李戡發文指出,某臺大教授的著作有多處抄襲,我看完之後十分駭然。因為張亞中老師曾對蔡英文的論文事件發表評論:「倫敦政經學院不是正規大學」,著實是金玉良言啊!現在張總校長是不是也會發出正義的怒吼:「臺大出這種教授,不是正規大學。」
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這樣的話,還真的虧大了,因為我才剛拿到畢業證書誒!早知如此,要選最正規的孫文學校就讀。不過似乎不必多慮,前述所指臺大某抄襲教授正是張亞中本人,張總校長是不會自我批評成非正規教授的。心中大石瞬間卸下,所以我拿到的,應該還能算是正規證書吧。
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———(以下李戡全文)———
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《張亞中,你抄錯行了!》
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張亞中1998年出版《兩岸主權論》(台北:生智文化,1998)一書,不止一次抄襲楊永明1996年發表在《政治科學論叢》第七期的論文<民主主權:政治理論中主權概念之演變與主權理論新取向>。關於證明抄襲的方法論、抄襲者慣用的掩蓋手法和心態,我在《蔣介石日記的濫用》(被中共查禁)裡做了充分論證。現在我用這些方法,來還原張亞中怎麼抄襲楊永明,而且還抄錯行。
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一、《兩岸主權論》第9到10頁,張亞中寫道:
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國際法百科全書亦將主權定義為「一個國家獨立於其他國家之外,且於法律上不受其他國家的影響,以及國家對其領土和人民的政府權力享有最高性,與排他性的管轄權」。【注釋是「Helmut Steinberger, “Sovereignty”, in Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Installment 10., (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing and Company, 1987), pp.397-418, at pp.403-404.」】
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這段引文,和楊永明<民主主權>頁144的段落幾乎一模一樣:
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國際法百科全書定義主權為「一個國家獨立於其他國家之外,且於法律上不受其他國家的滲透影響,以及國家對其領土和人民的政府權力的至高性和排他性的管轄權」【注釋是「Helmut Steinberger, “Sovereignty,” in Encyclopedia of International Law, op.cit., p.404.」】
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楊永明和張亞中都引用了Encyclopedia of Public International Law的內容,不過楊永明漏寫了書名中的Public一字,我們翻開這本書第404頁,可找到楊永明引文對應的原文:
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State sovereignty now meant a State's general independence from and legal impermeability in relation to foreign powers, and the State's exclusive jurisdiction and supremacy of governmental powers over the State's territory and inhabitants.
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這段話明明出現在百科全書第404頁,而非第403-404頁,為什麼張亞中會寫成「pp.397-418, at pp.403-404.」?
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二、這個「兩段式頁數」的寫法,正好出現在楊永明論文頁143-144:
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為方便區分起見,學者稱描述國家內部的主權概念為「內部主權」(或「國內主權」),而在國際法上的應用則被稱為「外部主權」(或「國家主權」)。【注釋是「See Helmut Steinberger, “Sovereignty,” in Encyclopedia of International Law, Rudolf L. Bindscdhedler et al eds. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing and Company, 1987), pp.397-418, at pp.403-404.」】
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我們翻開百科全書,果然分別在第403和404頁看到「external sovereignty」(外部主權)和「internal sovereignty」(內部主權)的用法,說明楊永明的注釋沒問題。奇怪的是,楊永明這段引文,也出現在張亞中《兩岸主權論》第10頁:
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有些學者區別主權的概念為「內部主權」與「外部主權」,前者指的是描述國家內部的主權;後者指的是國家主權在國際法的運用。【注釋是「Helmut Steinberger, “Sovereignty”, in Encyclopedia of Public International Law, op.cit., p.404.」】
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由此可見,張亞中抄錯行了!張亞中根本沒看過Encyclopedia of Public International Law這本書,他這兩個出處,都是直接抄襲楊永明。名詞解釋那段,張亞中為了掩飾抄襲痕跡,故意在楊永明翻譯的引文裡改動數字,例如他省略了「滲透」兩字,殊不知這樣一省略,嚴重扭曲原意。換句話說,如果張亞中親自翻過百科全書,根本沒道理漏掉這個字。張亞中改動完楊永明翻譯的引文後,以為大功告成,在抄注釋的時候,卻不小心抄錯行——他該抄的是頁404,卻抄成了楊永明的另一個注釋頁397-418和頁403-404。另外,「內部主權」和「外部主權」那段,張亞中本來該抄頁397-418和頁403-404,卻抄成頁404。
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三、除此之外,張亞中《兩岸主權論》頁8的引文「國家在其範圍內有宣稱不受其他限制和控制的自由,則必須同樣承認其他國家在其範圍內也有相同的自由。」【注釋是「F. H. Hinsley, Sovereignty (New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1966), p.158.」】這段話和楊永明<民主主權>頁144「國家在其範圍內有宣稱不受其他限制和控制的自由,則必須同樣承認其他國家在其範圍內也具有相同的自由」只有一字之差,在張亞中自稱看過原文的情況下,他的中文翻譯和楊永明翻譯的幾乎一模一樣,只是將「具有」換成「有」,顯然構成抄襲。
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四、同樣道理,張亞中《兩岸主權論》頁20的段落「國際法學界也開始強調民主制度是一項逐漸成形的國際規範,「民主統治」被強調為國家與政府合法性的構成要件之一。」【注釋是「Thomas Frank, “The Emerging Right to Democratic Governance”, American Journal of International Law, Vol.86, No.1 (Jan. 1992), pp.46-91.」】這段話,張亞中抄自楊永明<民主主權>頁147的段落「國際法學界也開始強調民主制度是一項逐漸成形的國際規範,民主統治(democratic governance)被強調為國家及政府合法性的構成要件之一。」【注釋是「Thomas Franck, “The Emerging Right to Democratic Governance,” American Journal of International Law, Vol.86, No.1 (Jan. 1992), pp.46-91.」】張亞中除了把「及」換成「與」,其他地方一字不漏照抄楊永明。
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五、同樣道理,張亞中《兩岸主權論》頁20-21的段落「更有學者指出政治參與權已經成為一項普遍性原則,應該受到國際法的保障。」【注釋是「Gregory H. Fox, “The Right to Political Participation in International Law”, Yale Journal of International Law, Vol. 17(1992), pp.539-607.」】這段話,張亞中抄自楊永明<民主主權>頁147「福斯(Gregory Fox)更指出政治參與權(political participation)已經成為一項普遍性權利,而應該受到國際法的保障。」【注釋是Gregory H. Fox, “The Right to Political Participation in International Law,” Yale Journal of International Law, Vol. 17(1992), pp.539-607.」】張亞中除了把「權利」改成「原則」,其他地方幾乎照抄楊永明。
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凡是引用的文獻不是自己親手翻閱、而是從別人文章看到的,一定要加上「轉引」兩字,否則就是抄襲。這五個案例中,張亞中在注釋裡除了交代文獻來源,後面全都該加上「轉引自楊永明,<民主主權:政治理論中主權概念之演變與主權理論新取向>,頁XX」,但他都沒有。張亞中讀了兩個博士,必定了解學術規範,卻仍故意為之,有何資格動輒以「張老師」姿態教育別人?光是在《兩岸主權論》的其中一章,張亞中就有五個注釋抄自楊永明。有了這項紀錄,我很好奇張亞中在《歐洲統合:政府間主義與超國家主義的互動》(台北:揚智文化,1998)書裡引用的大量英文文獻,以及在《德國問題:國際法與憲法的爭議》(台北:揚智文化,1999)書裡使用的大量艱澀冷僻的德文文獻,其中有多少處可能有類似這樣的行為?
同時也有59部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過38萬的網紅ajin,也在其Youtube影片中提到,三款短篇恐怖遊戲。第一個是密室逃脫遊戲,你在奇怪的地方醒來,感覺是被盜懶叫了。第二個是收集類的生存恐怖遊戲,說你的聖誕禮物被偷了,然後要去搶回來。第三個是老人砍木頭,遇到森林瘋子。 喜歡影片就按個讚👍👍👍! 遊戲網頁 Down Beneath: https://boredleviathan.itc...
