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在hiv transmission這個產品中，有17篇Facebook貼文，粉絲數超過7萬的網紅Dr 文科生，也在其Facebook貼文中提到， 《某順勢療法「醫師」繼續為我們帶來嶄新概念》 沒有徵狀=不是「病」 厲害了順勢療法，大概大部分早期的癌症，特別是肺癌、卵巢癌、大腸癌、血癌等等都不是「病」。 不少女性個子宮肌瘤大到15cm都可以完全無徵狀，成舊芒果咁大的腫瘤都實係唔係「病」啦。 醫學有個term叫Asymptomatic，就...

hiv transmission 在 Dr 文科生 Facebook 的最讚貼文

Dr 文科生 By Dr 文科生

2020-07-18 21:31:31 有 672 人按讚
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《某順勢療法「醫師」繼續為我們帶來嶄新概念》

沒有徵狀=不是「病」

厲害了順勢療法，大概大部分早期的癌症，特別是肺癌、卵巢癌、大腸癌、血癌等等都不是「病」。

不少女性個子宮肌瘤大到15cm都可以完全無徵狀，成舊芒果咁大的腫瘤都實係唔係「病」啦。

醫學有個term叫Asymptomatic，就算感染咗HIV變埋AIDS同CD4 <200都可以無symptoms嫁，感染HIV嘅人實係唔係「病」啦。

乙型同丙型肝炎，個肝爛到cirrhosis都可以asymptomatic嫁，又實係唔係「病」啦。

我可以繼續舉多100個asymptomatic但係好嚴重嘅病，不過呢類嘅「醫師」最叻嘅係同你玩文字遊戲，之後等你buy佢套無乜logic嘅概念，再送錢俾佢幫你睇「病」。

呢類偽科學嘅「醫師」好鍾意攞半年來死亡個案同重症數字好少，再+/-話流感殺嘅人更多去反口罩反public Health order同restriction，但永遠唔會同你講香港因為全民口罩、全民洗手、全民WFH咗一段時間先壓低到疫情。不如望下之前乜都唔做嘅美國、意大利同巴西爆成點同死幾多人？

一個仲爆緊嘅pandemic用每百萬人口有幾多人感染過係無大意義，你要睇嘅係佢嘅infectivity、transmission route、virulence同個R0 at a given point of time去判斷有無需再加強或放鬆限制嘅措施。

Oh，同埋我發現呢種大放厥詞嘅人呢，永遠都係not part of the picture，喉又唔係你插、呼吸機你又唔識駁同titrate、藥你又唔會有權限同資格去開同落。明明對respiratory infection同complication零知識但又好鍾意發表高見 😦

Btw，順勢療法打算點醫爆緊嘅肺炎，用順勢療法嘅logic，是咪溝稀d病毒佢叫病人加水飲？

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hiv transmission 在 Dr 文科生 Facebook 的最讚貼文

Dr 文科生 By Dr 文科生

2020-02-27 09:31:52 有 480 人按讚
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未有時間再寫新的HIV文章 （別打臉，會盡快啦）

先loop一loop之前寫過的文章
——————————————————————
性教育《HIV不等於愛滋病》《同性戀不等於愛滋病》《愛滋病不等於世界末日》

發現香港仍然有好多人對愛滋病(AIDS)有好多誤解，所以決定寫一篇關於HIV同AIDS的文

------------------背景資料------------------
1. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

HIV是一種感染人類免疫系統的病毒。感染途徑包括血液、精液和陰道分泌（口水並非一種有效的感染途徑）。HIV會攻擊人類的免疫細胞(CD4)從而令免疫系統逐漸減弱。HIV是極為脆弱的病毒，只要暴露在空氣中就會馬上死亡，所以要感染HIV並非想像中那麼容易。食飯、打波、擁抱、接吻等是絕對無法傳染的。

2. 愛滋病AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

愛滋病是當人類感染HIV之後沒有治療一段非常長的時間之後令HIV病毒廣泛繁殖，大幅感染免疫系統導致免疫力嚴重低下。

所以HIV不等於愛滋病、HIV不等於愛滋病、HIV不等於愛滋病

3. 急性HIV血清轉化(Acute HIV Seroconversion)

