
arise表無形的東西（如困難，問題等）“出現”，“發生”。
Difficulties will arise as we do the work.
▲ Arouse v.t. 喚起 (aroused, aroused)
二、marry 結婚 v.t.
用法，不能說 marry with 某人
(1) get married to 某人
His oldest girl got married last month.
(2) be married (結婚)
How long have you been married?
三、alter， change
作不及物動詞時，兩者可通用。
作及物動詞時，alter是對局部，表面的改變，而change則是對本質的，全面的，徹
底的改變。如：Can you alter the dress？ （你會改做這件衣服嗎？）Can you
change the dress？（你能給我更換這件衣服嗎？）
四、.altogether， all together
altogether總計，總共。如：Altogether there are six of us. （我們總計六人。
）
all together 全都在一起。如：We played the game all together. （我們大家都
一起來玩遊戲吧。）
五、amaze， astonish， surprise
都可作及物動詞，意思相近，一般都是以事物作主語，人稱作賓語。
amaze強調“使驚訝”，有時還有“驚歎”，“佩服”等意。
astonish表示“使大吃一驚”，“幾乎使人無法相信”之意。
surprise只表“出乎意料之外”。
六、among， between
among 在……中間（三者或三者以上之間）。如：Our house is hidden among
trees.
between在兩者之間。如：It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a
Chinese.
七、.announce， declare
announce指宣佈公眾期望或與公眾有關的事情，含有預告的意味。如：The
government announced that they would pay their debts. （政府宣佈將償還債務。）
declare指正式負責地宣佈，聲明，通常用於莊重的場合。如：The judge declared
him guilty.（法官宣佈他有罪。）
八、.annoy， bother， trouble， disturb
annoy指外界的幹擾令人討厭或無法忍受，或指某人故意去妨礙別人。
bother打擾，麻煩，指給人行動帶來不便或身心上帶來痛苦。如：May I trouble
you with a few questions？
disturb打擾，擾亂，指使正常秩序或一時的安定受到破壞，精力一時不能集中。如
：I am sorry to disturb you.
九、answer， reply， respond
用作動詞，都可表“回答”，“答復”。
answer是常用詞，後可接letter（回信），question（回答問題），doorbell（開門
），telephone（接電話），advertisement（應徵廣告）等。
reply較正式，一般只作不及物動詞，可與to連用。如：He has replied to my
letter.（他回答了我信中提的問題。）
respond作“回答”解，用得較少，也同to 搭配。如：He quickly responded to
the question. （他很快就回答了問題。）
另外，respond還可表“對……反應”，“回應”。
十. assure， ensure， insure
assure以十分肯定的語氣向別人保證某事一定會發生，後需連用人稱代詞或指人的名
詞作賓語。
ensure表普通的“保證”。
insure表“保險”，有時同ensure可以換用。
十一、awake， wake， waken
都可作動詞。
awake既可及物，也可不及物，多用於比喻。
wake常指“睡醒”，多為不及物動詞。
waken多用作及物動詞，常指“吵醒”，“驚醒”。
十一、await， wait
await是及物動詞。如：I await your further instructions.
wait“等”、“等候”，是不及物動詞，後常接介詞for.如：I will wait for you
at the school gate.
十二、award， prize， reward
award， reward作動詞。award意為“授予（獎品，獎金等）”，後面可跟雙賓語；
reward意為“報酬”，“酬謝”，只能跟人或以人的行為作賓語。
award， prize， reward作名詞時，award常指獎金，獎品；prize多指在競賽、競爭
中獲勝所贏得的獎；reward則指為某項勞動或行為所付的酬金。
十三、base， basis
base表事物的下部的底部，多用於具體事物。
basis多用於比喻，主要指命題的基礎。如：His ideas have no basis in reality.
（他的意見缺乏現實基礎。）
十四、beat， win
beat表在比賽和戰鬥中打敗對手，後接對手作賓語。
Win作及物動詞時，其賓語為遊戲、比賽、戰鬥、獎金等名詞。如：He has won the
race.（他贏得了賽跑的勝利。）
43. beneath， below， under
beneath表示同表面接觸，與on 相對。Below表示“在下面，低於”，與above相對。
under表示“在……正下方”與over相對。
十五、beside， besides
beside在……旁邊。如：Come and sit beside me.
besides除……之外。如：I have two other umbrellas besides this one.
十六、borrow， lend
borrow借入。如：Can I borrow your pen for a moment？
lend把……借給。如：Can you lend me your bike？
十七、bring， take
bring帶來。如：Bring me some water， please.
take拿走。如：Shall I take some flowers when I go and see her？
十八、inject★object★objective★reject★project★subject★subjective
inject〓(往裏投)v.注射、打針，注入（新想法、感情）。 計畫、專案 n.
◎I hope the new teacher can inject some life into that class.
我希望新的老師能給那個班級注入一些活力
◎inject a remark into the conversation插嘴
object〓（偏離投擲）反對v. 物體、目標 n.
◎I’ll go ahead if no one objects
要是無人反對我就繼續進行
◎I object against him that he is too young for the position.
我反對他，是因為他不適合這個職位
objective〓adj.客觀的 目標n.
◎The reporter gave an objective analysis of the political situation.這個記者
對政治形勢做了客觀的分析
reject〓(往回投擲)v.斷然拒絕（一個計畫、建議），引申為排斥
次品n.
◎The techers voted to reject the government’s pay offer.
教師投票表決，拒絕接受政府提出的工資議案
project〓（往前投擲）v.突出、投射，放映，預計。
Projector投影儀
◎They are projecting a new factory.
◎Pictures of earthquake were projected on a screen.
