【基因問題】蠶豆症是香港最常見的新陳代謝遺傳病
⭐香港人在醫院出生時已透過臍帶血篩查
⭐每40個嬰兒就有1個為蠶豆寶寶
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認識G6PD缺乏症
有認識家有G6PD寶寶的朋友，會發現他們對寶寶的飲食、生活異常緊張，不要以為他有小朋友而變成「緊張大師」，而是G6PD這個遺傳病處理不當可以致命。
G6PD全名為葡萄糖六磷酸去氫酵素缺乏症，俗稱蠶豆症，患者終生不能接觸蠶豆等食物、藥物及用品，一旦接觸會導致急性溶血，出現呼吸不暢、心跳加速、眼白泛黃、小便茶色、面色蒼白、疲倦等症狀。大部份患者日常生活沒有症狀，只要日常生活多加留意，就能避免病發。
引發蠶豆症出現急性溶血的物質：
- 蠶豆及相關製品，例如粉絲/粉皮
- 部份中藥材例如珍珠末（出現在保嬰丹）、金銀花（出現在五花茶/廿四味）、臘梅花、黃連、牛黃、薄荷等
- 特定化學物質例如萘（出現在臭丸、防蟲貼中）
- 某些抗生素、抗瘧疾用藥、部份止痛退燒藥
每人體質和情況都不一樣，接觸引致病發物質的濃度和時間亦不相同，如有疑問宜向醫生或註冊中醫師查詢。
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Get to know G6PD deficiency
If you know any parents who have a child with the G6PD deficiency, you will realize the parents are constantly worried for their child’s health and diet. Before you label them as helicopter parents, it is good to understand how life threatening this health condition can be.
Patients with G6PD deficiency, or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, must avoid any consumable items related to fava bean (also known as broad bean). If consumed, they may experience acute hemolysis, breathing difficulties, palpitation, and fatigue. The whites of their eyes would turn yellow, their face would turn pale, and their urine would be dark or yellow-orange in color.
Individuals with this disorder generally do not exhibit symptoms in their daily lives, but they need to keep a watchful eye on their habits.
Consumable items that might trigger acute hemolysis in patients with G6PD deficiency:
-fava bean and its related products such as vermicelli and green bean noodle
-some Chinese medicines such as pearl powder (used in Bo Ying Compound), honeysuckle (used in five-flower tea and twenty-four-flavours Tea), flower of wintersweet, Chinese goldthread ('Huang Lian'), ox bezoars ('Niu Huang'), and mint
-certain chemicals such as naphthalene (used in mothball and sticky trap)
-certain antibiotics, anti-malaria medicines, painkillers, and fever reducers
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