Seroconversion是當人類感染HIV後最早期免疫系統開始製造抗體的反應。一般會在感染後1-3星期內出現，患者會出現類似嚴重流感的徵狀包括但不限於以下: 發燒、頭痛、喉嚨痛、疲倦、紅疹、肌肉骨痛、胃口不佳、淋巴腫大

需知道seroconversion的時候一般病徵都會非常嚴重而且以複數出現。所以單一病徵，例如只有發燒的話並不代表感染HIV

*只有大約8成的患者會出現seroconversion，所以就算無任何病徵都不代表沒有受到感染 (注8)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. HIV性交的平均感染風險（已發展國家數據，以高至低排列）(注1，2)
零號肛交並有內射(receptive anal sex with ejaculation): 1.43%

零號肛交但無內射(receptive anal sex without ejaculation): 0.65%

未割包皮一號肛交(insertive anal sex uncircumcised): 0.62%

已割包皮一號肛交(insertive anal sex circumcised): 0.11%

陰道交（女性）(vaginal intercourse, female): 0.08%

陰道交（男性）(vaginal intercourse, male): 0.04%

口交：無論有無口爆，風險都極低
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. 如何減低感染風險？

*感染風險與病毒數量成直接正比，所以愈多精液或其他體液（如血液，陰道分泌）就愈容易受感染。

每次性交都使用安全套是現時最安全的做法
如果口爆的話，強烈建議口爆後把精液吐出或吞下，別讓精液在口內停留（以減少精液所含的病毒量），HIV是非常脆弱的病毒，吞下後會被胃酸殺死。

口交前請勿做口腔清潔，刷牙後最好等１小時後再口交，因為刷牙過程容易在口腔造成微小傷口而增加感染風險。

但有時候慾火焚身的時候又真的可能會不用套，咁點算呢？

現時有兩款主流的風險控制藥物

PrEP暴露前預防藥物(prep exposure prophylaxis): 每天服用，藥效可減低感染風險73-92% (注3-6)

PEP暴露後預防藥物(post exposure prophylaxis): 在暴露風險後（例如無套性交）的72小時內服用，愈早服用愈好，需連續服用28日。

*這些藥物只針對HIV，若果你無套的話你仍然可以感染其他性病

無論你是熱愛無套的同學定還是剛巧無套事後後悔的話，最適合的行動是及早求醫讓醫生給予你最適當的建議和治療。

***如果無套性交後認為有感染的可能性請立即去香港大型醫院急症室，在分流時跟護士說想要PEP，把握用藥的黃金72小時
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. 感染HIV後是否代表從此與性交絕緣？

剛感染HIV時的病毒量會極高，在空窗期間是非常具傳染性，所以如果認為自己有感染的話，請暫時停止性生活及咨詢醫生意見。

感染HIV後一樣可以有多姿多彩的性生活，大前題是及早求醫、及早治療。只要治療效果理想，病毒數量可控制至醫學儀器不能量度的水平。

研究發現只要當病毒數量控制至不能量度的水平時，基本上感染者就變得沒有傳染性，無論你無套、有套、中出、口爆、零號一號、同性戀異性戀都好，感染別人的風險微乎其微，醫學界將風險定義為「可以無視(negligible)」(注7）。所以都係果句，及早求醫、咨詢醫生！
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

醫學昌明，2020年的今日HIV和愛滋病已不再是絕症，不幸感染都不代表世界末日。治療得宜的話預期壽命與常人無異。做個負責任的人，性交時請使用安全套，熱愛無套的話請帶伴侶咨詢醫生，抽血檢查再建議最適當的風險控制措拖。無套都可以無套得無憂無慮。

