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⚡常見衣服總稱的用法辨異⚡
clothes: 泛用說法，多指包括上衣、內衣或褲子等具體的一件件衣服。
clothing: 常用詞語，集合名詞，是衣服的總稱。
coat: 指上衣、外衣、大衣、外套及女用正式上衣。
dress: 多指正式場合或爲某些特定用途而穿的服裝，也指童裝或女性穿的連衣裙。
garment: 語氣莊重，正式用詞，複數形式可與clothes換用，指身上全部穿着。單數形式指單件衣服，尤指長袍、外套等外面的衣服。
robe: 指長袍，也指浴衣、早上盥洗時穿的袍子。
gown: 指女士穿的長服，尤指教士、法官、教授等的禮服或婦女的睡衣等，也指長袍。
uniform: 指某團體或組織統一做的制服，如軍服、校服等。
costume: 指流行某一地區或某一時代的服裝，也指演員的戲服。
suit: 指一套服裝，一般有幾件配成一套的套裝。
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【《無用》－法國勒阿弗爾 Pharenheit Dance Festival 】
「當人生再一次面對無用時，我們是如何走過的？
這是我與王榮祿的合作對話作品，集結設計師李智偉（舞台燈光）、許傲山（聲音）、余岱羚（服裝）、李偉能（排練助理），一起從「無用」中去探討世界進化發展的「有用」。人的渺小是如何與極端混亂的世界共存，無用只是一場喘息的開始⋯」
—周書毅
《無用》“Never-never Land”的法國巡演排練已經展開，即將於週六（2月3日）在Le Phare演出。請分享給在法國或歐洲的朋友吧！
▋主辦┃Pharenheit Dance Festival 2018
▋製作┃不加鎖舞踊館
---
“When our lives once again face with the “uselessness”, I wonder what we have been gone through?
“Never-never Land” is a dialogue between me and Lock, created together with lighting and set co-designer Lee Chi Wai, sound designer Steve Nerve, costume designer Yu Toi Ling and rehearsal master Joseph Lee, to explore the “usefulness” of the world from the “uselessness”. In a chaotic world of extreme development, lives sigh…”
—Chou Shuyi
“Never-never Land” rehearsal for France tour has begun. It will be staged on Sat (3rd of Feb) in Le Phare, Centre chorégraphique national du Havre Normandie. Please share to your friends in France or Europe!
▋Presentation┃Pharenheit Dance Festival 2018
▋Production┃Unlock Dancing Plaza
Never never land
Le Phare, Centre chorégraphique national du Havre Normandie
#無用 #Neverneverland #Unlock #LePhare #PharenheitDanceFestival
[詞彙區別] constitute, compose, consist of, comprise, account for, make up 的區別
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詞彙區別: http://wp.me/p44l9b-16B
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在寫作的時候，有些同學為了避免重複使用相同的詞彙，卻選用了意義上不盡相同的詞，而無法精確地表達出自己所想傳達的想法。這問題很可能來自於考生平時在語言學習上過於依賴中英翻譯，因此在不夠了解某些詞彙精準的用法的情況下，很容易造成讀者的誤解。
為了幫助同學增加詞彙量並且精確地在口說和寫作上使用這些字，我建議同學們不要一開始的時候就死記硬背一群同義詞彙 (e.g. decline, decrease, diminish, dwindle, reduce, alleviate) 。雖然如此做會快速幫同學累積對這些詞的認知，可是認知都會停留在模糊階段。建議同學先熟悉其中一兩個單詞以後在開始累積相關的同義詞彙，也應該用搭配詞跟片語加上完整的例句和短文來輔助自己對單詞的理解。同時同學們也應該在使用這些單詞之前先查查字典，更進一步了解這些詞彙的使用方式。
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1. constitute: to constitute something is to form a whole, especially of dissimilar components: Love and hate can constitute a balanced relationship.
constitute 所“構成”的事物在屬性和特徵上，亦或在組織上，與組成成分是一致的。
-Seven days constitutes a week (七天構成一個星期。).
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2. Compose: to compose means the same as to constitute, but implies that the components have something in common: Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.
在表示“由……材料構成”時，見於被動語態；在用於主動語態時，一般它所表示的“構成”或“組成”總包含著融合為一，而且主語或者是複數名詞或者是集體名詞。
-Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water. (混凝土由水泥、砂、石子與水摻和而構成。 )
-Mere facts, when badly stated, do not compose a good book. (僅僅有資料，如果陳述得很糟糕，並不能組成一本好書)
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3. account for: 說明（原因、理由等）; 導致，引起; （在數量、比例上）; 占 (e.g. This group accounted for 60% of the population.)
(在數量、比例上）占
These products, in total, account for about 80％ of all our sales (這些產品總共約占我們全部銷售額的80％。).
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4. make up: 組成 to combine together to form something [= constitute]:
-Women make up only a small proportion of the prison population. 女人只佔監獄人口的一小部分。
-The committee is made up of representatives from every state (委員會由每個州的代表組成的。).
