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在covid-19 infection中文這個產品中，有25篇Facebook貼文，粉絲數超過2萬的網紅國家衛生研究院-論壇，也在其Facebook貼文中提到， ➥【接種mRNA疫苗可增加對抗新冠病毒原始武漢株及南非變異株的血清中和抗體】 ■中文摘要 SARS-CoV-2利用棘(S)蛋白與宿主細胞結合。S蛋白由S1及S2組成，其中S1包含C端、N端及受體結合區域(receptor-binding domain; RBD)，病毒利用RBD與宿主細胞表面的A...

covid-19 infection中文 在 國家衛生研究院-論壇 Facebook 的精選貼文

國家衛生研究院-論壇 By 國家衛生研究院-論壇

2021-04-19 07:30:00 有 13 人按讚
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➥【接種mRNA疫苗可增加對抗新冠病毒原始武漢株及南非變異株的血清中和抗體】
　
■中文摘要
SARS-CoV-2利用棘(S)蛋白與宿主細胞結合。S蛋白由S1及S2組成，其中S1包含C端、N端及受體結合區域(receptor-binding domain; RBD)，病毒利用RBD與宿主細胞表面的ACE2受體結合，進入宿主細胞。S2則是與病毒和宿主細胞間的融合有關。
　
迄今仍不清楚何者是評估免疫保護力(即免於SARS-CoV-2感染)的有效指標(correlate of protection)，但目前認為中和抗體(neutralizing antibody)是對抗SARS-CoV-2的重要保護成分。研究顯示，SARS-CoV-2感染後，中和抗體會快速被誘導出且維持數月之久。而RBD是自然感染後產生的血清中和抗體最主要的標的，目前已有多種抗RBD的單株抗體被辨識出。
　
Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2和Moderna mRNA-1273兩種mRNA疫苗已在許多國家緊急授權使用。兩者都是以疫情早期的武漢病毒株(Wuhan-Hu-1)之S蛋白進行疫苗設計，兩疫苗保護力可達94%。
　
由於疫情仍嚴峻、病毒在社區持續傳播演化，病毒變異株陸續出現，如英國變異株(B.1.1.7)、南非變異株(B.1.351)及巴西變異株(P.1)。這些變異株的S蛋白出現變異，導致傳播能力增加。
　
以南非株為例，其蛋白的N端帶有D80A及D215G突變、RBD帶有K417N、E484K及N501Y 突變，S2則帶有D614G突變。三變異株在RBD都帶有N501Y突變，此突變會增加病毒與宿主ACE2受體結合的親和力。
　
D614則會增加S蛋白密度、感染力及傳播能力。另南非變異株及巴西變異株的RBD都帶有E484K突變。這些變異株對先前已感染過新冠肺炎的患者或已接種新冠疫苗的民眾所產生的中和抗體是否有抗性，令人關注。
　
為解答上述問題，美國及加拿大的研究團隊進行了病毒血清學研究。
■方法
分析染疫康復者及疫苗接種者在施打mRNA疫苗(任一品牌)前後的血清對早期武漢病毒株及新興南非變異株的病毒中和能力及相關抗體效價。
　
■受試者族群：包括以下3組
❶曾感染SARS-CoV-2、並已接種1或2劑mRNA疫苗(染疫/1劑疫苗或染疫/2劑疫苗)的受試者，共15位，取其疫苗接種前後的血清。
❷未曾感染SARS-CoV-2、已接種2劑mRNA疫苗(未染疫/2劑疫苗)的受試者，共13位，取其疫苗接種前後的血清。
❸疫情早期感染過SARS-CoV-2、但尚未接種疫苗的受試者之血清所分離出的單株抗體。
　
■病毒中和試驗：採用表現以下3種S蛋白全長的假病毒株(pseudovirus)進行試驗
❶武漢病毒株(Wuhan-Hu-1)。
　
❷南非變異株(B.1.351)，帶有D80A、D215G、K417N、E484K、N501Y、D614G及A701V突變。
　
❸南非變異株(B.1.351Δ242-243)，除上述B.1.351病毒株的變異外，也帶有Δ242-243缺失突變。
