關於 may 塔 羅 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

人類學家Margaret Mead 在1935年出版的《三個原始部落的性別與氣質》中指出，男女在社會所展演的性別角色並非是天性或生物學的發展，而是與該社會的文化與習俗有關。我們可以從不同社會文化的道德、倫理、風俗與傳統等所謂的生活常規，看見在不同的社會歷史或文化互動情境中，對於性別角色分工、規範、權利與義務的不同期待。

近來阿富汗在塔利班重掌政權後，婦女社會地位與人權議題備受關注，也讓我們進一步思考「女權運動」的意義與價值。在Ted Talk的這場演說中，講者朗姆達斯講述了不同國家的女性，在試圖維護她們的文化傳統的同時，如何努力改革這些傳統中壓迫性的習俗。

【同場加映：百工夏季系列講座】

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【講座資訊】跨世代女「人」交流系列講座
📍廖雲章・獨立評論在天下總監・9/3(五) 19:00-21:00
📍劉雨涵May・健身頻道May fit創辦人・9/5(日) 13:00-15:00
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🌟講座採用webex視訊軟體進行線上講座
🌟搶先看百工粉專，不錯漏任何資訊

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爲什麽女性一方面 被文化習俗不懷好意地壓迫着， 而另一方面， 她們又是許多社會中文化的保護者？ 戴面紗或裹頭巾 是象徵屈服 還是抗拒？ 有這麽多的女人和女孩子 被打、被強姦、被致殘 每天都有， 而人們把各種各樣的原因 歸咎與榮譽、宗教和國籍。 女性還能憑什麽去改植樹木， 去重建社會 去領導全新的非暴力運動， 從而為社會帶來改變呢？ 難道進行改革的女性和 保留傳統的女性不是同一類？ 還是說她們是同一類，而且都是一樣的？
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那時候的美國， 沒有人知道阿富汗在哪。 她對我說：“與這身長袍無關。” 她是我所聽説的主張女權的 最堅定的分子。 她告訴我，在她的社區裏， 由女性舉辦的地下學校， 而她自己所在的機構，阿富汗學習學院， 也在巴基斯坦開了一所。 她說：“穆斯林人都知道的第一件事， 是可蘭經要求 而且大力支持文化學習。 穆罕默德希望每個信徒 都能自己閲讀可蘭經。” 我有沒有聼錯？ 主張喚醒宗教 是女性的權利？ 不過薩奇娜反對被標記。 她總是裹着頭巾。 但我也曾和她一起漫步在沙灘上， 她披散的長髮在微風中飛舞。 她每次講座前都會以祈禱開場， 但在一個女孩子12嵗就要被嫁掉的國家裏， 她確是一個單身，活躍， 經濟獨立的女人。

而且她是一個非常實務的人。 她說：“這些頭巾和衣服， 給了我自由去與那些在這工作中 與一些人交談並得到他們 能起到關鍵作用的支持和協助。 當我要在難民營開一所學校的時候， 我去找了教長。 我跟他說：“我是一位信徒，而女人和孩子 在這可怕的條件下 需要靠他們的信仰來生存下去。” 她俏皮地笑笑說： “他覺得很榮幸。 於是他每週來兩次我的中心 因爲女人不能到寺廟去。 而當他要離開時， 婦女和女孩子們總是跟在後面。 我們開始了一班小型的掃盲班， 開始讀可蘭經， 然後開了數學班，然後英語班，再然後電腦班。 幾周后，難民營裏的每個人 都來上我們的課。” 薩奇娜是一位老師。 在當時的阿富汗教導女性是 一門危險的行業。

她在塔利班的襲擊名單裏。 每次她穿越那個國家的時候，我都替她擔心。 我問起她關於她的人身安全時，她只是聳了聳肩說： “朋友卡維塔，我們不能讓自己害怕。 看看那些年輕的女孩子回學校時 即使被人潑往臉上潑硫酸的情景。” 聽到這，我微笑着點了點頭。 我意識到我自己正看着婦女和女孩子們 用她們宗教的傳統和慣例， 把壓迫和機會 變爲工具。 她們的道路在她們腳下， 向著成爲不一樣的阿富汗人延伸。 ...
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也許是因爲女權運動 不像其他幾乎所有的社會運動， 並不是反對一名暴君。 這反對的不是統治階級， 不是侵佔者也不是殖民者， 它反對的是關於女性一些根深蒂固的信仰和假設， 經常性的， 阻止了我們前進。