最後，希望社會各界對HIV和愛滋病不會再有這麼多誤解，從今天開始向歧視說不。

如讀者有任何疑問可以在這裡發問或向醫生查詢。

注
1. Boily MC et al. Heterosexual risk of HIV-1 infection per sexual act: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Lancet Infect Dis 9: 118-29, 2009.
2. Jin F et al. Per-contact probability of HIV transmission in homosexual men in Sydney in the era of HAART. AIDS, published online ahead of print, 2010.
3. PrEX: Grant RM, Lama JR, Anderson PL, et al; iPrEx Study Team. Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. N Engl J Med 2010;363(27):2587-99.
4. TDF2: Thigpen MC, Kebaabetswe PM, Paxton LA, et al; TDF2 Study Group. Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis for heterosexual HIV transmission in Botswana. N Engl J Med 2012;367(5):423-34.
5. Partners PrEP: Baeten JM, Donnell D, Ndase P, et al; Partners PrEP Study Team. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women. N Engl J Med 2012;367(5):399-410.
6. Bangkok Tenofovir Study: Choopanya K, Martin M, Suntharasamai P, et al; Bangkok Tenofovir Study Group. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV infection in injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand (the Bangkok Tenofovir Study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet 2013;381(9883):2083-90.
7. Rodger AJ et al for the PARTNER study group. Sexual activity without condoms and risk of HIV transmission in serodifferent couples when the HIV-positive partner is using suppressive antiretroviral therapy. JAMA, 2016;316(2):1-11. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.5148. (12 July 2016). Full free access. http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2016.5148
8. Martin Hoenigl et al. Signs or Symptoms of Acute HIV Infection in a Cohort Undergoing Community-Based Screening. Full access: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/22/3/pdfs/15-1607.pdf

Tags:
Dr 文科生

About author
90後香港男生 Patreon專欄： https://www.patreon.com/user?u=32901195 Blogger in Meducia 你的健康夥伴 https://www.meducia.com/
67337 followers 60889 likes
View all posts

hiv transmission 在 Dr 文科生 Facebook 的最佳解答

Dr 文科生 By Dr 文科生

2020-02-27 09:31:52 有 486 人按讚
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未有時間再寫新的HIV文章 （別打臉，會盡快啦）

先loop一loop之前寫過的文章
——————————————————————
性教育《HIV不等於愛滋病》《同性戀不等於愛滋病》《愛滋病不等於世界末日》

發現香港仍然有好多人對愛滋病(AIDS)有好多誤解，所以決定寫一篇關於HIV同AIDS的文

-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\背景資料-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\
1. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

HIV是一種感染人類免疫系統的病毒。感染途徑包括血液、精液和陰道分泌（口水並非一種有效的感染途徑）。HIV會攻擊人類的免疫細胞(CD4)從而令免疫系統逐漸減弱。HIV是極為脆弱的病毒，只要暴露在空氣中就會馬上死亡，所以要感染HIV並非想像中那麼容易。食飯、打波、擁抱、接吻等是絕對無法傳染的。

2. 愛滋病AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

愛滋病是當人類感染HIV之後沒有治療一段非常長的時間之後令HIV病毒廣泛繁殖，大幅感染免疫系統導致免疫力嚴重低下。

所以HIV不等於愛滋病、HIV不等於愛滋病、HIV不等於愛滋病

3. 急性HIV血清轉化(Acute HIV Seroconversion)

Seroconversion是當人類感染HIV後最早期免疫系統開始製造抗體的反應。一般會在感染後1-3星期內出現，患者會出現類似嚴重流感的徵狀包括但不限於以下: 發燒、頭痛、喉嚨痛、疲倦、紅疹、肌肉骨痛、胃口不佳、淋巴腫大

需知道seroconversion的時候一般病徵都會非常嚴重而且以複數出現。所以單一病徵，例如只有發燒的話並不代表感染HIV

*只有大約8成的患者會出現seroconversion，所以就算無任何病徵都不代表沒有受到感染 (注8)

-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\
1. HIV性交的平均感染風險（已發展國家數據，以高至低排列）(注1，2)
零號肛交並有內射(receptive anal sex with ejaculation): 1.43%