　
■結果
❶疫情早期感染過SARS-CoV-2、但尚未接種疫苗的受試者之血清所分離出的單株抗體對兩南非變異株的中和能力降低，表示南非變異株對早期染疫患者的血清有抗性。
　
❷若將染疫/1劑疫苗受試者及未染疫/2劑疫苗受試者血清中的抗RBD抗體去除，血清中和武漢病毒株的能力即會消失，顯示大部分被誘發的中和抗體的標的抗原是RBD。
　
❸疫苗接種前即有抗RBD IgG的染疫受試者在接種1劑疫苗後，其抗(武漢病毒株)RBD IgG效價增加為500倍，抗RBD IgA效價增加為200倍。染疫/1劑疫苗受試者和未染疫/2劑疫苗的受試者相比，前者抗RBD IgG及IgA的效價分別為後者的4.5倍及7.7倍。不論是否曾染疫，施打疫苗對抗RBD IgM效價影響不大，效價都偏低。
　
❹以武漢病毒株進行血清抗體中和試驗，若以可以中和50%病毒的抗體效價ID50而言，疫苗接種前即有抗RBD IgG的染疫受試者在接種1劑疫苗後，ID50效價上升至1000倍，追加第二劑疫苗效果則不顯著。未染疫/2劑疫苗受試者ID50較染疫/1-2劑疫苗受試者約低5-10倍。
　
❺在染疫康復者中，疫苗前血清對武漢病毒株的ID50明顯較兩南非變異株ID50高。約僅33%至46.7%的受試者疫苗前血清可部分中和兩南非變異株，且只有少數受試者血清ID50高於100。
　
施打1劑疫苗則可增加血清對武漢株及南非兩變異株的中和抗體效價，但和武漢病毒株ID50相比，血清對南非變異株B.1.351及B.1.351Δ242-243的ID50分別低了3倍及10倍。
　
染疫/1劑疫苗受試者血清對3種病毒株的中和效價，均較未染疫/2劑疫苗受試者高(7-30倍)。約61.5% (8/13)的未染疫/接受2劑受試者之血清可以達到抑制80%的南非變異株B.1.351-Δ242-243。
　
■總結
抗RBD抗體為血清中能中和病毒的主要成分。染疫康復者/疫苗前的血清可有效中和武漢病毒株，但只有部分的受試者血清可以中和南非變異株。
　
然而，施打一劑mRNA疫苗後，血清對武漢病毒株及兩南非變異株的中和抗體效價都會上升，部分可達1000倍之高，但施打第二劑並不會增加抗體效價。未曾染疫的受試者接種兩劑疫苗，也會產生對兩南非變異株的中和抗體，但效價都偏低。綜合而言，不論是否...完整轉譯文章，詳連結：http://forum.nhri.org.tw/covid19/virus/j_translate/j2597/ ( 財團法人國家衛生研究院 吳綺容醫師摘要整理)
　　
📋 Science - 2021-03-25
mRNA vaccination boosts cross-variant neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection
■ Author：Leonidas Stamatatos, Julie Czartoski, Yu-Hsin Wan, et al.
■ Link：https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2021/03/24/science.abg9175
　　
〈 國家衛生研究院-論壇 〉
➥ COVID-19學術資源-轉譯文章 - 2021/04/19
衛生福利部
疾病管制署 - 1922防疫達人
疾病管制署

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近年台灣面臨人口老化、少子化、人口移動頻繁、貧富差距的社會現象，為因應此現象，政府成立衛生福利部，以有效彙整醫藥衛生與社會福利之資源與服務，提供整合性的服務措施及全方位的照護體系，給予民眾多方向的全人服務。完整說明，詳：https://bit.ly/3bjItNv )
國衛院論壇提供溝通平台，結合國內外專業人力，針對衛生醫療及社會福利問題之探討與增進國民健康福祉。
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covid-19 infection中文 在 Roger Chung 鍾一諾 Facebook 的最佳解答