「inhabitants」的推薦目錄:
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- 關於inhabitants 在 ajin Youtube 的最讚貼文
- 關於inhabitants 在 Candy Yuen Youtube 的最讚貼文
- 關於inhabitants 在 Laugh Travel Eat Youtube 的最讚貼文
- 關於inhabitants 在 THE INHABITANTS Trailer (Horror - Movie HD) - YouTube 的評價
inhabitants 在 媽媽監督核電廠聯盟 Facebook 的最讚貼文
口說無憑,眼見為真。
這是美國內政部所屬的海洋能源管理局過去幾年來長期監控、調查美國第一座進入商業運轉發電的離岸風場(位於美國東岸羅德島州外海的 Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF) )的風力機組對於海洋環境生態實際影響的實際海底攝影影像。
基本上,離岸風力機組在建成之後,會形成類似人工魚礁的作用,對於風場所在的海洋生態其實有正面的效益。其他國家的離岸風場長期追蹤調查報告,也普遍提出類似的結論。
Part 1 - 離岸風力機組海底塔架上附著的海洋生物樣態
https://youtu.be/Y45F1pb9PVc
Part 2 - 離岸風力機組周遭的海中魚群生態
https://youtu.be/nXyVGGNw5vs
美國羅德島州的 Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF) 離岸風場是在2015年開始施工建造,在2016年12月完成併聯商轉。風場總共裝置五座離岸風力機組,單機裝置容量為6MW,總裝置容量為30MW,算是一座小型的離岸風場,主要的目的就是提供羅德島州的一座離島 Block Island 的民生、商業用電所需。該風場的預期容量因素為47.6% 。
Fish around Turbine - by The US Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (12/29/2020)
From the moment the turbines were installed, marine life began to cover the hard surfaces. Primarily, the inhabitants are mussels, but many other sea creatures are making their home on the turbines including sea stars and anemones.
While the divers were exploring the marine life attached to the turbine structure, they also ventured away to see the fish. Watch the video.
Fish around the Turbines(12/29/2020 Bureau of Ocean Energy Management)
https://youtu.be/nXyVGGNw5vs
更多的相關調查、研究細節請見:
https://www.boem.gov/rodeo?fbclid=IwAR1p5Gv9ZcnOQOk0ARahSGpY6RfcD1o2qhqNGRwQvEgp9ZLBdzX2-mTnrOc
♡
inhabitants 在 Milton Goh Blog and Sermon Notes Facebook 的精選貼文
See a Mighty Jesus
“In the year that king Uzziah died, I saw the Lord sitting on a throne, high and lifted up; and his train filled the temple. Above him stood the seraphim. Each one had six wings. With two he covered his face. With two he covered his feet. With two he flew. One called to another, and said, “Holy, holy, holy, is Yahweh of Armies! The whole earth is full of his glory!” The foundations of the thresholds shook at the voice of him who called, and the house was filled with smoke.” (Isaiah 6:1-4 WEB)
Picture this majestic vision. The mortal king of Israel had just died, and the Lord Christ revealed Himself, seated on His throne of glory which was high and lifted up, and the train of His robes filled the whole temple. The longer the train, the more honorable the king is—it was a picture of the supreme ruler. The King of kings and Lord of lords!
No mortal king rules forever, so regardless of who rules in Israel, Christ is the ultimate king who is watching over the nation, protecting it from all her enemies.
We can benefit from seeing Jesus in His love and Grace, and also from seeing Him in His power and authority. However, the former is more important to be established in first because without having a sense of being loved by Him, you will be afraid of Him due to the latter.
Behold Jesus in His power. Can any enemy stand against a God like that? He is Yahweh of Armies, who commands the seraphim, the cherubim, the four living creatures, the chariots of fire, and all the heavenly armies. The natural elements of this world like the wind and waves obey His word, and nothing can resist His command.
When we magnify the Lord in our hearts, we won’t fear the enemies because the greatness of our God overshadows the problems we face in life.
What does the passage mean when it says that “the house was filled with smoke”? This smoke is the smoke from the altar of incense, which is a picture of the prayers being offered up by the nation of Israel. The people were crying out for God to help them, and that is why the temple was filled with smoke—the many prayers of the people.
“The Lord said, “Listen to what the unrighteous judge says. Won’t God avenge his chosen ones, who are crying out to him day and night, and yet he exercises patience with them? I tell you that he will avenge them quickly. Nevertheless, when the Son of Man comes, will he find faith on the earth?”” (Luke 18:6-8 WEB)
God is being patient, not wishing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance in Christ Jesus. There is a day of vengeance coming, which is the period of time called the Tribulation and the Day of Christ, and it will be horrible for the inhabitants of this earth who have not received Jesus Christ as Lord. We won’t be going through the Tribulation, but we will be returning to earth with Jesus on the Day of Christ (popularly known as the Second Coming).
Our Lord is not coming back as a meek Lamb, but as the mighty Lion of the tribe of Judah.