地震的畫面被投射到了螢幕上
◎The balcony projects out beyond the wall of the house.陽臺從房子的牆壁上突出
來。
◎The government projects that the defence budget will increase by 20% .政府預
計國防預算將增長百分之二十。
[相關搭配] project…on把……投射到
subject〓（向下投擲）使服從、易遭受/征服v.
主題、學科、臣民 n.
[相關搭配]
subject sb to sth使某人遭受不愉快之事
◎He subjected us to unpleasant walks in the cold.
他讓我們在寒風中散步
subject to取決於
◎Our plans may change subject to the weather.
subjective〓adj.主觀的
◎This is a very subjective judgment of her abilities
這是對她的能力一個非常主觀的判斷
十九、consistent, constant, continual, continuous
consistent一致的，符合的。如：His action is always consistent with his
words.
constant不斷的，表示持續和慣常的重現，往往沒有變化。如：He attributes his
health to his constant exercise.
continual頻頻的，不停的，時斷時續，中間可有間歇。如：Continual smoking is
bad for health.
continuous不斷延伸的，連續不斷的，強調中間無間斷。如：Everything in the
universe undergoes continuous development and change.
二十、sense★senseless★sensible★sensibly★sensitive★sentimental★sensation
★sensational★sensuous★sensual
sense〓n.感覺，感官,有道理的
◎When you have a cold,you sometimes lose your sense of smell.
[相關搭配]
a sense of direction方向感
a sense of humour幽默感
make sense of/out of sth理解某事物
in a sense/in one sense在某種意義上
talk sense/talk nonsense說話有道理/說話沒道理
there’s no sense in沒有道理
◎there’s on sense in going by boat when the plane is just as cheap and much
quicker.
乘船去是沒道理的，因為坐飛機是又便宜有快。
senseless〓愚笨的，無目的的，不省人事的
sensible〓adj.有知覺的，可感知的；明智的,通情達理的。
◎The patient was speechless but still sensible.
病人雖然不能說話但仍然有知覺。
◎It is sensible of you to leave this company you can easily find a position
in a large one.
◎a sensible wife
[相關搭配]be sensible of 覺察到
sensibly〓adv.通情達理地
◎You acted very sensibly.
sensitive〓adj.敏感的。反義詞insensitive sensibility n.
◎This film is sensitive to light.這種膠片對光很敏感。
sentimental〓adj.多愁善感的，感傷的。
◎The novel has scenes full of love and loss，it is so sentimental!
這部小說有多處場景充滿愛情的悲歡離合，真是感傷啊！
sensation〓n.激動，轟動，聳人聽聞
◎The opera has been a great sensation nationwide.
這部歌劇在全國範圍內引起了轟動！
sensational〓adj.聳人聽聞的，令人激動的。
◎I read a sensational story about a ten-year-old mother.我聽到一個聳人聽聞的
故事：十歲女孩做媽媽。
sensuous〓adj.舒服的
◎The cat stretched itself with sensuous pleasure.
貓貓舒服的伸展身體。
sensual〓adj.性感的
二十一、effect★effective★effectual★efficient★efficiency
effect〓n.結果、影響
◎The advertising campaign didn’t have much effect on sales.
這個廣告對銷售額並未起多大的作用。
[相關搭配]
in effect有效，在實施
◎The rules will remain in effect untill October.
這些條例到10月份為止仍然有效。
Come into effect生效
◎The rules will come into effect on Monday.
若effects則表示“財物”的意思
effective〓adj.有效果的（產生預期的）。反義詞ineffective
◎The mayor took effective measures to settle this problem.
市長採取了有效措施解決這一問題。
effectual〓adj.[正式]收效的，奏效的。反義詞ineffectual
efficient〓adj.有效率的。反義詞inefficient
◎Taking bicycle is four times as efficient as walking.
騎自行車的效率是步行的4倍。
◎She is a quick,efficient worker.
efficiency〓n.功效，效率
二十二、tribute★attribute★contribute★distribute
tribute〓n.貢獻、禮物、稱讚
◎pay tribute to……向……表示敬意
attribute〓attribute……to把……歸功於，把……咎於
◎attribute one’s success to good luck.
◎He attribute it to working hard.
contribute〓v. 捐獻，捐助，貢獻,有助於；投稿
contribute to doing/sth為……做貢獻，有助於
◎Contribute some money to the Red Cross.
◎I’m sure you suggestion will contribute to soloving the problem.
我確信你的建議有助於解決這個問題。
◎How much does each worker contribute to the products he is making?
每個工人對他所生產的產品有多大的貢獻？
distribute〓vt. 分發，分配，分佈
distribute sth to
◎distribute the apples to the childrens.
二十三、live★lively★alive★living
live〓 要考的話即考adj./adv.詞性◎現場直播的，有生命的。只能做定語，用於修飾物
。
◎a live broad-cast現場直播
be broad-cast live 以現場直播的方式
Live fish
[相關搭配]
live off依賴
live on 以……為生
◎For a time,they had to live on wild fruit.(野果)
live out 活過，活出（夢想） live out one’s dream
live through 度過，經受住
live up to 遵守（諾言）
live with與……在一起生活/忍受
lively〓 有生氣的，鮮明的，生動的，活潑的。
[構詞法]n.+ly=adj. 另外如lovely可愛的
◎She is as lively as a bird .
alive〓 活的，有效力的，活動的。
表語adj. 另外還有類似於awake/alike/asleep等等都是表語adj. 只能做表語，用於修飾
人。
[相關搭配]
be alive to注意到 be alive with充滿/因……而活沃……
come alive變得有趣、活躍起來
◎He is the greatest man alive.
living〓 活著的，逼真的，強烈的。既可以做表語又可以做定語，既可以修飾人又可以
修飾物
◎She is the living image of her grandma.
A living language仍在使用的語言
真題演練〓The football game comes to you from New York.