而也許這是女權運動最終的禮物， 就是這裡的人事其實帶有政治色彩。 所以，正如愛蓮娜羅斯福（羅斯福總統夫人）曾經談過的人權問題， 對於性別平等也是一樣的， 就是這些都會從家附近的一些小地方開始...
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在我講的這些小故事中， 這些個別的故事中， 我看到了全世界的女性正在譜寫 一曲不同凡響的史詩。 她們如一根根細綫 織入一塊彈性的布料中， 幫助維持社會穩定， 織入希望。 而如果我的心在歌唱， 是因爲通過在這些細小的片斷， 人們能不時地瞥見 整個世界，一個全新的世界。 而女性不可否認地在前進的道路上。

（文字引用自https://www.ted.com/talks/kavita_ramdas_radical_women_embracing_tradition?language=zh-tw）

「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版，由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計，內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等，感恩十方大德助印，希望疫情退散，平安喜樂，後記如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開朗基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

Postscript

I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.

In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).

Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.

Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.

Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.

The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.

June 2021,

Yao Jui-chung

美國影藝學院稍早宣布了四位主席獎得主。奧斯卡榮譽獎（俗稱終身成就獎）得主包括山謬．傑克森（Samuel L. Jackson）、愛琳．梅（Elaine May）、麗芙．烏曼（Liv Ullmann）。珍．赫蕭特人道精神獎得主則是丹尼．葛洛佛（Danny Glover）。

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現年72歲的山謬．傑克森將在明年迎來第50年演員生涯。其主演代表作包括《為所應為 Do the Right Thing》（1989）、《叢林熱 Jungle Fever》（1991）、《侏羅紀公園 Jurassic Park》（1993）、《黑色終結令 Jackie Brown》（1997）、《驚心動魄 Unbreakable》（2000）、《卡特教頭 Coach Carter》（2005）、《決殺令 Django Unchained》（2012）。當然也不能忘記《星球大戰》（Star Wars）的雲度大師與漫威系列的神盾局局長尼克．福瑞。

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作為全球最具盛名的實力派演員之一，他僅以《黑色追緝令 Pulp Fiction》（1994）提名過一次奧斯卡。榮譽獎向來也存在補遺作用，這個獎可說來的正是時候。除了與史派克．李（Spike Lee）與昆汀．塔倫提諾（Quentin Tarantino）的合作，山謬．傑克森也經常出現在一般主流商業電影之中，而且多成為票房保證，截至2019年為止，他出演的作品票房總金額達到了133億美金。

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現年89歲的愛琳．梅在1950年代與麥克．尼可斯（Mike Nichols）憑藉即興喜劇出道。70年代在影壇大放異彩，推出自導自演之作《A New Leaf》（1971）、《Mikey and Nicky》（1976）。編導之作《The Heartbreak Kid》（1972）亦大獲好評。其編劇作品尤其膾炙人口，除了《鳥籠 The Birdcage》（1996），還包括提名奧斯卡改編劇本的《上錯天堂投錯胎 Heaven Can Wait》（1978）與《風起雲湧 Primary Colors》（1998）。晚期與伍迪．艾倫（Woody Allen）聯袂主演的《貧賤夫妻百事吉 Small Time Crooks》（2000）使之銀幕形象深植人心。

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現年82歲的挪威演員麗芙．烏曼憑藉與柏格曼（Ingmar Bergman）的合作而聞名影壇，其主演作品包括《假面 Persona》（1966）、《狼的時刻 Hour of the Wolf》（1968）、《羞恥 Shame》（1968）、《安娜的激情 The Passion of Anna》（1969）、《哭泣與耳語 Cries and Whispers》（1972）、《婚姻場景 Scenes from a Marriage》（1973），並以《面面相覷 Face to Face》（1976）提名奧斯卡最佳女主角。她的另一座奧斯卡提名之作則是《The Emigrants》（1971）。90年代起，麗芙．烏曼開始轉執導演筒，亦有不俗成績，《狂情錯愛 Faithless》（2000）入選了坎城影展主競賽。

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珍．赫蕭特人道精神獎得主是現年74歲的丹尼．葛洛佛以《致命武器 Lethal Weapon》系列聞名，代表作亦包括《To Sleep with Anger》（1990）、《紫色姐妹花 The Color Purple》（1985）、《奪魂鋸 Saw》（2004）、《2012》（2009）等。他過去從未獲得奧斯卡獎提名，這次獲得。除了表演工作，他致力於倡導非洲的醫療安全與教育發展，目前也是聯合國兒童基金會的親善大使。

