[Two melded into one]
國安法首審進入最後判刑程序,早前傳出負責審議此案的三名法官,在兩日前判處唐英傑兩項罪名成立後,受到電話恐嚇。今早「求情」程序開始,法庭的保安措施明顯加強。高等法院地下門外駐守了約20名軍裝警員,而三樓的一庭外,亦有大量穿「警察」背心的便衣警員出現。
庭內平日有兩位外判保安員坐在當眼位置。他或她平日穿着寫有保安公司名字的白色制服,均為上年紀的中年男女。但今天,坐在這些位置的人,卻換了幾位穿西裝結領呔的男子,相信為便衣警員。兩名西裝男子坐在法官席與記者席中間,旁邊再加一位外判保安;另一位坐在犯人欄前面。
早上9時50分,清脆的金屬聲從法庭後方響起,懲教職員亮起腰間掛着的大串銀色鎖匙,咔嚓一聲,一名穿墨綠色懲教制服職員,把犯人欄打開,他走到庭內把文件交給法庭書記,自行回到犯人欄裡。
不一會,三名懲教職員押送唐英傑進入犯人欄。懲教職員今天的坐位清楚以三角型陣式,唐則坐在欄內角落。辯護律師團把握機會急步走近,俯腰跟唐談話。由於犯人欄加設膠片以隔飛沫,談話有點困難。
這天坐在家屬席的親友有多位,一名身型壯碩穿白色T恤的中年男士頭髮微白,有女性親手拍一拍他的肩略作安慰。唐亦多次望向親友席揮手,或在審訊期間,以手指及雙手放在胸口造心心手勢,向親友打招呼。據知唐母及唐父均有到庭。
早上10時8分開庭,八旬的外籍辯方律師Clive Grossman以柔軟的英語說:「明顯地,這是第一宗國安法案件,被坊間廣泛談論,被大幅報導,消息已經傳播到很遠。人們知道犯了國安法後果嚴重。」說時他眨了眨眼,扯一扯大狀袍。
「他(唐)是第一名被控告的人,我們要以全新的眼光,只聚焦這宗案的個別事實(peculiar facts),只看這宗案的狀況。他已向社區發出訊息,就是不要幹這些事。」
Grossman引述國安法條文關於判刑的段落,唐涉及的「分裂國家罪」(國安法20及21條)「情節嚴重的判5-10年」「情節較輕的判5年以下」。另一控罪「恐怖活動罪」(國安法24 條)「若有前科、引致重傷死亡,或公私財產受重大損失」的判10年至無期徒刑,「其他情形」則判3至10年。
Grossman指出,唐並沒有籌劃組織甚麼,只是開着一支插了幟的電單車,「無疑他是魯莽駕駛 (reckless driving),沒有人受影響,除了有些圍觀的人拍掌喝采,這應該是『情節較輕』的煽動。」
皮膚泛紅,尖鼻子眼袋大的Grossman攤一攤手續說:「至於恐怖活動,他(唐)不是有意襲擊警方,受傷警察的傷勢亦不算嚴重。唐亦沒有撞爛甚麼物件。」
坊間特別關注,兩項控罪是「同期執行」還是「分期執行」。早前法院判處兩宗非法集結罪,會提出若控罪本質相類似,會扣減總刑期的造法。
Grossman指出:「法庭在處理兩項控罪,都有提及被告駕駛如何惡劣,兩個控罪『煽動』與『恐怖活動』是否可以合以為一去處理 (two offences melded into one)?」