A) live B) lively C) alive D) living
譯文：你收看的（美式）足球比賽是從紐約現場直播的。答案是A。
二十四、arise ★rise★ raise ★arouse
arise〓產生，出現。等於appear/come up/turn up
過去式、過去分詞的表現形式：arose,arisen
[相關搭配]arise from 由……引起
arise out of 由……產生
◎New difficulties are constantly arising as we do the work.
當我們做這項工作的時候，新的困難不斷產生了。
rise 〓上升(強調從低位置到高位置)。反義詞：fall
過去式、過去分詞的表現形式：rose,risen
◎The sun rises in the east.
I rose from my seat.
The price of bread has risen by 10% in the last year.
[相關搭配]rise above sth 克服、擺脫
◎She was able to rise above the disadvantages of her family background.(不利
的家庭背景)
rise to the occation應付自如
raise〓1、提高（強調將某物提升至比較高的位置）
◎We raised the ship from the seabed(海底)。
◎raise someone’s hopes喚起某人的希望（通常指不能實現的）
◎raise your voice.
◎raise yourself to your full height 站得筆直
2、撫養/飼養=bring up(raise cattle,raise children) 3、種植 4、籌集(raise funds
籌措資金)
[幫助記憶]“撫養”即“長高”，“籌集”即“增加”
arouse〓 喚醒，引起，激起。
◎His behavior aroused suspicion.
◎Aroused from a deep sleep,he was rather short tempered.他從熟睡中被叫醒，顯
得相當惱火。
區分〓arise與rise為vi. arouse為vt.
Rise為具體的含義 arise/arouse為抽象的含義
真題演練〓
A completely new situation will when the examination system comes into
existence.
A) arise B) rise C) raise D) arouse
這種考試制度一旦出現，將會出現一個嶄新的局面。答案是A。
Our hopes and fell in the same instant.
A) arose B) raised C) rose D) aroused
一瞬間我們的希望升起又落下了。答案是C。
二十五、attain★obtain★pertain★retain★contain★maintain★sustain★detain★
abstain
attain〓vi.(attain to)/vt.到達、獲得（經過努力而成功）；成就attainment
◎He attained the position of company director
他終於當上了公司董事。
◎Is there someone in your whose character or achievements have inspired you
to attain certain goals in life?
在你的一生中是否有這樣一個人，他的性格或成就鼓舞你去達到你生命中的某些目標？
obtain〓獲得、得到
◎To obtain the funds it needed to make these loans.
我們需要這些貸款並獲得資金
pertain〓屬於，關於
retain〓保留，保持
◎She sold everything retaining only a few pieces of furniture.
她只留了幾件傢俱，其餘的東西都賣了
◎She retains a clear memory of the days they spent togeter.
她對他們一起度過的日子仍有清晰的記憶
contain〓容納，包含；容器、集裝箱container n.
◎this bottle contains enouh water for all of us.
maintain〓保持，保養，堅持
◎It costs a lot of money to maintain an old house.
◎Such games maintain their fascination（吸引力） to people.
sustain〓（願意是支撐）使某人維持（強壯、活力）
◎A good breakfast will sustain us through the day.
Sustainable可持續的
Sustainable grow / Sustainable development
detain〓（正式）耽擱、阻止、扣留
◎I mustn’t detain you ,I know you’re very busy.
abstain〓戒除
◎Jack was abvised to abstain from alcohol for a few days.
傑克被勸告戒酒幾天。
[連接記憶]
attain到達◎obtain獲得◎pertain屬於◎retain保留保持◎contain容納◎maintain保養
堅持◎sustain維持◎detain耽擱阻止◎abstain戒除
二十六、preserve★reserve★conserve★deserve★observe
preserve〓vt.保存，保養，保鮮◎Preserve eggs/one’s eyesight
◎The Ancient Egyptians knew how to preserve dead bodies from decay.
古埃及人懂得如何保存屍體不腐爛。
◎The social activities can preserve old people from the loneliness of old
age.
這些社會活動可以使老人免于老年的孤獨感
reserve〓vt.保存，預定，預留（強調未使用） reservoir 水庫
◎Reserve the first for the lesders.
◎Reserve a ticket
◎I need to reserve a seat on the plane.
conserve〓保存，保護（某物不浪費）conservation n.
conservative保守的/保守的人
◎conserve your energy!（精力）
deserve〓vt.應該得到，值得
◎You’ve been working all morning,you deserve a rest.
◎She deserved to win.
◎I don’t deserve you !我配不上你！
◎You deserve it!你活該！
[相關搭配]
◎Deserve doing應受……
◎Deser well/ill of應/不應受到好的對待……
observe〓觀察，注意到
[習題演練]
We’d like to a table for five for dinner this evening.
A.preserve B.retain C.reserve D.sustain
答案選C。
二十七、tend★intend★pretend★contend★extend★attend
tend〓 [tender adj.（指人）溫柔的，（指物）嫩的，柔軟的]
1.趨勢
[相關搭配]tend to do 往往做某事
◎It tends to rain here a lot in spring.
2. 照料，照看
◎The nurses tended to the soldiers’ wounds.
◎Tend the cattle/the store
intend〓（往裏有趨勢）打算做
[相關搭配]intend to do
◎He didn’t intend to cause so much unhappiness.
他並沒有打算弄得不高興
◎Some people believe that nature intended men and women to different
contributions to society.
一些人相信大自然要讓男人和女人為社會做不同的貢獻。
pretend〓假裝
◎She pretended she didn’t know me when I passed her in the street.
當我在街上走經過她身邊的時候她假裝不認識我
contend〓（一起有趨勢）競爭vi.+against sb/with sb
◎They are contending with each other for the party leadership.
他們在相互競爭黨的領導權
extend〓（向外有趨勢）延伸 extension n.延伸出的範圍
◎The hot weather extended into October.