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得主產生方式是交由影藝學院的17個分會分別提名，再經過投票選出。今年據傳有獲得提名的電影人亦包括高齡91歲的名導李察．唐納（Richard Donner）、馬丁．史柯西斯（Martin Scorsese）等人。

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主席獎的頒獎典禮將在2022年1月15日舉行，提前奧斯卡獎頒獎典禮兩個月召開。

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（附圖轉自indiewire。由左至右依序為山謬．傑克森、麗芙．烏曼、愛琳．梅、丹尼．葛洛佛。）

(00:00:00) 開場引言
(00:02:36) 【五分鐘新聞快報】
(00:11:09) 【專題報導】金球獎爭議風波持續延燒
(00:35:01) 【梗你聊八卦】詹姆斯法蘭科性侵疑雲，賽斯羅根宣布不再合作



【梗你報新聞】2021-MAY. WEEK 3
國內外影視新聞一週總整回顧
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▶ 收看本篇YouTube版本：https://xxyfilmcritics.pros.si/3gebf2

▶ 收聽本篇PODCAST版本：https://pros.is/3gd7x6

▶ 【方格子】新聞圖文整理：https://pros.is/3hjvaa
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01 金球獎爭議風波持續延燒 NBC拒絕轉播、湯姆克魯斯退回所有金球獎座

由好萊塢外國記者協會主辦的金球獎，近期因協會成員缺乏種族多樣性，前主席爆出種族仇恨不當言論後，遭到好萊塢眾星群起抵制；負責轉播頒獎典禮的NBC在上週宣布不再為金球獎轉播典禮。而曾憑藉《七月四日誕生》《征服情海》《心靈角落》等作品獲得三座金球獎的湯姆克魯斯，也在NBC發布聲明同時將三座金球獎座退回給協會。
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02 超過18年的故事即將吹熄燈號 超人氣脫口秀《艾倫狄珍妮秀》明年收攤

去年在疫情重創好萊塢娛樂產業之際，知名脫口秀主持人 艾倫狄珍妮爆出疫情期間對旗下幕後員工職場霸凌、種族歧視言論、曾對來賓大小眼，以及公眾形象表裡不一等公關危機；上週艾倫所主持的《艾倫狄珍妮秀》，在與觀眾度過18個年頭後，決定在明年正式收攤。艾倫向THR強調，這項決定早在16季播畢時就有動念，與去年的風波事件無關。
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03 《鋒迴路轉2》豪華陣容持續發光 戴夫巴蒂斯塔、艾德華諾頓、賈奈兒夢內、凱薩琳哈恩

根據THR的報導，繼戴夫巴蒂斯塔以及艾德華諾頓加入《鋒迴路轉2》卡司陣容後，曾演出《顫役輪迴》的女星賈奈兒夢內，以及近期演出漫威影集《汪達幻視》的凱薩琳哈恩，也都在上周陸續加入卡司行列。儘管目前卡司陣容豪華，首集的好口碑讓續集期待值爆表，但目前續集的劇情仍屬保密階段，暫時無法確定劇組未來的詳細計畫。
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04 《寄生上流》奉俊昊將執導首部海洋動畫電影

根據Variety報導，去年以《寄生上流》風光拿下奧斯卡最佳影片及最佳導演的奉俊昊，將著手開始製作一部有關人類與深海生物的韓國動畫電影，並與韓國視覺特效公司【4th Creative Party】合作。這是雙方繼《非常母親》《駭人怪物》《末日列車》《玉子》後的第五度合作；目前本片尚未確認配音卡司，以及正式片名。
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05 防疫分組拍攝 漫威影集《驚奇女士》亞特蘭大順利殺青

根據Variety報導，全新漫威影集《驚奇女士》已在亞特蘭大片場完成拍攝作業；儘管泰國疫情嚴重，漫威仍在做好防疫措施的情況下，分成三組進行拍攝作業。如此一來，若是其中一個劇組傳出疫情，另外兩個劇組依舊能夠持續運作，分散風險。目前驚奇女士這個漫威全新角色，將會率先在《驚奇隊長2》中登場，排定2022年11月11日上映。
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06 《黑豹2》《蟻人3》陸續展開選角作業