法庭處理求情,辯方有時會在庭上讀出親友師長撰寫的求情信內容。Grossman簡單處理,他輕輕說:「我只是想說,這是一位有為青年(decent young man who do something very very stupid)。他只是做了一件很愚蠢的事,取笑警察,魯莽開車,但他不是想謀殺警察。」
Grossman補充道,唐英傑正修讀管理及英語課程,急救課程則未完成,在社會運動中曾照顧傷者,他日唐重獲自由,可以在餐廳及咖啡店找到工作。
「他(唐)向警察表達真摯的歉意。我很久之前見到他,他已經跟我說過這事。我重申,他對警察表達道歉及悔意。」
Grossman再說:「這次對他來說是一個大教訓。他(唐)的人生已經被毁了,受到重大影響。他明白法庭對他的批評。我只是希望法庭對他寬大處理。」說完,Grossman彎腰跟旁邊的劉偉聰大狀及另一名女大狀商討,之後便說:「These are my submission」。簡短求情完成。
法官杜麗冰跟Grossman澄清了幾點唐英傑的背景:「他教育程度到中五?在餐廳任厨師?」Grossman澄清:「不是厨師,是侍應。」唐與父親及妹妹同住公屋單位,父母已離異,唐供養仍在求學的妹妹。法庭上披露,唐的祖母患有癌症。
三位法官退後商議片刻回到席上,彭寶琴法官提問,引述判詞與Grossman斟酌,「你提及被告人魯莽駕駛 (reckless driving),然而法庭認為被告人在警方防線有機會停車,被警告仍然不停車,被發射胡椒球槍仍向前開車。」
Grossman堅持,唐英傑在頭三條條防線沒有撞向警察,是迴避了撞向警員。彭官不同意:「你可以有你的意見,但法庭並不接納,已經在判詞上反映了。」
彭官亦指,Grossman那句「兩控罪二合為一」的說法不清楚,着他解釋。Grossman指因為法庭判兩罪時,綜合了整件事來看,就是一個人插着旗開快車。「兩控罪互相摻合,不是不同日子的不同罪案。」
杜官及彭官都說,兩罪來自同一組事實。但彭官補充:「不爭議的是,兩控是來自同一組事實,但兩罪是分開和明確的(two offences are separate and distinct)。」
此時唯一男法官陳嘉信再說,「『恐怖活動罪』是來自被告直接衝擊警方防線,而警方是法紀的象徵;至於『煽動分裂國家罪』是關於被告展示帶有分裂國家意思口號的旗幟巡遊。法庭需要分開來審視兩條控罪 (the court is entitled to look at the matter separately) 。」
辯方與法官們交換了判刑觀點後,控方此時提出一些補充。
以往代表控方的周天行今天缺席,由律政司署理助理刑事檢控專員張卓勤代表,他戴着大律師假髮。
張專員向法庭提供了海外判刑案例,亦提供了一份中華人民共和國的判刑參考資料。張專員在庭上提及的英語是 “PRC law legal texts” 。張指相關資料指出,中華人民共和國當局對「最低刑期」是不會少於字面上的年期。
杜官指,海外的案例對法庭具是 “interesting” 但卻沒有「約束力」“not binding”.
