📜 [專欄新文章] 2019 台北以太坊社群回顧
✍️ Juin Chiu
📥 歡迎投稿: https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium
很快地,2019 年過去了,台北以太坊社群(TEM)也滿 3 歲了,過去一年,TEM 完成了許多重大的里程碑:
舉辦台灣最大的區塊鏈技術研討會 Crosslink
主持台灣開源界最大的研討會 COSCUP 的區塊鏈議程
參加世界最大的區塊鏈技術研討會 DEVCON
Medium 專欄累積 30+ 篇優質文章
Youtube 頻道累積 50+ 個技術演講
在這篇文章中,我們首先來審視 2019 年以太坊取得重大進展的技術:以太坊2.0與零知識證明,接著再回顧 TEM 於 2019 的優質專欄文章。
*本文由 Juin Chiu 與 Chih-Cheng Liang 共同整理
以太坊重大進展
以太坊2.0的信標鏈
對一般大眾最重要最能吸收的事情大概是 Eth2.0 的信標鏈有測試網路了。透過儀表板網站 www.beaconcha.in 可以看見 Prysmatic Labs 團隊的測試網路的動態。細節很多,但本文就只談這張圖最上面有出現的東西。
在 Eth2.0 沒有挖礦和礦工了,取而代之的是抵押以太幣的驗證者(Validator)來成為資料的寫入者。因此也沒有「區塊時間」這個詞了,新協定以 12 秒為一個「時段」(Slot),信標鏈隨機分配驗證者在指定的時間點產出區塊。在 32 個時段的時間,稱為一個「時期」(Epoch),約 6.4 分鐘,信標鏈會處理驗證者的賞、罰、進、出。在儀表板的左上角可以看到 Epoch 與 Slot 的數字,代表距離最早最古老的區塊多久了。
要怎麼成為驗證者呢?首先要在以太坊 1.0 主網路的抵押合約上,送出一筆交易(在信標鏈測試網路則是送到 Goerli 測試網路)。這筆交易會註冊驗證者的公鑰,並且存入押金(在正式網路是 32 ETH ,測試網路則是 3.2 ETH)。送完之後就排隊等待信標鏈激活驗證者,驗證者就需要開始執行信標鏈分配的任務了。在畫面中間可以看到左邊是 27539 個活躍的驗證者,右邊則是有 4623 個排隊進入的。
在這種基於押金的網路,系統的威脅來自於攻擊者買通大量驗證者,送出矛盾訊息,致使於系統不同節點無法取得共識,鏈資料不可挽回的分叉為兩條。因此系統累積的總押金越多,代表攻擊者成本越高。畫面最右上角左邊即為總押金,右邊為平均一個驗證者的餘額。
假期間和親朋好友一起跑一個驗證者節點,是個活絡氣氛的好活動。要做到這件事,目前 Prysm 客戶端有最友善的介面,請點 連結。程式也用 Docker 包好了,免煩惱安裝。
也記得 Eth2.0 協定有 9 個團隊 用不同程式語言實作。例如:有 Python 語言的客戶端 Trinity ,以及 Rust 語言客戶端 Lighthouse。基本上不用擔心找不到自己喜歡的程式語言的實作。
零知識證明
2019 年,零知識證明的理論與應用也突飛猛進,Kimi Wu 剛好寫了一篇很棒的文獻調查。
前年底提出的 zk rollup,目前由 Matter Labs 在開發,Matter Labs更在上個月(2019/12)發表了 ZK Sync,解決了因為產生證明(proof)而延伸的延遲問題。
此外 Iden3 跟 ConsenSys 也有 zk rollup 的專案。在以太坊研究論壇有基於 zk rollup 的一個提案,是可以達到 匿名性的 zk rollup。
Semaphore是一個基於零知識證明的一個訊號系統,發送者可以不揭露身份的狀況下廣播任何訊息(an arbitrary string)。 Semaphorejs 延續 Semaphore 的核心概念,並將整個概念更加完整化,從前端網頁到後端服務。
這兩年才發表的 zk-STARKs,也在去年年初跟 0x 合作,推出基於 zk-STARKs 的 去中心化交易所。
在技術上,去年下半年有新的論文,使用 DARK compiler 可以讓 SNARKs 達到公開性(Transparent)。還有 MARLIN, SONIC, PLONK 等可通用且可更新的可信設定(trusted setup)。STARKs 的 FRI 驗證方式也默默地跟 SNARKs 做結合。(東西越來越多,根本看不完 QQ)