Roger Chung 鍾一諾 By Roger Chung 鍾一諾

2020-11-22 23:03:00 有 43 人按讚
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今早為Asian Medical Students Association Hong Kong (AMSAHK)的新一屆執行委員會就職典禮作致詞分享嘉賓，題目為「疫情中的健康不公平」。
感謝他們的熱情款待以及為整段致詞拍了影片。以下我附上致詞的英文原稿：

It's been my honor to be invited to give the closing remarks for the Inauguration Ceremony for the incoming executive committee of the Asian Medical Students' Association Hong Kong (AMSAHK) this morning. A video has been taken for the remarks I made regarding health inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic (big thanks to the student who withstood the soreness of her arm for holding the camera up for 15 minutes straight), and here's the transcript of the main body of the speech that goes with this video:

//The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, continues to be rampant around the world since early 2020, resulting in more than 55 million cases and 1.3 million deaths worldwide as of today. (So no! It’s not a hoax for those conspiracy theorists out there!) A higher rate of incidence and deaths, as well as worse health-related quality of life have been widely observed in the socially disadvantaged groups, including people of lower socioeconomic position, older persons, migrants, ethnic minority and communities of color, etc. While epidemiologists and scientists around the world are dedicated in gathering scientific evidence on the specific causes and determinants of the health inequalities observed in different countries and regions, we can apply the Social Determinants of Health Conceptual Framework developed by the World Health Organization team led by the eminent Prof Sir Michael Marmot, world’s leading social epidemiologist, to understand and delineate these social determinants of health inequalities related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

According to this framework, social determinants of health can be largely categorized into two types – 1) the lower stream, intermediary determinants, and 2) the upper stream, structural and macro-environmental determinants. For the COVID-19 pandemic, we realized that the lower stream factors may include material circumstances, such as people’s living and working conditions. For instance, the nature of the occupations of these people of lower socioeconomic position tends to require them to travel outside to work, i.e., they cannot work from home, which is a luxury for people who can afford to do it. This lack of choice in the location of occupation may expose them to greater risk of infection through more transportation and interactions with strangers. We have also seen infection clusters among crowded places like elderly homes, public housing estates, and boarding houses for foreign domestic helpers. Moreover, these socially disadvantaged people tend to have lower financial and social capital – it can be observed that they were more likely to be deprived of personal protective equipment like face masks and hand sanitizers, especially during the earlier days of the pandemic. On the other hand, the upper stream, structural determinants of health may include policies related to public health, education, macroeconomics, social protection and welfare, as well as our governance… and last, but not least, our culture and values. If the socioeconomic and political contexts are not favorable to the socially disadvantaged, their health and well-being will be disproportionately affected by the pandemic. Therefore, if we, as a society, espouse to address and reduce the problem of health inequalities, social determinants of health cannot be overlooked in devising and designing any public health-related strategies, measures and policies.

Although a higher rate of incidence and deaths have been widely observed in the socially disadvantaged groups, especially in countries with severe COVID-19 outbreaks, this phenomenon seems to be less discussed and less covered by media in Hong Kong, where the disease incidence is relatively low when compared with other countries around the world. Before the resurgence of local cases in early July, local spread of COVID-19 was sporadic and most cases were imported. In the earlier days of the pandemic, most cases were primarily imported by travelers and return-students studying overseas, leading to a minor surge between mid-March and mid-April of 874 new cases. Most of these cases during Spring were people who could afford to travel and study abroad, and thus tended to be more well-off. Therefore, some would say the expected social gradient in health impact did not seem to exist in Hong Kong, but may I remind you that, it is only the case when we focus on COVID-19-specific incidence and mortality alone. But can we really deduce from this that COVID-19-related health inequality does not exist in Hong Kong? According to the Social Determinants of Health Framework mentioned earlier, the obvious answer is “No, of course not.” And here’s why…