零號肛交但無內射(receptive anal sex without ejaculation): 0.65%

未割包皮一號肛交(insertive anal sex uncircumcised): 0.62%

已割包皮一號肛交(insertive anal sex circumcised): 0.11%

陰道交（女性）(vaginal intercourse, female): 0.08%

陰道交（男性）(vaginal intercourse, male): 0.04%

口交：無論有無口爆，風險都極低
-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\

2. 如何減低感染風險？

*感染風險與病毒數量成直接正比，所以愈多精液或其他體液（如血液，陰道分泌）就愈容易受感染。

每次性交都使用安全套是現時最安全的做法
如果口爆的話，強烈建議口爆後把精液吐出或吞下，別讓精液在口內停留（以減少精液所含的病毒量），HIV是非常脆弱的病毒，吞下後會被胃酸殺死。

口交前請勿做口腔清潔，刷牙後最好等１小時後再口交，因為刷牙過程容易在口腔造成微小傷口而增加感染風險。

但有時候慾火焚身的時候又真的可能會不用套，咁點算呢？

現時有兩款主流的風險控制藥物

PrEP暴露前預防藥物(prep exposure prophylaxis): 每天服用，藥效可減低感染風險73-92% (注3-6)

PEP暴露後預防藥物(post exposure prophylaxis): 在暴露風險後（例如無套性交）的72小時內服用，愈早服用愈好，需連續服用28日。

*這些藥物只針對HIV，若果你無套的話你仍然可以感染其他性病

無論你是熱愛無套的同學定還是剛巧無套事後後悔的話，最適合的行動是及早求醫讓醫生給予你最適當的建議和治療。

***如果無套性交後認為有感染的可能性請立即去香港大型醫院急症室，在分流時跟護士說想要PEP，把握用藥的黃金72小時
-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\

3. 感染HIV後是否代表從此與性交絕緣？

剛感染HIV時的病毒量會極高，在空窗期間是非常具傳染性，所以如果認為自己有感染的話，請暫時停止性生活及咨詢醫生意見。

感染HIV後一樣可以有多姿多彩的性生活，大前題是及早求醫、及早治療。只要治療效果理想，病毒數量可控制至醫學儀器不能量度的水平。

研究發現只要當病毒數量控制至不能量度的水平時，基本上感染者就變得沒有傳染性，無論你無套、有套、中出、口爆、零號一號、同性戀異性戀都好，感染別人的風險微乎其微，醫學界將風險定義為「可以無視(negligible)」(注7）。所以都係果句，及早求醫、咨詢醫生！
-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\

醫學昌明，2020年的今日HIV和愛滋病已不再是絕症，不幸感染都不代表世界末日。治療得宜的話預期壽命與常人無異。做個負責任的人，性交時請使用安全套，熱愛無套的話請帶伴侶咨詢醫生，抽血檢查再建議最適當的風險控制措拖。無套都可以無套得無憂無慮。

最後，希望社會各界對HIV和愛滋病不會再有這麼多誤解，從今天開始向歧視說不。

如讀者有任何疑問可以在這裡發問或向醫生查詢。

注
1. Boily MC et al. Heterosexual risk of HIV-1 infection per sexual act: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Lancet Infect Dis 9: 118-29, 2009.
2. Jin F et al. Per-contact probability of HIV transmission in homosexual men in Sydney in the era of HAART. AIDS, published online ahead of print, 2010.
3. PrEX: Grant RM, Lama JR, Anderson PL, et al; iPrEx Study Team. Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. N Engl J Med 2010;363(27):2587-99.
4. TDF2: Thigpen MC, Kebaabetswe PM, Paxton LA, et al; TDF2 Study Group. Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis for heterosexual HIV transmission in Botswana. N Engl J Med 2012;367(5):423-34.
5. Partners PrEP: Baeten JM, Donnell D, Ndase P, et al; Partners PrEP Study Team. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women. N Engl J Med 2012;367(5):399-410.
6. Bangkok Tenofovir Study: Choopanya K, Martin M, Suntharasamai P, et al; Bangkok Tenofovir Study Group. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV infection in injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand (the Bangkok Tenofovir Study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet 2013;381(9883):2083-90.
7. Rodger AJ et al for the PARTNER study group. Sexual activity without condoms and risk of HIV transmission in serodifferent couples when the HIV-positive partner is using suppressive antiretroviral therapy. JAMA, 2016;316(2):1-11. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.5148. (12 July 2016). Full free access. http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx…
8. Martin Hoenigl et al. Signs or Symptoms of Acute HIV Infection in a Cohort Undergoing Community-Based Screening. Full access: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/22/3/pdfs/15-1607.pdf