Grossman直接指出,「中華人民共和國法律和香港國安法不相關。」
三官討論之後,彭官總結:「控方認為中華人民共和國法律參考資料是相關的。法庭告訴你,我們會跟據香港國安法,及以往香港法律一向使用的工具和法定詮釋。」張專員表示明白。
雙方曾經用了不少時間爭議充公證物的問題。辯方爭取讓唐英傑拿回開電單車的衣物及保護裝備,個人電話等。控方則指出,某些電子產品中有「光時」相關物品。
Grossman爭取替唐拿回一些物品:「(唐)坐牢出來可能想拿回物品做救護工作,這些東西他將來利用作犯案的機會微乎其微。」
Grossman亦指出,這是第一宗國安法審訊,有可能上訴至更高法院,擔心證物被干擾;法官們則反駁,上訴程序和充公證物是兩回事。Grossman則指:「始終這是第一單國安案件,we don’t know what we don’t know.」
We don’t know what we don’t know. 第一宗國安法,在沒有案例情況下,審訊、判決、判刑的過程,成為大眾關注焦點。
三名法官最後宣佈,於一天之後,(7月30日)周五下午三時,宣判刑期。散庭時,律師走到唐英傑身旁商議案情,而唐被押送離開犯人欄進入羈留室時,幾位女性親友向他揮手並喊道:「聽日見!」
在庭外,多名記者向張卓勤專員查問,律政司向法庭呈交的「中華人民共和國法律文件」是甚麼。張專員只重申,該資料是「國內法律書籍」,內容「提及國內刑法」,該書「包含法律內容及評論」,而他在庭上向法庭提及的是國內法律的一個總的原則,就是「最低刑期」在判刑時「不可以少於(法律條文寫明)的最低刑期」。
本地及外國媒體記者多番請張專員提供該「國內法律書籍」的名字,並有人追問「是官方還是學者撰寫」?但張專員表示不方便提供,只說了一句:「本書係以簡體字出版」。
張專員離開時,分別以英文及中文澄清他是自行找書籍參考:「我係冇搵過任何國內人士,或國內特別人士,我要特別講呢一點」。
(圖為今天高等法庭外情況)
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
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submission法律 在 國立臺灣大學 National Taiwan University Facebook 的最佳貼文
【教學及學生申辦業務請務必配合防疫措施辦理】(#5月21日更新)
Teaching and students’ application please cope with epidemic procedures (#UpdatedMay21)
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各位好:
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因臺北市及新北市已有多起染疫個案,且持續增加中,疫情已是警戒標準的第三階段,除校方已於5月14日發布本校各項防疫措施以茲因應外,有關教學及學生申辦業務相關因應措施,務必配合辦理:
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(1) #5月17日起至本學期結束(109-2),#本校所有課程 (#含期末考) #全面採用遠距或線上方式辦理。教師可善用學校新一代數位教學平台 NTU COOL,上傳課程影片進行非同步之遠距教學及進行線上測驗。有關期末考評量方式,本校提供在家線上測驗、線上口頭報告及互評或線上實作演練等彈性辦理形式,請參閱附檔( http://curri.aca.ntu.edu.tw/covid/課程評量調整建議.pdf ),並請老師預作準務必遵守防疫規範。
(2) 教務處原先各項需透過授課教師、導師、指導教授、系所及其主管等親簽之文件,包含停修、休學、輔雙等臨櫃業務,改採變通方式辦理。學生得透過e-mail附帶已填妥之相關表單及/或檔案,寄送該表單給老師及承辦單位,以老師及承辦單位同意之e-mail取代簽名後,再由申請學生將e-mail轉寄所屬教務單位承辦同仁。惟仍依各項申請規定之截止時間辦理。
(3)碩博士生學位考試得以視訊方式進行。#遠距口試的委員仍將致送口試費用,#但不得請領車馬費。委員簽名可採電子簽名。
(4)因應疫情,109-2學期繳交論文的截止時間延至8月31日,因隔天就是下一個學期開學日了。口試的時間也彈性處理,只要碩博士班學生能夠在8月31日以前完成繳交論文程序,就能如期畢業,如果無法在8月31日前完成繳交論文的程序,則下一個學期須註冊繳費,而修業期限屆滿者應令退學。
※教務處註冊組承辦人員資訊:
http://www.aca.ntu.edu.tw/reg/sections_detail.asp?id=2
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下列各院、系學士班學生,請mail給教務處註冊組承辦人:
(1) 文、理、社、工、生物資源暨農、管理、電機資訊、法律、生命科學院。
(2) 醫學院:護理系一年級、除學士後護理學系外其他系一、二年級。
(3) 公共衛生學院一年級。
※教務處課務組承辦人員資訊:
http://www.aca.ntu.edu.tw/curri/cur_staff.asp?id=2
※教務處研究生教務組承辦人員資訊:
http://www.aca.ntu.edu.tw/gra/sections_detail.asp?id=2
下列各院、系 (所) 之碩、博士班研究生,請mail給教務處註冊組承辦人:
文、理、社會、工、生物資源暨農、管理、電機資訊、法律、生命科學院。
※醫學院教務分處承辦人員資訊:
http://www.aca.ntu.edu.tw/macd/sections_detail.asp?id=2
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下列學生請mail給教務處註冊組承辦人:
(1) 醫學院:學士後護理學系所有學生;護理系學士班二年級以上及其他系三年級以上學生;各系 (所) 研究生。
(2) 公共衛生學院:公衛系學士班二年級以上學生及各系 (所) 研究生。
※教務處數位學習中心承辦人員資訊:
錄製課程相關諮詢 /
02-3366-3367 #566、563、586
NTU COOL數位教學平台 /
02-3366-3367 #598、02- 3366-3366 #25580
數位TA申請 /
02-3366-3367#584
U Meeting、U Webinar /
02-3366-3367#532
若老師在教學數位化上有任何問題,請參考數位學習中心專頁 (https://www.dlc.ntu.edu.tw/superkit/)
由衷感激大家在此時局的諒解、配合!