In addition to the direct disease burden, the COVID-19 outbreak and its associated containment measures (such as economic lockdown, mandatory social distancing, and change of work arrangements) could have unequal wider socioeconomic impacts on the general population, especially in regions with pervasive existing social inequalities. Given the limited resources and capacity of the socioeconomically disadvantaged to respond to emergency and adverse events, their general health and well-being are likely to be unduly and inordinately affected by the abrupt changes in their daily economic and social conditions, like job loss and insecurity, brought about by the COVID-19 outbreak and the corresponding containment and mitigation measures of which the main purpose was supposedly disease prevention and health protection at the first place. As such, focusing only on COVID-19 incidence or mortality as the outcomes of concern to address health inequalities may leave out important aspects of life that contributes significantly to people’s health. Recently, my research team and I collaborated with Sir Michael Marmot in a Hong Kong study, and found that the poor people in Hong Kong fared worse in every aspects of life than their richer counterparts in terms of economic activity, personal protective equipment, personal hygiene practice, as well as well-being and health after the COVID-19 outbreak. We also found that part of the observed health inequality can be attributed to the pandemic and its related containment measures via people’s concerns over their own and their families’ livelihood and economic activity. In other words, health inequalities were contributed by the pandemic even in a city where incidence is relatively low through other social determinants of health that directly concerned the livelihood and economic activity of the people. So in this study, we confirmed that focusing only on the incident and death cases as the outcomes of concern to address health inequalities is like a story half-told, and would severely truncate and distort the reality.

Truth be told, health inequality does not only appear after the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19, it is a pre-existing condition in countries and regions around the world, including Hong Kong. My research over the years have consistently shown that people in lower socioeconomic position tend to have worse physical and mental health status. Nevertheless, precisely because health inequality is nothing new, there are always voices in our society trying to dismiss the problem, arguing that it is only natural to have wealth inequality in any capitalistic society. However, in reckoning with health inequalities, we need to go beyond just figuring out the disparities or differences in health status between the poor and the rich, and we need to raise an ethically relevant question: are these inequalities, disparities and differences remediable? Can they be fixed? Can we do something about them? If they are remediable, and we can do something about them but we haven’t, then we’d say these inequalities are ultimately unjust and unfair. In other words, a society that prides itself in pursuing justice must, and I say must, strive to address and reduce these unfair health inequalities. Borrowing the words from famed sociologist Judith Butler, “the virus alone does not discriminate,” but “social and economic inequality will make sure that it does.” With COVID-19, we learn that it is not only the individuals who are sick, but our society. And it’s time we do something about it.

Thank you very much!//

Please join me in congratulating the incoming executive committee of AMSAHK and giving them the best wishes for their future endeavor!

Roger Chung, PhD
Assistant Professor, CUHK JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, @CUHK Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong 香港中文大學 - CUHK
Associate Director, CUHK Institute of Health Equity

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公共衛生學者/唱作歌手/音樂監製/電台主持/廣告配音員 A Singing Scholar
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covid-19 infection中文 在 國家衛生研究院-論壇 Facebook 的精選貼文

國家衛生研究院-論壇 By 國家衛生研究院-論壇

2020-06-15 13:30:00 有 23 人按讚
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➥目前新冠肺炎臨床症狀資料大多來自成人個案，兒童被視為感染新冠肺炎的低危險族群，因此，兒童方面的臨床症狀資料十分缺乏。


Shekerdemian博士和其研究團隊的觀察性研究結果指出，於48位因新冠肺炎而住院的兒童病患中，年紀大多落在4到17歲之間，25位(52%)為男生，8位(17%)無慢性病史，其中16位(33%)為重症，21位(44%)使用羥氯喹(hydroxychloroquine)治療，8位(17%)使用瑞德西韋或其他抗病毒藥物治療，13位(28%)使用兩種以上藥物治療，2位(4%)因病死亡，到研究截止時，15位(32%)仍住院治療。