炎熱的天氣要持續到10月份。
attend〓
vi. attend to 1.關注 2.處理=deal with
vt. 出席
◎I have an urgent matter to attend to .
我有一件急事需要處理
二十八、sure★assure★ensure★insure★reassure★measure
sure〓adj.1. 確信的，肯定的 2. 一定的，必然的3. 可靠的，穩當的
[相關搭配]
for sure 確切地，肯定
make sure 查明，務必
sure enough 果然，毫無疑問
assure〓vt.向……保證；使確信（以十分肯定的口氣向別人保證某事一定發生）
assurance n. 保證，確定，斷言
[相關搭配]assure of sth/that
◎Our clients are assured of a trouble_free holiday.
我們保證顧客一定能有一個無憂無慮的假期。
ensure〓vt. 保證，確保（確保某種行動的結果一定發生）
◎We need to change the law to ensure fair treatment for all people.
我們需要改變法律，確保所有人得到公平待遇。
◎ensure sb’s honesty.
insure〓 vt.給……保險以防 insurance 保險（費）n.
◎life insurance 人壽保險，
◎insurance company 保險公司
reassure〓 v.使……安心，使……放心
◎His boss reassured him that his work was satisfactory.
他的老闆讓他放心，說他的工作是令人滿意的
measure〓v.測量，計量，記錄
◎His tailor is measuring him for a new suit.
他的裁縫在給他量體裁新衣。
[assure和ensure的區別]〓
◎The doctor assured him that his child would recover from his illness.
◎To ensure the child’s quick recovery,the doctor gave him an antibiotic.
[assure和insure的區別]〓
◎He insured his house against fire for ten million yuan.
二十八、expel★dispel★impel★compel★repel★propel
“-pel”表示“推動，驅使”
expel〓（向外推）驅逐，開除，趕出
◎Six American diplomats have already been expelled.
六個美國外交官已被驅逐出境
◎I was expelled from school for smoking.
dispel〓驅散，消除
◎His calm words dispelled our fears.
他那鎮定自若的話消除了我們的憂慮
impel〓（向裏推）（思想或情感上）驅使，激勵某人
◎He felt impelled to write to the paper about it.
他覺得非給報社寫信反映此事不可
[相關搭配]impel sb to do sth.激勵某人做某事；
compel〓強迫某人做某事，脅迫，迫使。
◎An excellent director will not compel abedience from his subordinates.
一個優秀的主管不會強迫下屬服從（自己）
◎My father compelled us to stay indoors.
◎compel sb to one's will強迫人服從自己
repel〓（向回推）排斥
◎The smell repels me.這氣味使我感到厭惡
二十九、
salary★pay★payment★income★wages★fee★earnings★proceeds★revenue★charge
★tariff★toll★fund★funds★tuition
salary〓每月由公司存入個人帳戶的薪水（尤指專業人士）
◎I get a good salery.
pay〓工資一般用詞
[相關搭配]in the pay of 被（某人）雇傭
payment〓支付、付款
◎I enclose a cheque in payment of my account.
我附上一張支票以支付帳款。
income〓較長時期內的收入，可為工資，也可為房租等（常指個人的）
◎Low-income families need government help.
wages〓以現金支付的週薪（尤指手工勞工者）
fee〓小費（為特殊服務支付）
earnings〓工資、薪水
proceeds〓（銷售事件活動的）收入、收益
revenue〓（國家的）稅收，（公司的）收入
charge〓價格、費用、收的費
◎What are the charges like in that hotel.
[相關搭配]free of charge 免費
tariff〓（進口貨物）關稅
toll〓（道路、橋樑的）通行費、使用費
fund〓基金、專款
funds〓資金
◎We’re having a dance to raise funds the new swimming-pool.
tuition〓特指學費
[真題演練]〓
1、As is know to all,.a country gets a(an) from taxes.
A.income B.revenue C.fund D.payment
選擇B
2.The government has decided to reduce on all imports.
A.fee B.charge C.tariff D.tuition
選擇C
二十九、constitute★compose★comprise★make up★consist
constitute〓組成，構成constitution n.憲法，構成
compose〓be composed of由（不同的幾個部分）組成
◎Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen。
水是由氫和氧組合而成的。
◎The price system is a very complex network composed of all the products.
價格系統是一個由所有商品組成的複雜網路。
comprise〓包括，由……組成
◎The school staff（教職員工） comprises ten teachers.
◎Women teachers comprise 15% of the teaching staff.
女教師占教師總數的15%
make up〓組成構成（某事物）
◎Society is made up of lots of different groups of people.
consist〓consist of sth 組成
*永遠無被動形式，必須前面是整體，後面接個體
◎The city of New York consists of five boroughs.（行政區）
◎Each material of the course consists of an introduction and a text.
這個課程每份材料都由一個引言與正文組成
三十、abstract★attract★distract★contract★extract★retract★subtract “
-tract”表示拖、拉；tractor拖拉機
abstract〓v.提取出 adj.抽象的 n.（文章的）摘要
“abs-”做首碼表示“抽取”
◎Abstract some mineralout（礦物質） of ore（礦石）.
◎Beauty itself is abstract.美本身就是抽象
[相關搭配]in the abstract抽象地，理論上
attract〓vt.吸引（某人） n. attraction
◎She was attracted by his smile
◎Attract attention.
distract〓（使）分散注意力，（使）散心，快樂
◎She was distracted fromher work by the noise outside.
◎I took YY out for the day to distract himself.
我帶丫丫出去消遣了一天。
contract〓vi.收縮擠壓，（使）相互牽制，訂立合同 n.合同
◎Metal contracts as it becomes cool.
金屬冷卻時會收縮。
extract〓vt.（費力地）抽取，摘錄 n.截選
◎She extracted some papers from the file.
◎He has extracted out of that pamphle a few notorious falsehoods.