Tags:
Dr 文科生

About author
90後香港男生 Patreon專欄： https://www.patreon.com/user?u=32901195 Blogger in Meducia 你的健康夥伴 https://www.meducia.com/
67337 followers 60889 likes
View all posts
社群媒體上有些相關的討論：

hiv transmission 在 HIV: Transmission, Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment 的推薦與評價

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Want to get the quick facts about HIV? Watch this video to learn about the transmission, symptoms, prevention, and treatment. ... <看更多>

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#1. HIV Transmission | HIV Basics | HIV/AIDS | CDC

Most people who get HIV get it through anal or vaginal sex, or sharing needles, syringes, or other drug injection equipment (for example, cookers).

#2. How Is HIV Transmitted? | HIV.gov

How Is HIV Spread from Person to Person? · Receiving blood transfusions, blood products, or organ/tissue transplants that are contaminated with ...

#3. HIV and AIDS - Causes - NHS

How HIV is transmitted · by injecting into the bloodstream with needles or injecting equipment that's been shared with other people · through the thin lining on ...

#4. HIV and AIDS - Basic facts | UNAIDS

HIV is transmitted through penetrative (anal or vaginal) sex, blood transfusion, the sharing of contaminated needles in health-care settings and drug injection ...

#5. HIV Transmission - NCBI

由 GM Shaw 著作 · 2012 · 被引用 464 次 — HIV-1 is transmitted by sexual contact across mucosal surfaces, by maternal-infant exposure, and by percutaneous inoculation. For reasons that are still ...

#6. Transmission of HIV/AIDS | Stanford Health Care

HIV /AIDS is transmitted through sexual contact, blood, needles, or from mother to infant. It cannot be transmitted through saliva or sweat. Learn more here.

#7. How do you get HIV? - Avert.org

HIV can be transmitted during unprotected sex; through sharing injecting equipment; from mother-to-baby during pregnancy, birth and ...

#8. HIV/AIDS - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

#9. HIV and AIDS: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and More

Transmission — HIV is a virus that damages the immune system. Untreated HIV affects and kills CD4 cells, which are a type of immune cell called T cell. Over ...

#10. HIV/AIDS - Taiwan Centers for Disease Control

When HIV attacks the immune system so serious that the patients can't fight off infections and disease, HIV infection leads to acquired immunodeficiency ...

#11. HIV/AIDS | HIV | HIV Symptoms - MedlinePlus

HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It harms your immune system by destroying a type of white blood cell that helps your body fight infection. This ...

#12. HIV infection: Risk factors and prevention strategies - UpToDate

HIV infection is acquired through sexual intercourse, exposure to infected blood, or perinatal transmission. The distribution of the modes of ...

#13. HIV Transmission Through Breastfeeding: A Study in Malawi

ContextUnderstanding the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission through breastfeeding is essential for advising HIV-infected mothers and ...

#14. How HIV is transmitted | Terrence Higgins Trust

How is HIV transmitted? · blood · semen (including pre-cum) · vaginal fluid · anal mucus · breast milk.

#15. HIV infection and AIDS - ECDC

HIV is a virus which attacks the immune system and causes a lifelong severe illness with a long incubation period. The end-stage of the infection, ...

#16. HIV transmission | aidsmap

The two main ways in which HIV is passed on are unprotected vaginal and anal sex. · Condoms, PrEP and HIV treatment are effective ways of ...

#17. Estimating per-act HIV transmission risk: a systematic revie...

Risk of HIV transmission was greatest for blood transfusion, followed by vertical exposure, sexual exposures, and other parenteral exposures. Sexual exposure ...

#18. HIV infection and AIDS | Health topics A to Z | CKS

HIV infection and AIDS: Summary. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that preferentially infects and destroys cells of the immune system, in ...

#19. High vs. Low Risk Activities for HIV Transmission - Verywell ...