根據多家外媒報導，《黑豹2：瓦干達萬歲》《蟻人與黃蜂女：量子狂潮》已陸續展開選角作業；其中《黑豹2》正在徵求40到60歲的男女演員，扮演法國及荷蘭外交官；以及20到40歲的男女演員扮演法國及荷蘭雇傭兵。《黑豹2》目前預計在今年暑假開拍，從此選角看來可能與瓦干達在門戶開放後的外交關係有密切關聯。
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07 迪士尼確認《叢林奇航》《尚氣與十環幫傳奇》《脫稿玩家》等多部電影發行方式

近期舉行第二季財務會議的迪士尼正式宣佈今年多部電影的發行方式；由巨石強森及艾蜜莉布朗所主演的《叢林奇航》，將於7月30日於院線串流同步發行；漫威的《尚氣與十環幫傳奇》，以及由萊恩雷諾斯所主演的《脫稿玩家》，則是在未來院線上映後45日，於Disney+上登場。另外，Disney+未來在6月1日及30日分別於馬來西亞和泰國上線服務。
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08 回不去的死黨？詹姆斯法蘭科性侵疑雲，賽斯羅根不再合作

曾經合作過《大明星世界末日》《名嘴出任務》《青蜂俠》《大災難家》等多部喜劇大片的好萊塢難兄難弟 賽斯羅根、詹姆斯法蘭柯，似乎因詹姆斯法蘭科的多起性侵指控後而變得漸行漸遠。賽斯羅根近期在《週日夜現場》上坦言，已經不再與詹姆斯法蘭科合作，並強烈指責一切有關虐待和騷擾行為。
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不知道看到這些影視新聞，你有什麼想法呢？
歡迎留言與我們討論唷！

新聞編輯：XXY、Jericho
新聞提供：影劇好有梗、Screen Fandom

#新聞 #電影 #影視 #梗你報新聞

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別忘了追蹤XXY的電影相關文字、影像、聲音創作唷！
📣 https://linktr.ee/XXY_filmcrtics

(00:00:00) 開場引言
(00:00:16) 金球獎爭議風波持續延燒 NBC拒絕轉播、湯姆克魯斯退回所有金球獎座
(00:00:55) 超過18年的故事即將吹熄燈號 超人氣脫口秀《艾倫狄珍妮秀》明年收攤
(00:01:23) 《鋒迴路轉2》豪華陣容持續發光 戴夫巴蒂斯塔、艾德華諾頓、賈奈兒夢內、凱薩琳哈恩
(00:01:56) 《寄生上流》奉俊昊將執導首部海洋動畫電影
(00:02:21) 防疫分組拍攝 漫威影集《驚奇女士》亞特蘭大順利殺青
(00:02:56) 《黑豹2》《蟻人3》陸續展開選角作業
(00:03:21) 迪士尼確認《叢林奇航》《尚氣與十環幫傳奇》《脫稿玩家》等多部電影發行方式
(00:03:56) 回不去的死黨？詹姆斯法蘭科性侵疑雲，賽斯羅根不再合作

▶ 收看完整YouTube版本：https://youtu.be/PZSkjnfeFzQ

▶ 收聽完整PODCAST版本：https://pros.is/3gd7x6

▶ 【方格子】新聞圖文整理：https://pros.is/3hjvaa


新聞編輯：XXY、Jericho
新聞提供：影劇好有梗、Screen Fandom


#新聞 #電影 #影視 #梗你報新聞


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歡迎加入【有梗電影俱樂部】，不錯過任何電影資訊或線上線下活動喔！
臉書社團（需回答問題審核）：https://www.facebook.com/groups/viewp...​
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別忘了追蹤XXY的電影相關文字、影像、聲音創作唷！
📣 https://linktr.ee/XXY_filmcrtics


本頻道為提供觀眾們更好的觀看環境，並無開啟廣告營利
想要贊助我們持續創作，可透過以下管道直接贊助：
📣 XXY @方格子：https://vocus.cc/user/@XXY2018​
📣 XXY @Firstory：https://open.firstory.me/user/xxymovie