他從那本小冊子上摘錄了幾條臭名昭著的謊言。
retract〓收回，撤退
◎I would like to my previous remark.
我要收回我說過的話。
◎YY retracted his claws when I screamed.
當我尖叫一聲，丫丫收回了他那小爪子。
subtract〓減去 n. subtraction
◎subtract……from從……中減去
三十一、
translate★transaction★transcend★transcription★transfer★transform★
transient★transmit★transparent★transpire★transplant★transport★transition
translate〓v.1. 翻譯 2. 解釋，說明 3. 使變成，轉變為
translation n.譯文 translator n.翻譯者 口譯interpret
◎The book was translated from French into English.
這本書有法語譯成英語
◎A politician should translate ideas into action.
政治家應該把政治觀點付諸實踐。
◎The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been
constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another
cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth’s
interior.
攜帶這些大陸的板塊的相對運動已經能夠被詳細地闡述出來，但一個板塊相對另一板塊的
運動還不能輕易地解釋為它們相對於地球內部的運動。
transaction〓n. 1. 交易 2. 處理，辦理之事
transcend〓vt.[文]超越， 勝過（界限）
◎The wish for peace transcended political differences.
人們對和平的願望超過了政治上的分歧
transcription〓n.講話的，文字記錄，抄寫， 抄本
transfer〓vt.調動，轉換，遷移
[相關搭配]transfer sb from A to B
◎The office was transferred from Belfast to Dublin.
辦事處從貝爾法斯遷至都柏林
◎The money will be transferred to your account.
transform〓vt. 1. 徹底改變（形狀、外表、性質）2. 改造，變革3. 轉換，
[相關搭配]transform from A into B 從A狀態轉變為B狀態
◎The area of wasteland was transformed into a park.
◎New work and new encironment transformed his character.
◎I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “
having it all,” preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the
page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of
everything.
我已從一個“獲得一切”哲學（琳達‧凱茜過去七年中在《她》這本雜誌所宣揚的）的狂
熱支持者，變成了一個知足常樂的女人。
transient〓adj.短暫的
transmit 〓vt. 1. 傳送，傳遞(電信號、資訊、新聞) 2. 傳播，傳染
transmission傳播 ，傳佈n.
◎transmit a disease/news
◎How is the disease transmitted?
transparent〓adj.1. 透明的 2. 顯然的
◎Glass is transparent.
◎His honesty was transparent.
◎Connected to a wave-front sensor that tracks and measures the course of a
laser beam into the eye and back, the aluminum mirror detects the
deficiencies of the cornea, the transparent protective layer covering the
lens of the human eye.
鋁鏡連接著一個波前感測器◎它跟蹤和測量進出眼睛的雷射光束的光程◎可以發現角膜(
覆蓋在眼睛晶狀體上的透明保護層)的缺陷。
transpire〓v.1. （晚些時候）洩露，漸被人知 2、發生
◎It later transpired that the minister had lied about the money in
parliament.
人們後來知道部長在國會上就那筆款項撒了謊。
◎Let’s wait and see what transpires.
我們等著瞧會發生什麼
transplant 〓v.1. 移植(苗，皮膚等) 2. 移民，遷移3.運輸
n.器官的移植手術
◎He was undergo a heart transplant.
transport〓v.傳送，運輸 n.運輸
◎The transport goods by air is very costly.
◎I’d like to go to the concert,but I’ve no transport.
transition〓轉變、過度
◎We hope there will be a peaceful transition to the new system.
我們希望能和平過度到新的制度
【習題演練】
American football and baseball are becoming known to the British public
through televised from the United States.
A.transfer B.deliveries C.transportation D.transmissions
選D。
三十三、infuse★confuse★profuse★defuse★refuse★diffuse★transfuse
“fuse”做詞根代表“導”的意思
infuse〓灌輸、輸入 infusion n.
◎an infusion of ideas.心思想的灌輸
confuse〓使迷惑，使混淆vt. confusion n.
◎So many questions confuse me.
◎Stop trying to confuse matters and listen!
別把事情弄亂，好好聽著！
◎I’m always confusing John with his twin brother.
【In confusion】處於混亂狀態
profuse〓adj.大量的
◎She offered her profuse thanks.她再三道謝
defuse〓vt.平息怒火，拆除爆炸
◎The expert defused the bomb just in time.
◎Defuse a situation.
refuse〓拒絕，謝絕 （reject斷然拒絕）
◎He asked her to marry him but she refused.
◎The refused me an extension of my visa.
diffuse〓（正式）傳播、散佈
transfuse〓移注 transfusion n.
◎transfuse blood to 輸血
◎The driver had to have a blood transfusion after the accident.
press★compress★depress★express★impress★oppress★suppress
press〓vt.壓迫,壓，按 n.報刊，出版社
pressure n.壓力 pressing adj.緊急的，急切的
【press on】加緊進行
◎press conference 記者招待會
◎To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on
deeper atmospheric and oceanic research.
為了成為地球上有責任心的一員，我們必須積極推進對於大氣和海洋的深入研究。
compress〓vt.壓縮，壓緊 compression n.
◎we can compress air.
◎He comoressed his idea into one sentence.
depress〓vt. (sb)使沮喪，使低沉;(econemy)使蕭條，不景氣
depression n.沮喪;蕭條，經濟蕭條時期
◎Bad weather always depress me.
◎A rise on oil prices depresses the car market.
◎The threat of war has pressed business activity.
戰爭的威脅使經濟蕭條。
express〓vt.表示，表達 expression n.措辭，表達，表情
◎I can’t express how grateful I am.
◎Express yourself 表達自己的感情
impress〓vt.(sb)給某人以印象(sth)給某物以刻痕
impression n.印象impressive adj.感人的，給人深刻印象的
【impress sth on/upon one’s mind】把……印在腦子裏
【impress sb with】給某人留下……印象
◎The scenery is strongly impressed on my mind.