本研究為少數報告北美地區在兒童加護病房治療新冠肺炎病童臨床結果，未來需更多結果來支持。(「財團法人國家衛生研究院」蔡慧如博士 摘要整理 ➥http://forum.nhri.org.tw/covid19/virus/j_translate/j966/ )


📋 Characteristics and Outcomes of Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Admitted to US and Canadian Pediatric Intensive Care Units (2020/05/11)+中文摘要轉譯
■ Author：
Lara S. Shekerdemian, Nabihah R. Mahmood, Katie K. Wolfe, et al.
■ Link：
(JAMA) https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2766037?resultClick=1


🔔豐富的學術文獻資料都在【論壇COVID-19學術專區】
■ http://forum.nhri.org.tw/covid19/


#2019COVID19Academic
衛生福利部
疾病管制署 - 1922防疫達人
疾病管制署
國家衛生研究院-論壇

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國家衛生研究院-論壇

About author
近年台灣面臨人口老化、少子化、人口移動頻繁、貧富差距的社會現象，為因應此現象，政府成立衛生福利部，以有效彙整醫藥衛生與社會福利之資源與服務，提供整合性的服務措施及全方位的照護體系，給予民眾多方向的全人服務。完整說明，詳：https://bit.ly/3bjItNv )
國衛院論壇提供溝通平台，結合國內外專業人力，針對衛生醫療及社會福利問題之探討與增進國民健康福祉。
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#6. 特別館藏:新型冠狀病毒(COVID-19)：感染控制與預防措施

Acute Respiratory Infections, Airways, Anaesthesia, Back and Neck ... 한국어 Bahasa Malaysia Polski Português Русский தமிழ் ภาษาไทย 繁體中文 简体中文 ...

#7. 冠狀病毒病2019 (COVID-19) | US EPA

[Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)]. 這是一個新出現的，演變迅速的情況，而疾病控防中 除更新指導外，將在備有新資料時，提供最新的資料。此網頁提供主要的環保署有關 ...

#8. 認識嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎(COVID-19，簡稱新型冠狀病毒肺炎

2019年12月以來，湖北省武漢市展開呼吸道疾病及相關疾病監測，發現不明原因病毒性肺炎病例。 · 冠狀病毒(CoV)為一群有外套膜之RNA病毒，外表為圓形，在電子顯微鏡下可看到 ...

#9. 新型冠狀病毒感染症 - 台灣內科醫學會

病毒感染症(Coronavirus Disease 2019, COVID-19) ... 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in. Germany. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:970.

#10. Lymphopenia in Severe COVID-19 Infection

數篇近期發表的文章中提及感染新冠肺炎的重症病患有以下二項特徵：. 淋巴球數降低：. Lancet兩篇文章：85% COVID-19重症病患會發生淋巴球數減少; JAMA：ICU住院病患中 ...

#11. 2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19） - 症状与病因- 妙佑医疗国际

老年人或有基础疾病的人感染 COVID-19 后转为重症的风险更高。 并发症可能包括：. 感染性肺炎和呼吸困难; 多个器官衰竭; 心脏问题; 严重的肺部疾病，导致 ...

#12. 新興病毒感染研究中心 - 長庚大學

2021-03-25 【CGU】CORONAVIRUS/COVID-19 antibody detection kit granted emergency use ... interview –Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung ...

#13. 【醫護版】資料大補帖- 新冠肺炎(COVID-19)

COVID -19疫情來得又快又猛，無法確認收集的資料通過實證醫學驗證。 僅提供專家認可之資料做參考。學會沒有為任何廠商廣告背書。

#14. COVID-19病毒是如何传播的？我们如何自我防范？ - YouTube

2019冠状病毒病（ COVID - 19 ）是由首次传入人类的新冠状病毒引起的传染病。它主要通过感染者说话、咳嗽或打喷嚏时产生的飞沫在人与人之间传播。

#15. 淺談新型冠狀病毒(COVID-19) - 中華醫事科技大學

SARS-COV-2 導致COVID-19 的疾病，此種病毒的基因非常容易突變，變成新型冠狀病. 毒，目前在世界流行的冠狀 ... What I am doing to minimize Corona Virus infection.