零知識證明在區塊鏈的重要用途就是「擴展」和「隱私」。技術上的進展,一般可以觀察證明方產出證明的時間、證明的資料大小、驗證方驗證的時間、需不需要可信設定、可信設定有什麼限制、以及抵抗量子電腦的能力。
社群專欄優質文章
Crossslink 2019
Crosslink 2019 Taiwan|以太坊 2.0 的未來藍圖及挑戰
Crosslink Recap: Design pattern: build your first profitable DApp and smart contract
Private key security and protection / 私錀的安全與保護 — Tim Hsu
Crosslink 2019 Taiwan|LibraBridge: 橋接 Libra 與 Ethereum
Aragon Fundraising:下一代的去中心化募資平台
The next generation Ethereum Virtual Machine — Ewasm VM
libp2p — 模組化的點對點網路協議
教學(Tutorial)
一分鐘做出自己的代幣購買App
Web3 Java 開發:用 Geth、Ganache 及 Infura 測試和 Smart Contract 互動
Let’s Capture The Flag! Etheruem CTF Tutorial 從零開始破解智能合約漏洞!
Your First Transaction on Facebook Libra — 動手玩 Libra
ELI5! 區塊鏈到底在幹嘛?
共識協定(Consensus)
Casper FFG:以實現權益證明為目標的共識協定
Casper FFG 與 Casper CBC 的瑜亮情結
若想搞懂區塊鏈就不能忽視的經典:PBFT
密碼學(Cryptography)
Ethereum RNG (RANDAO & VDF)
深入瞭解 zk-SNARKs
瞭解神秘的 ZK-STARKs
隱私性與匿名性(Privacy and Anonymity)
新一代加密貨幣Grin和MimbleWimble區塊鏈解析
Monero.門羅幣 隱匿交易的基礎介紹
隱私、區塊鏈與洋蔥路由
資料可得性(Data Availability)
Data Availability on Ethereum 2.0 Light Node
Fraud and Data Availability Proofs
點對點網路(p2p Network)
連Ethereum都在用!用一個例子徹底理解DHT
針對DHT的花式攻擊與精簡對策
智能合約(Smart Contract)
深入解析Solidity合約
Upgradable Smart Contracts using zos
Reason Why You Should Use EIP1167 Proxy Contract. (With Tutorial)
去中心化金融(DeFi)
DeFi 項目《Uniswap》完整解析(一)Uniswap 是什麼?
解析 DeFi 項目《Uniswap》(二)Uniswap 如何使用?
去中心化身份(DID)
我們與「身份自主」的距離
其他(Miscellaneous)
論言論自由
作為負債的控制
0x 黑客松 — 獲獎作品回顧與分析
技術解析台灣交易所BitoPro駭客攻擊
總結
2019 是個樸實無華但充實的一年,除了在底層技術方面有所進展,在應用方面,例如去中心化金融(DeFi)與去中心化身份(DID),也逐漸獲得大眾的興趣,期待 2020 年區塊鏈能為這世界帶來更多驚奇!
2019 台北以太坊社群回顧 was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.
👏 歡迎轉載分享鼓掌
同時也有2部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過0的網紅SiennyLoves Drawing,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Rentak Selangor 2019 aims to educating, promoting & sharing the "Dendang Hati ?, Lagu Jiwa?, Irama Kita ?" to the public Beats of Selangor ? ~ Chines...