◎I’m very impressed with the scenery.
oppress〓vt.壓迫，壓制（某人），使（某人）擔心、難過
◎The threat of war oppressed us all.
suppress〓vt.壓制，鎮壓(sb);取締(sth)=repress(側重壓抑感情)
◎She smiled,suppressing her anger.
◎Armed opposition to the government was quickly suppressed.
三十四、perceive★deceive★conceive★receive
perceive〓感覺到，察覺（某事物），理解認為 perception n.
◎a growing perception.
◎He perceived that he was unwelcome and left.
◎I couldn’t perceive any difference between the two sounds.
◎The new tax is perceived as an attack on the poor.
新稅法被認為是對窮人發起攻擊。
deceive〓欺騙 deception n.
◎He decieived her from their first meeting.
他第一次見面就欺騙了她。
◎deceive sb. with fair words
用花言巧語欺騙某人
◎He that once deceives is ever suspected.
[諺]騙人一次, 受疑一世。
conceive〓想像出，想出主意 conception n.=concept
◎I have no ceonception of ……對……義務所知，不懂
◎It’s difficult to conceive of living without electricity.
很難想像生活中沒有電會是什麼樣子
◎Scientists first conceived the idea of the atomic bomb in the 1930s.
科學家在二十世紀三十年代首次有了原子彈的構想。
receive〓收到/收據；招待 ;經受，遭受 reception n.
◎Did you receive my letter?
◎During the fight ,he received a blow on the head.
◎receive an invitation/a letter from sb.
接到某人的邀請函[信]
[receive與accept ]
receive 著重“行為本身”
accept著重“接受者經過考慮以後願意接受”, I accepted the invitation.我接受邀請
。
三十五、
accident★incident★coincide★event★affair★occurrence
accident〓n.1.事故 2. 意外，偶然的事 accidental adj.意外的，偶然的
◎Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning
labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident.
公司因此感到了威脅，便做出了反應，寫出越來越長的警示標識語，力圖預先標明種種可
能發生的事故。
[by accident偶然]
◎We met by accident.
incident〓n.1.瑣事，事件(比event小而不重要的事)2. 大事、突發事件
incidence n.發生率 incidentally 順便說，順便提及
◎the incidence of a disease 發病率
◎I must go now,Incidentally,if you want that book I’ll bring it next
time.我現在必須走了，順便提一句，如果你要那本書，我下次帶來。
◎Last year Japan experienced 2125 incidents of school violence, including
929 assaults on teachers.
去年日本發生了2125起校園暴力事件，其中包括929起襲擊老師事件。
coincide〓vi. 1. 與……相一致，相符 2. 同時發生，巧合
coincidence n. 1. 巧合，巧事 2. 一致，符合
coincident adj.同時發生的；巧合的 2. 一致的；相符合的
◎What a coincident! 真巧！
◎Can this merely be coincidence One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time
enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early.
這僅僅是巧合嗎？按字母表順序排名靠後的人在享受閒暇時光時憑空想出一種理論，認為
這種倒楣事老早就開始了。
event〓事件，比賽項目
◎current events時事
◎track events /field events 徑賽、田賽
◎The article discusses the course of events leading up to her death.
那篇文章討論了導致她死亡的一系列事件發展的過程
【in the event最終，終於=eventully】
【in the event of萬一】
affair〓事件、桃色事件
occurrence〓事件，事情
◎What a strange occurrence!多麼奇怪的事情！
三十六、
assist★consist★insist★resist★persist
assist〓v. 援助，幫助（比help正式）assistance n.協助，援助
assistant n. 助手，助理 adj. 輔助的，助理的
【assist sb with sth 】
【come to someone’s assistance説明某人】
◎Two nurses assisted the doctor in performing the operation.
◎Our organization needs more financial assistance.
consist〓consist of sth 組成consist in 在於，存在於
consistent adj.始終如一的，一致的
*永遠無被動形式，必須前面是整體，後面接個體
◎The city of New York consists of five boroughs.（行政區）
◎Each material of the course consists of an introduction and a text.
這個課程每份材料都由一個引言與正文組成
◎Happiness consists in freedom.幸福在於自由
insist〓 v. 堅持，堅決主張 insistence n. insisten adj.
【insist on】
【if you insist如果你一定要（同意但並非真的想做）】
◎I insisted that he was mistaken.
◎She insisited on her innocence. 她堅持她是無罪的
◎Ok,Ok,I’ll ask my father about it ,if you insist.
◎The government is insistent that industry should be more competitive.政府堅
持工業應該更有競爭力。
resist〓v. 抵抗，反抗 resistance n.抵抗，阻力 resistant adj.
◎He resists any kind of change.
◎Resist the temptatain.
◎There was a lot of resistance to the plan.
◎Many teachers are resistant to new ideas.
很多教師抵制新思想。
persist〓vi.堅持，持續
persistence n.堅持（多用於貶義）persitence of a disease頑疾
【送大家兩個好句子，丫頭超喜歡】
If you wish to succeed, you should use persistence as your good friend ,
experience as your reference , prudence as your brother and hope as your
sentry.如果你希望成功，當以恒心為良友、以經驗為參謀、以謹慎為兄弟、以希望為哨
兵。
I persist,therefor I am. 我堅持，故我在！
三十七、
claim★exclaim★acclaim★reclaim★proclaim★declaim
claim〓vt.要求，索賠,聲稱，主張 n.
◎None of the passengers claimed the suitcase.
沒有人來認領這只箱子。
◎Old people are able to claim a special heating allowance from the
government.老年人可以向政府索取一筆特別的暖氣津貼。
◎Some experts claim the answer to manke workers more productivity is to make
jobs more varied.