#16. 什麼是「突破性感染」？打完疫苗怎麼還會確診COVID-19？

這種狀況叫做突破性感染（Breakthrough infection），也就是施打疫苗後卻確診傳染病的情況。美國CDC 定義突破性感染為，完全接種新冠疫苗後至少14 天，採 ...

#17. Pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection in 7 days

親愛的同事及同學們： 為讓大眾了解感染新冠病毒的過程，新型冠狀病毒感染應變協調中心發出了以下圖文包，請大家參閱。

#18. 冠状病毒病(COVID-19)：宣传资源 - Canada.ca

冠状病毒病(COVID-19)：宣传资源. 下载这些资源，与小区里的人分享。 接种疫苗. 加拿大的疫苗开发与批准 · 关于COVID ...

#19. COVID-19 Information（新型冠状病毒感染症, 코로나바이러스 ...

COVID -19 vaccination certificates（vaccine passports） · Certificate of COVID-19 Infection and Recovery Period Completion: eligibility ...

#20. Covid-19 Terminology English-Chinese (Simplified) 英语

English. 简体中文 n antibody. 抗体 adj asymptomatic. 无症状的 n basic reproduction number (R0) 基本再生数 basic reproductive number (R0) 基本传染数.

#21. 第五波疫情下確診兒童個案情況Paediatric COVID-19 Infection ...

➢The main symptoms of novel coronavirus infection are: ... Information Pack on Caring Children with COVID-19. 中文: ...

#22. 研究顯示新冠感染者或面臨長期後遺症- 紐約時報中文網

一項迄今為止對Covid-19患者的長期癥狀所進行的最大規模研究顯示，數十萬美國人已就感染Covid-19後的健康問題尋求醫療護理，這些健康問題是在感染新冠 ...

#23. 托儿所的COVID-19感染预防安全健康指南 - CA.gov

疾病预防控制中心（CDC）提供的与COVID-19. 相关的信息，包括疾病如何传播、如何防止其传. 播、症状以及何时为患病儿童或员工寻求医疗援. 助：. ◦. COVID ...

#24. East Japan Railway Company - JR東日本

JR東日本正在採取防止新型冠狀病毒感染的措施，以便乘客可以放心乘坐鐵路。 Measures to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19(僅英文) · JR東日本網路訂票系統.

#25. Coronavirus - World Health Organization (WHO)

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) ... Most people infected with the virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring ...

#26. 疾病介紹－嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎(COVID-19) - 臺南市政府衛生局

疾病介紹－嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎(COVID-19). 分享至. 前言冠狀病毒(CoV)為一群有外套膜之RNA病毒，外表為圓形，在電子顯微鏡下可看到類似皇冠的突起因此 ...

#27. COVID-19 - Infections - MSD Manual Consumer Version

COVID -19 - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the MSD Manuals - Medical Consumer Version.

#28. 香港特別行政區政府衞生署衞生防護中心2019冠狀病毒病病人 ...

... of Information to Centre for Health Protection for COVID-19 Patients. ... will no longer issue isolation orders to infected persons according to Cap.

#29. COVID-19 - The Public Health Agency of Sweden

How to protect yourself and others from being infected with COVID-19 · Stay home if you are ill and have symptoms of COVID-19 · COVID-19 infection control ...

#30. 54342-001: COVID-19 Infection Prevention and Control ...

Regional : COVID-19 Infection Prevention and Control through an Integrated Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Health Approach ...

#31. About the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Alert - 札幌市

网页是利用札幌市官方主页的自动翻译服务,翻英语・中文(简体字),中文(繁体字)・韩语。 由于是利用自动翻译系统获得的翻译结果,所以不一定完全正确。 由于 ...