-Children makes up only 10% of the population (兒童只佔人口的10％。).
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5. consist of: to consist of something is to be made up of it: A lethal dose of nerve agent VX consists of only 10 milligrams.
consist of 的含義與被動語態的 compose 相同
-Though the costume consists only of a sheet, it was very effective. (雖然那件化裝服裝僅由一條床單組成，但效果很好。)
-This group consists of men, women, and children.
(這個小組由男人，女人和孩子們組成的。).
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6. comprise: to comprise something has the same meaning as to consist, often implying that the whole is regarded from the point of view of its individual parts: The chain is comprised of many links, and is only as strong as its weakest.
comprise 在表示“構成”時，其內涵是“包括”或“覆蓋”*
-The committee comprises men of widely different views (這個委員會由見解甚為懸殊的人組成。).
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從這些動詞的意思來看，若要表示數個個體或項目組成一個整體時，我們可用 compose 或 constitute。
England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland compose/constitute the United Kingdom.
(英格蘭、威爾斯、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭組成了聯合王國。)
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若要表示一個整體是由個數個體或項目所組成時，我們可用 comprise* 或 consist of / be composed of 。
(compose 經常用於被動態，而以 be composed of 的型式出現，意思和用法跟 consist of 完全一樣。)
-The United Kingdom comprises*/consists of/is composed of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.
(聯合王國是由英格蘭、威爾斯、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭所構成)
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詳細的說明: http://www.learnerhall.org/2012/12/consist-of-compose-contain-comprise.html
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*在這幾個字當中，僅 comprise 兼具其他字的意思，但它也是最麻煩、最讓人困擾的字。英語 評論人士強烈反對 comprise 被用作 constitute 的意思以及 comprise 以被動態形式 be comprised of 來表示 consist of 的意思，所以對於 Fifty states comprise the United States. (五十個州組成了美國) 和 The United States is comprised of fifty states. (美國是由五十個州所組成) 這樣的句子結構，他們期期以為不可，而堅持只有 The United States comprises fifty states. 才是唯一正確的用法。但他們反對的這兩種用法其實早已是不 折不扣的標準英語，一些新版的字典甚至將 be comprised of 堂而皇之地列為片語，如 The course is comprised of ten core modules. (這門課是由 10 個核心單元組成)。然而，在公說公有理，婆說婆有理，各有堅持的情況下，在此建議：若使用 comprise 會讓你覺得心虛或沒把握，那麼不妨使用它的同義詞，也就是沒有爭議的 constitute, consist of 或 be composed of 來代替之。
*An interesting history of sense development concerning the word comprise has caused confusion, if not hate for the word itself. The most common mistake is confusing consist and comprise with each other. To say A lethal dose of nerve agent VX comprises of only 10 milligrams, is wrong because it is not analyzed from each separate component or milligram, but rather as a whole dose. In fact, there is a lot of skepticism and criticism of the word “comprise” all together. “None of the many neat schemes purporting to describe its correct use seems accurately to describe the way Standard English users actually employ comprise.” (Bartleby) Thus it is suggested to use constitute and/or compose as active verbs, while consists and/or includes as passive. However, if your use of the word can clearly indicate its context, separate from the its other accepted use, choosing a substitute is not necessary.
Also, ”Comprises” is "better" grammar than ”is comprised of.” “The whole comprises multiple parts” is better than, “The whole is comprised of multiple parts.” Even better though is, “Multiple parts comprise the whole."
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Sources:
http://www.bartleby.com/68/3/1403.html
http://bulo.hjenglish.com/question/33021/
http://blog.cybertranslator.idv.tw/archives/2590
http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/dictionaries/english/data/d0081813.html
http://www.learnerhall.org/2012/12/consist-of-compose-contain-comprise.html
http://everything2.com/title/consist%252C+comprise%252C+constitute%252C+or+compose
More sentences:
-The pie chart consists of/comprises of the percentages of four different fuel sources used in electricity production.
-Electricity (that is) produced with coal composed/constituted/accounted for 50% of the total electricity (that is)produced.
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contain vs. include:
Contain: Something is considered to be within something else.
The toy contains many small moving parts. ->The small moving parts are a part of the toy.
Include: Something is added to something else, possibly containing it, possibly not.
-This toy includes batteries. -> The batteries are not a part of the toy. They just come with the toy.
ハロウィン用100均つけまつげはデザイン性が優れているのに100円という破格の安さ♡
会社や学校終わりに付けまつ毛を足すだけで一気にイベント感がでます♪
つけまつげをしたことがない人もハロウィンの時はチャレンジしてみてはいかが？
（使用アイテム）
※以下すべてDAISO
・Costume FALSE EYELASHES ファー（レッド）
・Costume FALSE EYELASHES ホラーハウス
・Costume FALSE EYELASHES くもの巣
モデル：山田あきほ
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