HIV infection can sometimes occur after a single exposure. Learn about the risks of different exposure types.

#20. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) Infection - Michigan ...

The last stage of HIV infection is AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). People with AIDS have a low number of CD4+ cells and get infections or cancers ...

#21. HIV Infection and AIDS: Practice Essentials, Background

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus typically transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drug ...

#22. HIV TRANSMISSION RISK: A SUMMARY OF THE EVIDENCE

This report provides a synthesis of the current scientific evidence on the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated with sexual.

#23. Perinatal (Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission) - Minnesota ...

Frequency of Perinatal HIV Transmission. Without treatment, 25 to 30% of babies born to a mother living with HIV will get HIV. However, if mothers are aware of ...

#24. HIV & AIDS | United Nations Population Fund

Millions of people are vulnerable to HIV infection, and AIDS remains the leading cause of death among women of reproductive age and young adolescents.

#25. HIV and women – having children - Better Health Channel

With medical support, the HIV transmission rate from mother with HIV taking antiretroviral treatment to ...

#26. HIV/AIDS and Socioeconomic Status - American ...

SES Affects HIV Infection. A lack of socioeconomic resources is linked to the practice of riskier health behaviors, which can lead to the contraction of HIV.

#27. HIV Transmission, Risk Factors, and Prevention - Everyday ...

In the United States, HIV is most commonly transmitted via anal or vaginal sex, or through the sharing of contaminated needles, syringes, or ...

#28. HIV/AIDS - Wikipedia

Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection ...

#29. HIV Infection in Health Professionals

Health professionals are not considered at high risk for HIV infection, ... The chances of becoming infected if HIV-infected blood is splashed in the eye, ...

#30. HIV & AIDS: Symptoms, Causes, Tests & Prevention

AIDS is the most severe stage of HIV infection. In this stage, the immune system has been weakened by the HIV virus and is less able to ...

#31. HIV and Pregnancy | ACOG

This patient FAQ presents information about HIV and pregnancy. ... to prevent HIV infection. If I am pregnant and have HIV, can I pass it to my baby?

#32. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection - MSD Manuals

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the MSD Manuals - Medical Professional ...

#33. HIV and AIDS

ROUTES OF HIV TRANSMISSION ... HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse (vaginal, anal or oral). In people following an antiretroviral ...

#34. How is HIV transmitted? | Department of Health website

How is HIV transmitted? ... HIV infected individuals can infect unsuspecting contacts because of their normal looking physique. Spread of the disease happens ...

#35. HIV Transmission | The Well Project

HIV is transmitted, or spread, through contact with the following body fluids: Blood – including menstrual blood and any blood in saliva (spit), ...

#36. HIV infection and AIDS - Healthdirect

This late stage of HIV infection is called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). What are the symptoms of HIV infection? Most people have no symptoms or ...

#37. How Do People Get AIDS? (for Teens) - Nemours KidsHealth

getting tested and treated for STDs (sexually transmitted diseases); having an STD increases the risk of HIV infection. Understanding how HIV spreads can help ...

#38. HIV Transmission

Co-factors, such as genital ulcer disease and high HIV viremia, increase the transmission efficiency of the pathogen. Sexually transmitted epidemics can also be ...

#39. HIV symptoms: Stages, transmission, and treatment - Medical ...

What is HIV? Symptoms; Transmission; Diagnosis; Prevention; Summary. HIV is a virus that targets the immune system. The signs ...

#40. Facts about Drug Use and the Spread of HIV

highest concentrations of HIV-positive injecting drug users are in Eastern ... Other types of illicit drugs are also associated with HIV transmission.

#41. How Do You Catch HIV? - WebMD

... HIV drugs are used, use a condom to cut your chances of the virus passing between you, as well as getting any other sexually transmitted ...

#42. A case series and review of the global literature - International ...

Non-vertical HIV transmission. A B S T R A C T. Background: Vertical transmission is the predominant route for acquisition of HIV infection in children,.

#43. HIV Transmission and Risks - POZ

HIV is transmitted through the following body fluids: Blood; Semen; Pre-cum; Rectal fluids; Vaginal fluids; Breast milk. There are several ways this can ...