#32. Coronavirus (COVID-19): infection control and prevention ...

因應COVID-19, 考科藍發佈了Coronavirus (COVID-19): infection control and prevention measures, 彙整了與預防感染相關的Cochrane 證據提供大家參考~.

#33. 國立陽明交通大學統計學研究所

... Undocumented SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Correlational Study (IF: 4.112; Category: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; ... 語言, 中文.

#34. Active COVID-19, Clinical Pathway — All Settings

Clinical Pathway for Evaluation and Treatment of. Children with Active COVID-19 Infection · New O2 requirement. Not rapidly escalating; Not requiring CPAP, BiPap ...

#35. COVID-19 Healthcare Partner Resources - Oregon.gov

Oregon Health Authority Regional Infection Preventionists are available throughout the state of Oregon to support long-term care facilities to strengthen ...

#36. What is COVID-19 Reinfection? - CDC

People with weakened immune systems may have a limited or even no immune response after infection. Protection against severe COVID-19 illness ...

#37. UK Health Security Agency - GOV.UK

UKHSA, ONS and the University of Oxford are thanking over 500,000 people from across the UK for their contribution to the COVID-19 Infection Survey.

#38. COVID-19 Thematic Website - Together, We Fight the Virus ...

Considering the balance between infection risks and resumption of economic and ... Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in HK. 中文. Vaccine Doses Administered.

#39. COVID-19 antivirals – your questions answered

Answers to frequently asked questions about COVID-19 antiviral medicines. ... body and helps your immune system to fight off the infection.

#40. Latest Situation of Novel Coronavirus Infection in Hong Kong

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in HK. 中文.

#41. COVID-19 - ECDC - europa.eu

SARS-CoV-2 is mainly spread via respiratory droplets, including aerosols, from an infected person who sneezes, coughs, speaks, sings or breathes in close ...

#42. If you have COVID-19

You do not need a medical certificate from a doctor. Proof of COVID-19 infection and isolation ...

#43. COVID-19: Epidemiology, virology, and prevention - UpToDate

Period of greatest infectiousness – Infected individuals are more likely to be contagious within the first 7 to 10 days of infection, when viral ...

#44. ANA｜台灣| ANA

2023 年3 月19 日- 2023 年3 月19 日. 1 人. 經濟艙. 最優惠票價 ... 所有入境日本的旅客都必須提供登機前72 小時內的COVID-19 陰性檢驗報告。

#45. Ministry of Health

Our high vaccination rates have been pivotal to enable us to weather successive waves of COVID-19 infections, build up our societal resilience, ...

#46. 臨床證據顯示，不同動物對SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) 病毒的受 ...

對COVID-19 傳播的理解，特別是與寵物有關的傳播，正在迅速發展。COVID-19 主要是人類疾病，由 ... Low-level of infection with COVID-19 in pet dog [news release].

#47. COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines

The guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment, and control of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

#48. COVID-19 booster vaccine advice

Learn about booster doses for COVID-19 vaccines, ... get a booster dose if it's been 6 months since their last dose or COVID-19 infection, ...

#49. Recovery and returning to normal activities after COVID-19

When will I recover? Can someone test positive to COVID-19 even though they are no longer infected? Can I catch COVID-19 again and what should I do ...

#50. Coronavirus (COVID-19) symptoms in adults - NHS

Symptoms of coronavirus (COVID-19) in adults can include: a high temperature or shivering (chills) – a high temperature means you feel hot to touch on your ...

#51. Victorian COVID-19 data | Coronavirus Victoria

Data updates on COVID-19 including graphs showing case numbers, location and age ... Postcode of the case does not reflect where a person was infected.

#52. COVID-19 Vaccine - 衛生局

Serviços de Saúde do Governo da Região Administrativa Especial de Macau. 中文Português. ×. Website Link. COVID-19 Vaccine.