一些專家聲稱，工作多樣化能使工人提高生產率。
【lay claim to 生成對……有權利】
◎Five Asian countries lay claim to the islands.
五個亞洲國家都聲稱這些島是自己的領土。
exclaim〓v.呼喊，驚叫 exclamation n.感歎，驚歎
◎The moment Samaranch announced that the 2008 Olympics goes to the city of
Beijing,all Chinese people exclaimed in delight.
薩馬蘭奇宣佈，2008年奧運會將在北京舉行的那一刻，所有中國人都高興地歡呼起來！
◎an exclamation mark驚嘆號
acclaim〓v.歡呼，喝彩，稱讚 n.喝彩
◎The new drug has been acclaimed as the most important discovery for years.
這種新藥被公認是近年來最重大的發現。
reclaim〓vt. 要求歸還，收回；開墾
◎I want to reclaim some of the tax I paid last year.
我想要退回去年交納的全部稅款。
◎This land reclaimed from the sea.
這片地是填海開拓的。
proclaim〓vt.宣佈，聲明 proclamation n.
◎Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people
who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their
eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”
霍夫斯塔特說，掌握我們國家教育體系的人“沾沾自喜地、霸氣十足地公然宣稱敵視才學
，迫不及待地認同那些看來在才智方面最難造就的孩子。”
◎A national holiday was proclaimed.
宣佈全國放假一日。
declaim〓v. 1.巧辯 2.(激昂地)演說 3.朗讀4.譴責
acquire★inquire★require
詞根“quire”表示“問、求”
acquire〓vt.（通過不斷地問、求而）獲得。
◎She has acquired a good knowledge of English.
◎I managed to acquire two tickets for the concert.
【近義比較】
obtain指通過很長時間很大努力獲得期望已久的東西
gain比obtain還要付出更大努力，因此常做“贏得”講。
inquire〓詢問，查詢。inquiry n.
【相關搭配】
inquire sth of sb 詢問
inquire about/upon 查問
inquire after (one’s health) 問候
inquire into 調查
◎He inquired of all that were present.
◎I inquired of him about the way to the station.
◎The authorities are inquiring into the cause of the power failure.
當局正在調查這起停電事故的原因。
require〓vt.需要；要求。requirement n.
◎We require extra help.
[require doing/to be done需要；require sth of sb/of sb要求]
三十八、economy★economic★economical★economically★economics★economist★
economize
economy〓n. 經濟；節約，節省 ；
◎We have to practice economy if we want to save enough money for a holiday.如
果我們想存夠錢去度假，我們就必須節儉。
◎In a long run ,it is an economy to buy good quality goods.
買品質好的產品從長遠來看是經濟的。
economic〓adj. 經濟上的；合算的，有利可圖的
◎Very few experts could come up with completely new solutions to the world’
s economic problems.
極少有專家能提出全新方案來解決世界經濟問題。
◎It’s no longer economic to run trains to the village.
這個村莊再通火車已無利可圖。
economical〓adj.節省的，節儉的
◎A small car is surely economical in comparison with a large one .
小車肯定比大車經濟。
economically〓adv.不浪費地，節約地，節省地，有利潤地
◎She cooks very economically.
◎Is the company economically viable?
economics〓n. 經濟學
◎The economics of national growth are of great importance to all governments.
國家的經濟增長對所有的政府而言都是十分重要的。
economist〓n. 經濟學家
economize〓v. 節約，節省（錢、時間、商品）
◎We could economize on petrol by all going in one car.
我們都坐一輛汽車，這樣可以節省汽油。
三十九、
latitude★longitude★aptitude★attitude★altitude★gratitude
latitude〓緯度,（言行的）範圍
◎Morocco and California are bits of the Earth in very similar latitudes,both
on the west coasts of continents with similar climates ,and probably with
rather similar natural resources.
摩洛哥和加利福尼亞是地球上緯度極為接近的兩個地點，都位於大陸的西海岸，有著相似
的氣候，並且很有可能擁有著極為相似的自然資源。
◎“The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal
column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it
gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however
disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won’t retreat in
the face of any threats.”
他在《華爾街雜誌》一個專欄上寫道，“檢驗任何一個民主社會，不在於它能多有效地控
制各種情感的表達，而在於是否給予了人們思考和表達提供盡可能最廣泛範圍的自由，無
論其結果有時可能會引起多大的爭論和憤怒。”
longitude〓經度
aptitude〓n. （學習方面的）能力，才能，天資(同flair)
◎She has a real aptitude for maths.
attitude〓n. 姿勢，態度，看法
◎I found her attitude very unfriendly.
◎She has a very odd attitude to money.
◎He stood there in a treatening attitude.
他以威脅的姿勢站在那
altitude〓n.高度，海拔
◎They were flying at a low altitude.他在做低空飛行。
gratitude〓n.感激 grateful adj.感激的，令人愉快的
◎I’d like to express my gratitude to everyone involved.
我想對參與此事的所有人表示感謝。
四十、
quality★qualify★qualification★qualitative★quantity★quantify★quantitative
quality〓品質(sb)，品質（sth）
◎The report criticized the poor quality of many TV programmes.
這篇報導批評了許多電視節目品質低劣。
◎She showed all the qualities of a great leader.
她表現出了一位偉大的領導人所應該具備的品質。
【quality time品質時間】
qualify〓v.使品質合格,使有資格，使勝任
◎I came to this school immediately after I had qualified as a teacher.
我取得了教師資格便馬上來到這所學校。
◎Do you qualify for the vote? 你有投票資格麼？
【be qualified for承擔某事合格】
qualification〓資格，資歷,限定條件
◎I have accepted him without qualification.
我無條件接受了他的建議
◎She has the right qualifications for the job.