「string flag」的推薦目錄:
- 關於string flag 在 Taipei Ethereum Meetup Facebook 的最佳解答
- 關於string flag 在 SiennyLoves Drawing Youtube 的最佳貼文
- 關於string flag 在 C's English Corner 英文角落 Youtube 的最佳貼文
- 關於string flag 在 go/src/flag/flag.go at master · golang/go 的評價
- 關於string flag 在 bazel doesn't override default value of a string flag when ... 的評價
- 關於string flag 在 Flags (JavaMail API documentation) 的評價
- 關於string flag 在 How to Make A Bunting Flag String for Canada Day ... - YouTube 的評價
string flag 在 SiennyLoves Drawing Youtube 的最佳貼文
Rentak Selangor 2019 aims to educating, promoting & sharing the "Dendang Hati ?, Lagu Jiwa?, Irama Kita ?" to the public
Beats of Selangor ? ~ Chinese
A great ?? efforts of Catholic High School (CHS) to preserve the Chinese heritage, art & cultures to ? generation ?????????? of all Malaysians ????? Sharing some of the details which all credited to her media friend, Ms Lily ??♀️;
Chinese Orchestra
It's based on the structure & principles of a Western symphony orchestra using Chinese instruments. The orchestra is divided into 4️⃣ sections ~ wind, plucked strings, bow strings & percussion. It's usually performs modernized traditional music. Some of the instruments used are;
1️⃣ Erhu 二胡
✅ It's 1 of the most important Chinese instruments, with a
history of over 4K years
✅ It's a 2️⃣-stringed bowed Chinese musical instrument,
AKA the Chinese violin / Chinese 2️⃣-stringed fiddle
✅ It can be used in both traditional & contemporary music
arrangements; pop, rock & jazz
✅ It's played vertically, resting on the musician's lap. It has ❌
fingerboard, hence the player's fingers must hold & vibrate the
strings by pressing only against the strings themselves
2️⃣ Pipa 琵琶
✅ It's a 4️⃣-stringed Chinese musical instrument, AKA Chinese lute
✅ It has been played for almost 2K years in China & existed
as early as the Han dynasty
✅ It was once reigned as the “king” of Chinese folk instruments
✅ The instrument has a pear-shaped wooden body & the string
was once made of silk, however today, it is made of nylon-wrapped
steel. Silk strings were played either with a plectrum / with bare
fingers, but steel strings are played with finger picks
3️⃣ Dulcimer 扬琴
✅ AKA yangqin (扬琴) is believed to have originated in Central
Asia & was brought to China by sea-faring European traders at the end of the Ming Dynasty (around AD 1600).
✅ Classified as a plucked string instrument, the Chinese yangqin is also a
hammered dulcimer that is played with rubber-tipped sticks.
✅ The modern dulcimer has been rationalized & has become an essential
instrument in the Chinese orchestra
✅ It's used both as a solo instrument & in ensembles
4️⃣ Bamboo flute 笛子
✅ It's a Chinese transverse flute / Chinese bamboo flute
✅ Traditionally & most of the dizi is made by using (a single piece of) bamboo
✅ It's played using circular breathing "advanced" techniques
✅ It's a key Chinese musical instrument & is used in Chinese folk
music, opera & modern Chinese orchestra
Wushu (武术)
It was developed in 1949 in an effort to standardize the practice of traditional Chinese martial arts. The modern concepts of wushu were fully developed by the Ming & Qing dynasties
Type of performances are Wushu Weapons, Doubles Weapons, Flag, Doubles Taiji Sword, Trio Taiji Broadsword & Trio Taijiquan
The basic wushu movements are;
✅ Ma bu : 马步 - Horse stance
✅ Gong Bu : 弓步 - Bow stance
✅ Pu bu : 仆步 - Flat Stance or Crouch stance
✅ Chong Quan : 冲拳- Fist Punching
✅ Teng Kong Fei Jiao : 腾空飞脚 - Jumping front kick
✅ Bai Lian : 摆莲 - Lotus kick
✅ Xuan Zi : 旋子 - Butterfly kick
Basic wushu sword & boardsword movements are;
✅ Chan tou : 缠头 - Twining around the head with broadsword
✅ Guo nao : 裹脑 - Wrapping around the head with broadsword
✅ Wan Hua : 腕花 - Rotate the wrist, move the sword in forward-downward vertical circles on both sides close to your body, force reaching tip of the sword
✅ Guajian : 挂剑 - Hold the sword straight & move it in upward-backward / downward-backward vertical circles close to your body, with force reaching the front part of the blade
✅ Liao jian : 撩剑 - Move the sword in a forward-upward vertical circle, force reaching the foible
Diabolo 扯铃/ 抖空竹
It's a juggling / circus prop consists of an axle & 2 cups AKA Chinese yo-yo. It's spun using a string attached to 2️⃣ hand sticks. Multiple cups can be spun on a same string too. A large variety of tricks are possible with the diabolo, including tosses & various types of interaction with the sticks, string & various parts of the user's body
24 Season Drum (Ershisi Jieling Gu : 节令鼓)
It's a Malaysian art that was invented in 1988 by a music teacher, Tan Hooi Song & a poet Tan Chai Puan, at Foon Yew High School in Johor. It consists of 24 large drum is called Shigu (獅鼓) that represents the agricultural seasons in the Chinese calendar. The original performance styles depict movements of farmers & activities on a farm. The name of each season is usually written in
Chinese calligraphy on the drum.
