【201907-胚胎技術員研習心得】
這次有機會到泰國曼谷的Centre of Excellence Fertility參加Embryo development的課程,其中針對胚胎培養液、連續胚胎監測系統(continuous embryo monitoring, CEM)、胚胎切片檢測(PGS,PGD)、雷射輔助孵化、半自動胚胎冷凍儀、及實驗室電子辨識系統作深入淺出的介紹,也參觀曼谷當地的生殖中心。
其中連續胚胎監測系統(CEM)等同先前提過的胚胎縮時攝影(Time-lapse system),以連續方式拍攝胚胎並以動態方式呈現胚胎分裂時期的變化,避免溫度及pH的變化,培養出較好的胚胎,同時透過胚胎動態仔細挑選出最好的胚胎。並同時搭配連續型培養液(Continuous single-step media),避免在培養過程中更換培養液,減少胚胎離開培養箱的時間,而維持穩定的培養環境,可得到更好的胚胎、更高的懷孕率。
本次所展示的GERI除了為連續胚胎監測的培養箱之外,同時能提供溼式的培養條件,而比起一般乾式的培養箱,溼式培養箱可提供70-90%的溼度,減緩培養液的蒸散,減少培養液滲透壓的變化,而提供更佳的培養環境。
而胚胎培養實驗室的技術與設備不斷的進步,最終的目的都是為了達到更好的懷孕率,對不孕患者提供更好的治療,以達到儘快受孕的目的。
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
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China Halts Work by Scientist Who Says He Edited Babies’ Genes
中國暫停賀建奎研究基因編輯嬰兒
China said on Thursday that it had suspended the work of a scientist who claims to have created the world’s first genetically edited babies, saying his conduct appeared to be unethical and in violation of Chinese law.
週四,中國表示已暫停一名聲稱創造了世界首例基因編輯嬰兒的科學家的工作,稱其行為不道德,且違反了中國法律。
The scientist, He Jiankui, announced on Monday that he had used the gene-editing technique Crispr to alter embryos, which he implanted in the womb of a woman who gave birth to twin girls this month. At an international conference on Wednesday, he asserted that he was proud of what he had done.
週一,科學家賀建奎宣佈,他利用基因編輯技術Crispr改變胚胎,並將其植入了一名女性的子宮,該名女性在本月生下一對雙胞胎女兒。在週三的一個國際會議上,他堅稱為自己所做的一切感到自豪。
Xu Nanping, China’s vice minister of science and technology, said Dr. He’s work was still being investigated. But based on news reports, he said, Dr. He appeared to have “blatantly violated China’s relevant laws and regulations” and broken “the bottom line of morality and ethics that the academic community adheres to,” the state broadcaster China Central Television reported on Thursday.
中國科技部副部長徐南平表示,對賀建奎工作的調查仍在進行中。根據官方的中央電視臺週四報導,他說,這次媒體報導的基因編輯嬰兒事件「公然違反了我國的相關法規條例」,也突破了「學術界堅守的道德倫理的底線」。
“It is shocking and unacceptable,” Mr. Xu was quoted as saying. “We are resolutely opposed to it.”
這「令人震驚不可接受」,報導引用徐南平的話說,「我們是堅決反對的。」
The suspension follows international condemnation from scientists who maintain that Dr. He’s conduct was unethical. They say there are serious unanswered questions about the safety of embryo editing and a need to make sure that such research is conducted in a transparent, monitored way so the technology is not misused.
在暫停職務之前,國際上的科學家譴責賀建奎的行為不道德。他們表示,胚胎編輯的安全性存在嚴重且尚未解決的問題,需要確保以透明、受監控的方式進行這類研究,以免這項技術遭到濫用。
Mr. Xu had said earlier that Chinese regulations issued in 2003 permitted gene-editing experiments on embryos for research purposes, but only if they remained viable for no more than 14 days.
徐南平早些時候曾表示,中國監管部門在2003年頒佈的法規允許對胚胎進行基因編輯實驗,但前提是這些胚胎的存活時間不超過14天。
On Monday, a group of 122 Chinese scientists issued a statement calling Dr. He’s actions “crazy” and his claims “a huge blow to the global reputation and development of Chinese science.”
週一,122名中國科學家發表連署聲明,稱賀建奎的行為「瘋狂」,他的言論「對於中國科學在全球的聲譽和發展都是重大的打擊」。
At the Second International Summit on Human Genome Editing in Hong Kong on Wednesday, Dr. He acknowledged that he had not made his university in China aware of the research he was doing. He said he had initially paid for the research himself, then later from his university funding.
在週三於香港召開的第二屆人類基因組編輯國際高峰會上,賀建奎承認,他沒有讓他任職的中國大學知道他正在做的這項研究。他表示,最初自己支付了這項研究的費用,後來用的是大學的經費。
Dr. He pushed back against suggestions that he had been secretive about his work, saying that he had presented preliminary aspects of it at conferences and consulted with scientists in the United States and elsewhere. He said he had submitted his research to a scientific journal for review and had not expected to be presenting it at the conference.
賀建奎反駁了有關他對自己的工作守口如瓶的說法,指出他曾在各種會議上展示過初步的研究成果,並諮詢了來自美國和其他地方的科學家。他表示,已經將研究報告提交給了一份科學雜誌進行審議,且原本沒想到會在本次大會上發表。
One of many areas of confusion about Dr. He’s research was the status of a possible pregnancy of a second woman he said he had implanted with an edited embryo. On Wednesday, under questioning from scientists after his talk, Dr. He said there had been a second implantation in an early stage.