她有符合該項工作的各項證明材料。
◎Previous experience is not an essential qualification for the job.
以前的經驗不是獲得這份工作的必要條件。
qualitative〓a.定性的，性質上的
quantity〓n.量，數量
◎Sellsdrugs wholesale and in quantity.大量批發銷售藥品
四十一、distinct★differ★dissimilar★diverse★discrepant ★discriminate
distinct〓截然不同的，獨立的
◎there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.這兒卻有
兩個相互獨立的部門,他們隨著時間的變化而日益變得敵對。
◎The party split into two ditinct groups.
[as distinct from有別於（用來區分兩樣東西或兩種情況）]
◎That rule only applies to locally recruited teachers,as distinct from those
recruited elsewhere.
那條規則僅僅適用於當地招聘的教師，以便與從別處招聘來的教師有區別
differ〓vi. 不同，與……意見不同；difference n.差別
different汹a. (from) 有差別的differentiate v.區別，區分
◎My opinions are very different to yours.
◎This new drug is quite different from all the athers available.
dissimilar〓a.不相同的，不相似的
◎The two girls are not dissimilar in appearance ;they both take after their
mother.
diverse〓a.（正式）各不相同的，各種各樣的
discrepant 〓a. 差異的 discrepancy n.差異，不符合，不一致
discrepance n. 差異，分歧，殘餘項
◎There is some discrepancy between their two descriptions.
他們兩人的描述有些出入
◎How do you explain the discrepancies in the accounts?
你怎樣解釋帳目中的差異？
◎a discrepancy in the two reports 兩個報告中的不一致之處。
discriminate〓vi./vt. 區別, 差別待遇
◎Discriminate among the options available.辨別這些可用的選擇
四十二、awake, wake, waken
都可作動詞。
awake既可及物，也可不及物，多用於比喻。
wake常指“睡醒”，多為不及物動詞。
waken多用作及物動詞，常指“吵醒”，“驚醒”。
39. await, wait
await是及物動詞。如：I await your further instructions.
wait“等”、“等候”，是不及物動詞，後常接介詞for。如：I will wait for
you at the school gate.
四十三、award, prize, reward
award, reward作動詞。award意為“授予(獎品，獎金等)”，後面可跟雙賓語；
reward意為“報酬”，“酬謝”，只能跟人或以人的行為作賓語。
award, prize, reward作名詞時，award常指獎金，獎品；prize多指在競賽、競爭中
獲勝所贏得的獎；reward則指為某項勞動或行為所付的酬金。
四十四、lay(放) , lie (躺), lie(說謊)
▲ lay放置 laid, laid (三態)
如：Lay the book on the desk.(把書放在桌上。)
▲ lie(躺)的過去式和過去分詞分別為lay, lain。注意過去式lay 和 lay(放置)的原形
一樣。
▲ lie(說謊)的過去式和過去分詞為lied, lied，也就是正常變化，
四十五、literal, literary, literate, literacy
▲literal文字上的，字面的。如：a literal interpretation of a passage(對一段文
章的字面解釋)
▲ literary adj. 文學的。如：literary works(文學作品)。其名詞形為literature
文學。
▲ literary adj. 有文化的(反義詞是illiterate),如：people applying for the
job should be computer literate.(申請這份工作的人應會使用電腦。)
▲ literacy n. 識字
四十六、persist, insist
persist堅持，後面常接介詞in。如：He persisted in carrying on his work in
spite of great fatigue.(他雖然疲倦極了，可仍堅持工作。)
insist堅持，後面接介詞on，也可直接連用that引導的名詞從句。如：He insisted
on my going there with him. (He insisted that I should go there with him.)
四十七、.preserve, conserve, reserve
preserve堅持，後面常接介詞in。如：The ship is equipped with special
refrigerating devices to preserve food for the whole voyage.(船上設有特殊冷藏
設備，在整個航程中保存食物。)
conserve保存，儲藏，強調採取措施精心保護某物，防止不必要的浪費，損失或變化
。如：He is conserving his energy for the last twenty-meter dash.(他正在為最後
20米衝刺保存實力。)
reserve留存(在資金，人力，原料等)，保留(權力等)。如：Reserve enough money
for your home fare.(留足你回家的路費。)
四十八、
sometimes, some time, sometime, some times
詞形相近，但意義和用法不同。
sometimes有時。如：I sometimes play tennis.(我有時打
網球。)
some times有幾次。如：I have been to the Great Wall for some times.(我去
長城有好幾次了。)
sometime某個時候，指過去或將來的不確定時間。如：I will buy a car sometime
in the future.(將來我會買車的。)
some time一段時間。如：I have been a teacher for some time.(我當老師已有些
年頭了。)
四十九、effective, efficient
均可表示“有效的”。
effective常用以指物，強調能產生某種預期的效果。如：effective medicine,
effective method等。
efficient“效率高的”，“有能力的”，用以指人或物，著重有效地利用時間、精
力並取得預期效果。如：The German telephone system is highly efficient. (德國的
電話系統效率很高。)
五十、economic, economical
economic經濟(學)的。如：the economic doctrines of Ricardo(李嘉圖的經濟學說
)
economical節約的，節儉的。如：He is economical of money and time.
五十一、hard, hardly
hard努力地。如：Take it easy. You’ve been working too hard.
hardly幾乎不，簡直不。如：The children can hardly wait to hear the news.
五十二、aboard, abroad, board, broad
aboard 在船(或飛機，車)上。如：I never went aboard a ship.
abroad 副詞，在國外或海外。如：He often goes abroad.
board 為動詞，上(船，飛機，車)。如：The passengers are boarding the plane
now.
broad 為形容詞，寬廣的。如：He has very broad shoulders.
(完)
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※ 編輯: coolneo 來自: 163.13.33.32 (12/12 16:58)
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