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教務處 敬上
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Dear NTU community members,
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Due to a rapid escalation in the number of COVID-19 cases in Taipei City and New Taipei City recently, the epidemic situation is now approaching Alert Level 3 (orange light). In response to this urgency, the University is asking all academic and administrative units to comply with the following preventive measures:
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1) Starting May 17th, all classes will be switched to remote-only instruction for the rest of the spring semester. Instructors can upload their lecture videos to NTU COOL. Since the epidemic is escalating, the alternative to on-site final exam for assessing students’ learning outcome is strongly recommended and planned in advance. The University provides mechanisms for conducting online testing, online oral reporting, peer assessment and online drills. Please refer to the attached document in preparation for such eventualities. ( http://curri.aca.ntu.edu.tw/covid/課程評量調整建議_eng.pdf )
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2) To prevent the epidemic, all application forms with review and/or signature from course instructors, mentors, advisors, and/or supervisors of departments/graduate institutes/degree programs (Course Withdrawal, Leave of Absence, Dropping Double Major and/or Minor Study etc. are included) can be replaced with flexible application procedures. Students can mail to the person and/or unit in charge with application form as attachment. If they approve your application, please forward this approved mail to the according unit of Office of Academic Affairs [note]. Late submissions will not be accepted.
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3) Graduate students can take their master’s or Ph.D. thesis/dissertation defense through the video conference. The signature of the committee member can be replaced by an electronic scan. The committee members who use the video method to conduct the master’s or Ph.D. thesis/dissertation defense are allowed to apply for their attendance fee, but not allowed to apply for their travel allowance.
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4) In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the deadline of the thesis/dissertation submission for the second semester of the Academic Year 2020-2021 has been extended to August 31, 2021 because the next day is the first day of classes for the next semester. The deadline for the thesis/dissertation defense is also flexible. As long as the Master’s and Ph.D. students can complete their thesis/dissertation submission process by August 31, 2021, they will be able to graduate on schedule. If the students are unable to complete the process of submitting their thesis/dissertation by August 31, 2021, they have to pay the tuition and fees for the next semester, and if their maximum period of study has expired, they shall be ordered to be withdrawn from the university.
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[NOTE] Students affiliated in the following units shall mail to the Branch Office of Academic Affairs of the College of Medicine: Second Degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing (all students), Department of Nursing (sophomores and above), other undergraduate departments of the College of Medicine (juniors and above) and Department of Public Health (sophomores and above); other undergraduate students shall mail to Undergraduate Academic Affairs Division. Graduate students of the College of Medicine and the College of Public Health shall mail to the Branch Office of Academic Affairs of the College of Medicine; graduate students from other colleges shall mail to Graduate Academic Affairs Division.