關於賀建奎的研究,有許多令人困惑的地方,其中之一是他所說的已經植入了被編輯過的胚胎、可能懷孕的第二名女性的情況。週三,在演講結束後,賀建奎接受了科學家的提問,他表示,第二例植入還處在早期階段。
When asked by Robin Lovell-Badge, a professor of genetics and embryology at the Francis Crick Institute in London, whether by early stage Dr. He meant a “chemical pregnancy” or early miscarriage, Dr. He said “yes.”
當被倫敦Francis Crick Institute的遺傳學和胚胎學教授Robin Lovell-Badge問道,他所說的「早期階段」是指「化學妊娠」(即早期流產)嗎,賀建奎回答,「是的」。
On Thursday, however, Dr. Lovell-Badge told reporters that he could not be sure that Dr. He understood that “chemical pregnancy” referred to a pregnancy that was lost.
然而,Lovell-Badge博士在週四告訴記者,他不能確定賀建奎是否理解「化學妊娠」指的就是流產。
“He doesn’t necessarily know what he’s talking about,” Dr. Lovell-Badge said. “We don’t know. He said he confirmed that essentially they’d done the hormone test for whether or not the woman was pregnant. And the answer is yes. But it’s very early, so it could turn into a chemical pregnancy meaning there was a miscarriage. Many embryos fail to survive.”
「他不一定知道自己在說什麼,」Lovell-Badge博士說,「我們也不知道。他說他可以證實他們已經做了激素檢測,以確定這名女子是否懷孕。答案是肯定的。但現在為時尚早,所以也可能會變成化學妊娠,也就是流產。許多胚胎無法存活。」
Dr. He had been scheduled to speak again at the conference on Thursday, but his talk was canceled.
賀建奎原定於在週四的會議上再次發言,但已被取消。
Dr. Robin Lovell-Badge, who moderated the Wednesday session, said in an email that “it would have been difficult to have sufficient security” for a second talk. He said that Dr. He had decided not to attend after he was told about the security arrangements.
Lovell-Badge博士主持了週三的會議,他在一封電子郵件中說,「很難有足夠的安全措施」保障賀建奎的第二次發言。他表示,賀建奎在得知安保安排後,決定不再參加。
Dr. Lovell-Badge said Thursday that the organizers had felt it was “important to give Dr. He a platform to present what he had done.”
Lovell-Badge博士週四表示,主辦方認為,「給賀建奎一個展示他所做的事情的平臺很重要。」
“We therefore do not regret at all allowing him to present yesterday, but giving him a second opportunity today might also have been viewed as support for him,” he said. “This is another reason the committee did not want him back today.”
「因此,我們一點也不後悔允許他昨天發表演講,但今天給他第二次機會也可能被視為對他的支援,」他說,「這也是委員會不希望他今天再次現身的另一個原因。」
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【Nikon 2018年微觀世界短片冠軍:發育中的斑馬魚脊髓神經元】
在脊髓中整齊排列的感覺神經元胞體,像在黑暗中探索似地長出軸突遍佈透明斑馬魚胚胎的全身,最後形成一幅如碎形幾何藝術品或是黑夜中的螢光樹林般美麗的畫面。
這是 University of Wisconsin-Madison 的 Dr. Elizabeth Haynes 和 Jiaye “Henry” He 為了研究神經系統發育錄下的畫面,獲得 Nikon Small World in Motion 2018年微觀世界錄影的冠軍。他們運用基因改造會在感覺神經元表現螢光蛋白 GFP 的斑馬魚,捕捉了在發育中的胚胎脊髓裡兩排神經元成長16個小時的清晰畫面。
拍下這個短片是十分不容易的!顯微鏡技術師 Jiaye He 解釋傳統的作法將斑馬魚胚胎固定在洋菜膠上,但是那樣會限制胚胎的成長,他們選擇讓胚胎在水中自然發育,但這樣做胚胎很容易就會跑掉偏離畫面。除此之外,為了避免傳統的螢光成像技術傷害到胚胎,他們特別打造了可以發出更快速雷射脈衝的顯微鏡。
Dr. Elizabeth Haynes 研究不同類型的細胞骨架肌動蛋白(actin)在軸突發育中的功能,他說:「我希望大家看到這個影片時,可以了解我們和其他生物的發育有多少共同之處。發育中可能出現的錯誤太多,但是大部分的時候神經細胞都知道要往那裡去,這真是非常神奇!科學和自然中存在了這麼多藝術,我們非常幸運地能看到它們。」
微觀世界錄影的其他前五名入選作品也非常精彩:第二名是綠色雷射光束通過肥皂水時產生干涉,形成超級迷幻七彩的畫面;第三名看起來像滑稽的蟲蟲吹笛,其實是多毛綱動物在消化食物,還有可愛的水蚤媽媽生寶寶和老鼠B淋巴球受抗原刺激後細胞骨架肌動蛋白的變化。
前往這個連結觀賞前五名的短片吧!
https://www.nikonsmallworld.com/…/2018-small-world-in-motio…
詳情參考:
Developing Sensory Nervous System of a Zebrafish Wins 2018 Nikon Small World in Motion Competition
https://globenewswire.com/…/Developing-Sensory-Nervous-Syst…
This video, showing the nervous system growing in a developing zebrafish embryo over a 16 hour period, is the winner of the 2018 Nikon Small World in Motion competition. (Credit: Elizabeth Haynes & Jiaye He)
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