#44. HIV Infection in Health Professionals - CS Mott Children's ...

People who have symptoms of early HIV infection and those who are very sick with AIDS tend to have greater amounts of HIV in their blood. Health care workers ...

#45. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection - Merck Manuals

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the Merck Manuals - Medical Consumer Version.

#46. HIV Infection | BioNinja

HIV Infection · HIV specifically targets the helper T lymphocytes which regulate the adaptive immune system · Following infection, the virus undergoes a period of ...

#47. Core Concepts - Preventing HIV Transmission in Persons with ...

The availability of widespread effective antiretroviral therapy has transformed HIV from a fatal infection to a manageable chronic disease.

#48. HIV/AIDS and Human Rights - OHCHR

Data from 2009 shows that the AIDS epidemic is beginning to change course as the ... Central Asian countries, new HIV infection rates have increased by 25%.

#49. HIV FAQ

The likelihood of infection might be increased if there is menstrual blood involved or if the woman is infected with another sexually transmitted disease. The ...

#50. 3. Transmission of HIV | ATrain Education

In extremely rare cases, HIV can be transmitted by sharing razors or toothbrushes, if infected blood from one person was deposited on the toothbrush or razor ...

#51. HIV/AIDS in the Workplace : OSH Answers

AIDS is the most advanced stage of the HIV infection and causes the immune system to become vulnerable to other infections. HIV can also be known as "the AIDS ...

#52. HIV/AIDS - American Academy of Family Physicians

11/15/2019, Screening for HIV Infection and Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection [Putting Prevention into Practice].

#53. Understanding HIV/AIDS | UNICEF Egypt

How can I prevent HIV infection? You can do this through: Good understanding and knowledge of the routes of HIV transmission and avoiding practices that may put ...

#54. Connecticut HIV Statistics - CT.gov

Hetero: Heterosexual contact with a person known to have HIV or a risk factor for HIV infection · PWID: Current or history of injection drug use · MSM: Men who ...

#55. Mechanisms of HIV Transmission - Oxford Medicine Online

HIV is a sexually transmitted infection. Most new HIV infections in the United States are the result of sex, but it is rare for HIV to be transmitted ...

#56. HIV / AIDS - Our World in Data

An infection with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency ...

#57. On the efficiency of HIV transmission: Insights through discrete ...

In an HIV infection, both forms of transmission occur concurrently [1, 2] such that the within-host HIV infection is best modelled by a model ...

#58. FAQs - AIDS Center - Patient Care - Infectious Diseases - URMC

Transmission · How is HIV transmitted? · Does everyone who is exposed to HIV get infected? · Why is injection drug use a high-risk activity for HIV infection? · Can ...

#59. HIV and AIDS | Johns Hopkins Medicine

AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, which kills or impairs cells ... The term AIDS applies to the most advanced stages of an HIV infection.

#60. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Fact Sheet - City of ...

HIV is transmitted through specific exposure to blood and/or body fluids from a person infected with HIV. The most common types of exposure include:.

#61. HIV: Transmission, Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment

Want to get the quick facts about HIV? Watch this video to learn about the transmission, symptoms, prevention, and treatment.

#62. HIV transmission by human bite: a case report and review of ...

PEP was missed in this presented case. Introduction. Counselling about post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for prevention of HIV infection following ...

#63. HIV Infection, AIDS, and Cancer

People with HIV infection or AIDS are at higher risk for some types of cancer than people who are not infected. Here we will discuss the risks of certain ...

#64. Ways that HIV is not transmitted | Guides

They come from a lack of confidence in understanding HIV transmission. You can NOT catch HIV from: Eating any food, cooked or uncooked, ...

#65. Congenital HIV Symptoms & Causes - Boston Children's ...

For more information about how congenital HIV is treated, as well as how the risk of passing the infection to your baby can be reduced, see the Treatment ...

#66. Decreased HIV Transmission after a Policy of Providing Free ...

Abstract. Background. Taiwan established a nationwide surveillance system for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in 1989 and adopted a policy to ...