Undergraduate Academic Affairs Division:
http://www.aca.ntu.edu.tw/eaca/reg/sections_detail.asp?id=2
Graduate Academic Affairs Division:
http://www.aca.ntu.edu.tw/eaca/gra/sections_detail.asp?id=2
Branch Office of Academic Affairs of the College of Medicine:
http://www.aca.ntu.edu.tw/eaca/macd/sections_detail.asp?id=2
Center for Teaching and Learning Development & Digital Learning Center:
Digitalizing your courses:
02-3366-3367 #566、583
NTU COOL:
02-3366-3367 #598、580
Application for teaching assistants for digital courses:
02-3366-3367 #584
U Meeting/ U Webinar:
02- 3366-3367 #532
If there is any problem, you can refer to ntu-dlc’s website (https://www.dlc.ntu.edu.tw/superkit/) for help.
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Thank you again for your ongoing commitment to our campus and our mission during this time of challenges and change. We will find a way forward, and a way to be together again as a community in the nearer future.
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With appreciation,
Office of Academic Affairs
submission法律 在 李卓人 Lee Cheuk Yan Facebook 的最佳貼文
(Scroll down for english version)
「歷史將宣判我們無罪!」
李卓人8.31案法庭陳情書
法官閣下,我在此認罪,但我在捍衛人民和平遊行和集會自由上,並沒有做錯任何事。我相信歷史將會宣判我們無罪。在此請讓我向你講述更多我的背景,那樣你就能更理解我為何要為了香港的未來,與人民共同走上街頭。
#新時代由政治犯開創
作為一名基督徒,我在復活節期間聽讀經員閱讀聖經,提醒了我,耶穌為世人犧牲,被釘上十字架,使罪人與神和解。從被捕到被控到被彼拉多(Pilate)判死刑,祂也是一名政治犯,沒有犯罪,但因為服務窮人和傳福音,而威脅到猶太統治階層。
縱觀人類歷史文明,我們現在享有的權利,也是由一眾政治犯,諸如甘地、馬丁路德金和納爾遜·曼德拉所開創的。在80年代,我是「香港反種族隔離運動」的主席,我一直將納爾遜·曼德拉在1963年遭審判所言銘記於心。他說:「願意為我的理想而犧牲自己生命。」他的理想是爭取南非黑人的平權,然後就被判刑27年。我為他在1994年當選南非總統而感到興奮,他給予了全世界受壓逼的人民希望,讓他們知道透過堅持不懈的鬥爭,可以達致公義。
#曼德拉給我的啟發
我花了一些時間去講曼德拉帶給我的啟發,因為我是從1978年起投身到勞工權益和民主運動的。我畢生的理想,就是讓基層和被壓逼者勇於發聲和站起來爭取屬於他們的權利。每當那些被壓逼者起來捍衛他們的權利,為尊嚴而抗爭時,我也會受到鼓舞,並得到力量去繼續面對香港正面臨的艱苦奮鬥和挑戰。我曾問自己,沒有抗爭,我的人生將會是如何?這已是我第43年投身於民主運動,法官閣下,你必須明白當我目睹國家權力如何使用武力鎮壓人民,令香港人受傷、受牢獄之苦或是流亡,以及香港民主倒退,人民的權利遭剝奪之時,心裏的痛苦和折磨。我看到我的理想正在崩潰,但即使被黑暗籠罩,也無阻我繼續為理想奮鬥的決心。為了這一理想,我甘願承受任何懲罰。
法官閣下可能會說,法律就是法律,而我好像沒有就八三一案展露出絲毫悔意。我希望法官閣下明白,我是何等重視人民透過言論和集會所彰顯的自由。這是弱勢和受壓逼者尋求公義的唯一路徑。剝奪了這種權利,形同制度對人民施暴。我不願看見香港人活在建基於制度暴力的管治之中。因此,我會竭盡所能,伸張人們有尊嚴及和平遊行去發達意見的權利。
#最壞的尚未來臨
#法庭要睜開眼睛
我十分尊重法官閣下維護法治的熱誠。在此,我希望能引用已故法官Ruth Bader Ginsburg的話:
「法官們會不斷思考和改變,我希望倘若今日法庭有盲點,明日它將會睜開眼。」
我十分敬佩Ginsburg為了性別平權奮鬥一生,成就斐然。她告訴我們,法官應該與時並進,趕上不斷在變遷的時代。在香港,最壞的尚未來臨,我們需要法律界人士去睜開雙眼,觀看人民的苦難,並反思法律在這個時代的立足點,如何隨時代變遷而轉變,以捍衞人民的尊嚴與權利。
2021年4月7日
"History will absolve us"
Submission of Lee Cheuk Yan to the Court
Your Honour, I plead guilty but I’ve done no wrong in affirming the rights of people to peaceful procession and I believe history will absolve us. May I give you more on my background so as your honour can understand why I decided to march with the people for the future of Hong Kong.