#53. Know Your Treatment Options for COVID-19 | FDA

The FDA has approved drug treatments for COVID-19 and has ... months or even years after COVID-19 infection, it is called long COVID.

#54. COVID-19 Response - the United Nations

On this website you can find information and guidance from the United Nations regarding the current outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that was ...

#55. COVID-19 Lung Damage - Johns Hopkins Medicine

“As for the bronchitis, patients may experience a cough that stays with them for months after the initial infection,” he notes. “This frequent ...

#56. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 ...

Importance In December 2019, novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)–infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, China. The number of cases has increased ...

#57. Novel Coronavirus Information Center - Elsevier

See our directory of all Elsevier's COVID-19 resources ... 中文资源. Resources from Elsevier's Clinical Solutions team in China ...

#58. Taipei City Government's COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention SOPs

Strategies. In response to the highly infectious nature of COVID-19, Taipei City Government has prioritized cooperating with the central ...

#59. COVID-19 response | UNICEF

Resources and information about UNICEF's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. UNICEF. Uganda. Health workers arrive at a refugee settlement to launch another ...

#60. Introduction to COVID-19: methods for detection, prevention ...

A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China. This. ... infection in the community and in health care settings.

#61. 為何有些人不用打疫苗？新冠「先天免疫者」的祕密 - 康健雜誌

2021/11/19. 作者/ BBC News 中文 · 出處/ BBC News 中文 ... 的一部分在病毒站穩腳跟之前就能將其制服- 這一現象被稱為「頓挫感染」 （「abortive infection」）。

#62. Myocarditis in SARS-CoV-2 infection vs. COVID-19 vaccination

BackgroundThis study aimed to compare the incidence of myocarditis in COVID-19 vaccines and in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ...

#63. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome | Nature Medicine

Survivors of previous coronavirus infections, including the SARS epidemic of 2003 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak of ...

#64. COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy - Ontario.ca

Getting the vaccine during pregnancy will increase your protection against COVID-19 infection and reduce the risk of severe illness and ...

#65. Study Reveals the Risk of COVID-19 Infection Among Health ...

Health care workers on the front lines of the battle against COVID-19 face a high risk of becoming infected and are confronted with the ...

#66. COVID-19(前稱2019新型冠狀病毒或2019-nCoV) 常見問題解答

2020 年1 月30 日，世界衛生組織宣佈進入國. 際突發公共衛生事件。目前，夏威夷尚無COVID-19 確診病例。 這次爆發的疾病和引起它的病毒的正確名稱是甚麼？

#67. 新冠病毒感染情況調查

我們已公佈這些結果. ，. 好讓大家知道我們的調查結果(www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/covid-19/covid-19- · infection-survey/results)。 這些資訊不會識別到您或您的 ...

#68. 動物也要打COVID-19疫苗嗎？和人的疫苗一樣嗎？ - 報導者

COVID -19全球大流行，全世界都接種COVID-19疫苗，避免被傳染。很多人已經打到第三劑疫苗了，那你有想過動物也需要打疫苗嗎？哪些動物會感染新冠病毒呢 ...

#69. 2019新型冠狀病毒疾病COVID-19流行病學及症狀介紹

分類學命名為Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)，. 其會造成新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎(novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia, NCIP)。 此疾病 ...

#70. Gastrointestinal, Hepatic, and Pancreatic Manifestations of ...

DISCUSSION Long COVID is now a recognized and evolving syndrome. The definition is centered on symptoms as a result of COVID-19 infection, which either ...

#71. Covid-19 Infection and Pregnancy - 第 141 頁 - Google 圖書結果

“Zinc and respiratory tract infections: perspectives for COVID-19 (review). Int. J. Mol. Med. 46 (1), 17e26. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4575.

#72. Covid 19 Infection, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics ...

among people who have had COVID-19.39 PASC is beginning to be studied in the ... COVID-19 IN SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANTION Epidemiology Incidence of infection ...