The drum is played using 2️⃣ wooden sticks, striking its surface, sides or hitting the 2️⃣ sticks together
Each colour on the drum has a special meaning;
❤️ red symbolizes auspiciousness & passion
? black represents perseverance
? yellow signifies the Chinese culture & tradition
More details soon via ? siennylovesdrawing.wordpress.com
#RS4 #RentakSelangor #DiscoverSelangor #VM2020 #VisitMalaysia2020 #TakeMeAnywhere #GayaTravel #Malaysia
string flag 在 C's English Corner 英文角落 Youtube 的最佳貼文
「端午連假」的英文怎麼說?「粽子」英文怎麼說?
和老外聊起台灣三大重要節日怎麼介紹?
老外對於東方的傳統習俗其實是很有興趣的喔!
練習全文:
Food always comes first for Taiwanese people. The must-eat food during the festival is sticky rice buns or some people might call them sticky rice dumplings.
People put sticky rice, pork belly, salted egg yolk, boiled peanuts and all kinds of other delicious ingredients inside bamboo leaves, and wrap up with a string.
You can be creative with different sauces when you eat them, but my favorite is always ketchup!
If you happen to have some friends visiting Taiwan during the festival, you will have to take them to the dragon boat race, since it’s what this annual celebration is mostly known for.
The dragon boat is simply a big boat designed to look like a dragon. The first boat that gets the flag wins the race.
Competitors from all over the world come here just for the race and take part in the celebration.
But in fact, none of the two things above matter to me. What I look forward to most is the extra day off. This year, the festival falls on Monday, which means we will have a three-day long weekend!
At the end of the day, a real vacation is what really counts, right?
--------------------------------------------------------
☛ Facebook: C's English Corner https://www.facebook.com/csenglishcorner/
☛ Instagram: csenglishcorner
☛ 每週四晚上9:00準時發影片喔!
--------------------------------------------------------
其他超實用教學影片:
【生活休閒英文】#5 六個直白的中翻英錯誤 // 如何選擇練口說管道?
https://goo.gl/PCCMRx
如何用英文在國外點餐 https://goo.gl/v4pLGm
如何順利過海關? https://goo.gl/S1ppYZ
聽懂機場廣播 https://goo.gl/DJZ8Kw
我在台灣的自學方法 https://goo.gl/wyUjVc
旅行英文#9 【住飯店】各種需求英文//如何無形中增加單字量?
https://goo.gl/nQnAuF
----------------------------------------------------------------------
每週四晚上9:00準時發影片喔!
----------------------------------------------------------------------
合作邀約:csenglishcorner@gmail.com
string flag 在 Flags (JavaMail API documentation) 的推薦與評價
Flag inner class. A User defined flag is represented as a String. User flags are case-independent. A set of standard system flags are predefined. Most folder ... ... <看更多>
string flag 在 go/src/flag/flag.go at master · golang/go 的推薦與評價
... flag's value, or the empty string if the flag is boolean. func UnquoteUsage(flag *Flag) (name string, usage string) { // Look for a back-quoted name, but ... ... <看更多>