As a Christian, during Easter when the scripture was read, I was reminded how Christ went to meet his fate on the cross, sacrificing for mankind to reconcile sinners with God. From His arrest to his prosecution to his death sentencing by Pilate, he was a political prisoner who committed no crime apart from seen to be a threat to the Jewish Hierarchy by serving the poor and oppressed and preaching the good news.
Throughout history of mankind, the rights that humankind now enjoyed were pioneered by political prisoners from Gandhi to Martin Luther King to Nelson Mandela. I was the Chairman of Hong Kong anti apartheid movement back in the 80s and I always remember the determination of Nelson Mandela when he said during his trial back in 1963: “an ideal for which I am prepared to die for.”. His ideal was the equality for black South African and then he spent 27 years in jail. I was thrilled that in 1994, he was elected President of South Africa, giving hope to oppressed all over the world that justice can be achieve through the persistent struggle of the people.
I went to length about his inspiration to me personally because I started my activism starting 1978 for labour rights and democracy. My lifetime ideal is the empowerment of the poor and oppressed to speak out, to rise up for their rights. Whenever the oppressed assert their rights to fight for their dignity, I feel myself also empowered and inspired to continue the difficult struggle and challenges facing Hong Kong. I asked myself, what is my life without the struggle. The struggle is my life, I cannot imagine my life without it. It had been forty three years of struggle for me and your Honour must understand my deep felt pain and sufferings to see how the State Power had been using brute force against the people and the sacrifices of so many Hongkongers who were injured, jailed or exiled, also to witness the deprivation of the basic rights of the people and the regression in democracy. I saw my ideal crumbling but I will continue the struggle even though darkness is surrounding us. It is an ideal for which I am prepared for any sanction.
Your Honour may say the law is the law, I seems not show any remorse in breaching law in this trial for August 31st. I hope Your Honour understand the utmost importance I put on the rights to freedom of expression through speech or assembly. This is the only avenue the weak and oppressed can have to right the wrongs on them. If deprived, I will call this systemic violence on the people and I do not want to see Hong Kong rule on the basis of such systemic violence. Therefore I would do my utmost to affirm the rights of people to a dignified and peaceful procession to express themselves.
Your Honour must be passionate about upholding the law and I respect your ideal. I hope I can quote from the late Judge Ruth Bader Ginsburg:
“Justices continue to think and can change. I am ever hopeful that if the court has a blind spot today, its eye will be open tomorrow”
I was very impressed with her passion for gender equality and how she fought her whole life for gender equality and was able to achieve so much. Her message was time changes and judges should catch up with time. For Hong Kong, the worst may yet to come, and we need the legal profession to open their eyes to the suffering of the people and reflect on which side the law is with and how to changes with time for the advancement of the rights and dignity of the people.
I humbly submit myself to your sentencing and whatever your sentence, I have no regret for standing up for the rights of the people.
7th April, 2021
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