“I saw the heaven opened, and behold, a white horse, and he who sat on it is called Faithful and True. In righteousness he judges and makes war. His eyes are a flame of fire, and on his head are many crowns. He has names written and a name written which no one knows but he himself. He is clothed in a garment sprinkled with blood. His name is called “The Word of God.” The armies which are in heaven followed him on white horses, clothed in white, pure, fine linen. Out of his mouth proceeds a sharp, double-edged sword, that with it he should strike the nations. He will rule them with an iron rod. He treads the wine press of the fierceness of the wrath of God, the Almighty. He has on his garment and on his thigh a name written, “KING OF KINGS, AND Lord OF LORDS.”” (Revelation 19:11-16 WEB)
We have to change the picture of the ascended Jesus we have in our minds. He is no longer the bleeding and suffering man of sorrows who was so injured that He fell from the weigh of the cross that He was carrying.
He is now high and lifted up, back on His throne of glory, with all the heavenly armies at His command. In fairy tales, there is often a handsome prince on a white horse that whisks the damsel in distress away to a happy ending where they ride away together into the sunset. Where did humans get this picture from?
“He has made everything beautiful in its time. He has also set eternity in their hearts, yet so that man can’t find out the work that God has done from the beginning even to the end.” (Ecclesiastes 3:11 WEB)
God has set eternity into the hearts of men. Jesus is the prince who will save Israel from her oppressors. When you think of Jesus today, see a mighty King who commands the heavenly armies to fight your battles for you. He does this because He loves you!
My vision drawings was one of the Bible Study series shared for GEM patrons on Patreon. Join our Patreon community to receive fresh rhema words from the Holy Spirit to help you in every season of life: http://patreon.com/miltongohblog
inhabitants 在 ajin Youtube 的最讚貼文
三款短篇恐怖遊戲。第一個是密室逃脫遊戲,你在奇怪的地方醒來,感覺是被盜懶叫了。第二個是收集類的生存恐怖遊戲,說你的聖誕禮物被偷了,然後要去搶回來。第三個是老人砍木頭,遇到森林瘋子。
喜歡影片就按個讚👍👍👍!
遊戲網頁
Down Beneath: https://boredleviathan.itch.io/down-beneath
Where are my presents: https://inkivigames.itch.io/where-are-my-presents
Inhabitants Of The Fir Forest DEMO: https://stefanocagnani90.itch.io/inhabitants-of-the-fir-forest
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你好啊 └(^ω^)┐我是阿津,歡迎來觀看我的youtube頻道
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不時也會製作其他各種電玩的劇情遊玩影片
inhabitants 在 Candy Yuen Youtube 的最讚貼文
We are sailing far away to complete a special mission! Once a flourishing fishing village with over 2000 inhabitants, nowadays Grass Island is a sleepy village and a camping spot. This is the farthest I have been since the pandemic. Full of vibrant spring colors and cows, I hope this video brings you joy, laughter and a lot of natural beauty.
遠航來到風光明媚的塔門,除了食海鮮和行山探望牛牛外,我們亦要在一個下午的時間內完成任務!究竟牛牛看到我們執行任務時有乜反應,看看就知道了?
Time: Mid April 2021
Location: Grass Island, Hong Kong
100% shot and created by me with love ❤️
IG: candy_kamanyuen
FB: Candy Kaman Yuen
Email: ykaman1028@gmail.com
inhabitants 在 Laugh Travel Eat Youtube 的最讚貼文
Hong Kong's history is tie strongly to its harbour and sea. And one of the earliest inhabitants are the fishing folks, who live in houseboats in sheltered bays in Hong Kong. One of the most historic and famous is the Aberdeen Fishing Village, or Aberdeen Floating Village, and you can also visit the Lamma Fisherfolk Village to see how fishes are reared and caught in the old days.
This is a day/half day trip to Aberdeen and Lamma Island with Aberdeen 1773 and Lamma Rainbow Tour. We visited a houseboat turned museum, took a sampan ride around Aberdeen Typhoon Shelter, then off to Lamma Island for some seafood feast and a visit to the Lamma Fisherfolk village.
For more information:
https://www.laughtraveleat.com/asia/things-to-do-in-aberdeen-hong-kong/
Aberdeen 1773:
https://www.aberdeen1773.com/en/home/
Lamma Rainbow tour:
http://www.rainbowtour.com.hk/en/local_tour/detail/2/
Lamma Rainbow restaurant:
http://www.lammarainbow.com/?lang=en
Lamma Fisherfolk Village:
http://www.lammafisherfolks.com.hk/english/aboutus.php
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