#67. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection and its ...

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the main mode of HIV transmission in children under 15 years old. This problem is significant in the ...

#68. HIV Infection - NC DPH

N.C. Communicable Disease Branch page on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Includes information about the disease as well as prevention and ...

#69. HIV Transmission and Risk: Separating Fact From Fiction

They announced that the virus that causes AIDS was most likely “transmitted sexually or, less commonly, through contaminated needles or blood,” ...

#70. HIV infection fact sheet - NSW Health

HIV is a virus that damages the immune system. It is transmitted through body fluids. Treatments are available for HIV infection, ...

#71. HIV transmission - Freddie

How is HIV NOT transmitted? Any fluids that were not mentioned above do not carry enough HIV to transmit the infection. HIV cannot be ...

#72. Transmission of HIV - VAWnet.org

HIV is much more easily transmitted from a penis to an anus or a vagina. In a study by CATIE, research shows that people with vaginas are twice as likely to ...

#73. End to Aids in sight as huge study finds drugs stop HIV ...

An end to the Aids epidemic could be in sight after a landmark study found men whose HIV infection was fully suppressed by antiretroviral ...

#74. HIV Infection and Cancer Risk

HIV Infection and Cancer Risk ... Do people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of cancer?

#75. Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - Department of Health

HIV infection is not transmitted by casual social or household contact with an HIV-positive person. There is no evidence of HIV transmission ...

#76. HIV Transmission, Is it a Crime? | Journal of Ethics

The statute does not require that actual HIV infection take place in order for someone to have committed criminal transmission of HIV. In addition, under the ...

#77. Transmission | AIDS-Hilfe Westsachsen e.V.

HIV is quite a difficult virus to transmit. Infection can only happen when infected bodily fluids come into contact with broken skin or mucous membrane ...

#78. HIV Infections & Transmission - Gay Men's Health Australia

Myths persist about how HIV is transmitted. This section provides the facts about HIV risk from different types of sex, injection drug use, ...

#79. The Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic | KFF

HIV : A virus that is transmitted through certain body fluids and weakens the immune system by destroying cells that fight disease and infection, ...

#80. Why the proportion of transmission during early-stage HIV ...

Antiretroviral treatment (ART), which prevents both morbidity and HIV transmission for persons infected with HIV, is now thought to be ...

#81. HIV 1: epidemiology, pathophysiology and transmission

Left untreated, HIV infection causes progressive and critical damage to the immune system, rendering the host susceptible to potentially fatal ...

#82. Hiv transmission Images, Stock Photos & Vectors | Shutterstock

Creative vector illustration icon set for world aids day. Can be used for poster,. HIV and AIDS transmission poster ...

#83. What is HIV? | HCHC - Harrisonburg Community Health Center

How is HIV transmitted? ... A person who has HIV carries the virus in certain bodily fluids, including blood, semen, vaginal fluid, rectal liquids, and breast ...

#84. The end of HIV transmission in the U.S.: A once-unthinkable ...

We have the science to solve the AIDS epidemic,” the director of the CDC ... “People with HIV infection need to be diagnosed, getting care, ...

#85. Information about HIV - Hivpoint

HIV, or the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a virus that damages the immune system of the infected person. HIV is a chronic virus infection and it requires ...

#86. HIV Infection/AIDS - Nationwide Children's Hospital

HIV Infection /AIDS. Helping Hand Logo. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that causes a number of different health problems including AIDS ...

#87. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired ...

Infectious agent of HIV infection and AIDS. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) types 1 and 2 are members of the family ...

#88. Transmission of HIV (video) | HIV and AIDS | Khan Academy

It's essentially late stage of an untreated HIV infection. So I just wanna talk a little bit about some of the ways that HIV is transmitted, some of the ...

#89. AIDS Transmission - News Medical

HIV infection is a contagious disease and can be transmitted from person to person. It is most commonly transmitted by having sex without a ...

#90. One hundred and fifty thousand preventable new HIV ...

Women at substantial risk of HIV infection require tailored combination HIV prevention, including pre-exposure prophylaxis, more comprehensive ...