(00:00:00) 開場引言
(00:00:43) ▶ 1980-MAY. 18 光州事件 / 《我只是個計程車司機》A Taxi Driver
(00:17:02) ▶ 1999-MAY. 19 星戰首部曲 / 《星際大戰首部曲：威脅潛伏》Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace
(00:28:50) ▶ 1949-MAY. 20 臺灣實施戒嚴 / 《返校》Detention
(00:58:59) ▶ 1927-MAY. 21 林白飛越大西洋 / 《壯志凌雲》The Spirit of St. Louis
(01:08:26) ▶ 1990-MAY. 22 Win. 3.0 發佈 / 《微軟英雄》Pirates of Silicon Valley
(01:18:03) ▶ 1951-MAY. 23 「和平解放」西藏 / 《火線大逃亡》Seven Years in Tibet
(01:39:06) ▶ 2006-MAY. 24 不願面對的真相 / 《不願面對的真相》An Inconvenient Truth


【影史７日談】用電影回顧那些歷史課不會教的事 5/18 ~ 5/24
feat. 金老ㄕ的教學日誌

感謝收看 / 收聽【影史７日談】節目，在這個節目中我們將會每個禮拜用七部電影，對應到七則歷史故事，來回顧那些歷史課本上不會教的事！
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▶ 收看YouTube影片：https://youtu.be/YswBJUtbdnY

▶ 收聽PODCAST聲音：https://open.firstory.me/story/ckou7av7di9t908626v9us73y/platforms
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這次我們要來分享的電影和歷史事件，分別有：

▶ 1980-MAY. 18 光州事件 / 《#我只是個計程車司機》A Taxi Driver

1980年5月18日到27日之間，韓國民眾在光州發起民主運動，希望政府下令擴大的戒嚴令能夠解除。當時總攬軍政大權的全斗煥下令軍隊進入光州暴力鎮壓，流血衝突擴大。直到民主派領袖金大中被捕後，光州民主化運動才以平民165人死亡的悲劇收場。
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▶ 1999-MAY. 19 星戰首部曲 / 《#星際大戰首部曲》Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace

《星際大戰首部曲：威脅潛伏》是目前《星際大戰》系列電影中的劇情時間最早的一部，也是星戰創始人 喬治盧卡斯睽違16年後再度推出的星戰系列作品；故事描述了銀河共和國的一場貿易衝突意外發現了某種黑暗勢力正蠢蠢欲動。
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▶ 1949-MAY. 20 臺灣實施戒嚴 / 《#返校》Detention

520聽起來是個非常浪漫的日子，也或許是固定的總統就職日，但在82年前，1948年，國共內戰持續升溫而實施了第一次全國戒嚴令，並在隔年宣布台灣省全境進入戒嚴狀態，開始了38年又56天的戒嚴時期。
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▶ 1927-MAY. 21 林白飛越大西洋 / 《#壯志凌雲》The Spirit of St. Louis

美國飛行員 查爾斯林白，在1927年5月20日駕駛著單引擎飛機 聖路易精神號從美國紐約羅斯福飛行場起飛，隔日在法國巴黎的勒布爾熱機場降落，完成了歷史上首位單人不著陸飛行跨越大西洋的壯舉。
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▶ 1990-MAY. 22 Win. 3.0 發佈 / 《#微軟英雄》Pirates of Silicon Valley

1990年5月22日，微軟公司出品了Windows3.0作業系統，是第一個獲得商業成功，並且能夠與蘋果公司的麥金塔電腦相抗衡的作業系統產品，也是控制台、小作家、小算盤、小畫家、接龍遊戲等經典輔助軟體問世的起點。
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▶ 1951-MAY. 23 「和平解放」西藏 / 《#火線大逃亡》Seven Years in Tibet

1950年，在經過大約半年來的混亂局勢，國共內戰後的西藏一直向國際求援尋求獨立的可能；到了隔年初，中共人民解放軍兵臨城下，西藏才和中共簽下和平協議，中共也對外宣稱「和平解放」西藏。
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▶ 2006-MAY. 24 不願面對的真相 / 《#不願面對的真相》An Inconvenient Truth

由美國前總統高爾所主導的環保紀錄片《不願面對的真相》，在2006年5月24日上映；內容以極具舞台魅力的高爾演講，以及多份研究氣候變遷、全球暖化的研究報告作為主體，讓全球掀起一股討論環保議題的熱潮。
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你對這七部電影和七則歷史故事有什麼想法呢？
歡迎留言分享與我們討論唷！

**************
別忘了追蹤XXY的電影相關文字、影像、聲音創作唷！
📣 https://linktr.ee/XXY_filmcrtics

#電影 #影評 #movie #history #歷史 #歷史上的今天 #影史7日談 #金老ㄕ的教學日誌 #XXY #PODCAST