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กรณีศึกษา ทำไมคนญี่ปุ่น ชอบถือเงินสด มากกว่าลงทุนในหุ้น /โดย ลงทุนแมน
รู้ไหมว่า ตลาดหุ้นญี่ปุ่นนั้นก่อตั้งมาตั้งแต่ปี 1878 หรือเมื่อ 143 ปีที่แล้ว และมีบริษัทจดทะเบียนในตลาดหุ้นญี่ปุ่นมากกว่า 2,000 บริษัท ในปัจจุบัน

และรู้หรือไม่ว่า ต้นปี 2021 มูลค่าของตลาดหุ้นญี่ปุ่นนั้นสูงกว่า 190 ล้านล้านบาท ซึ่งถือเป็นตลาดหุ้นที่มีขนาดใหญ่ที่สุดเป็นอันดับต้น ๆ ของโลก

หลายคนอาจคิดว่า คนญี่ปุ่นคงชอบลงทุนในหุ้น มากกว่าสินทรัพย์อื่น
แต่ความจริงแล้ว กลับไม่เป็นเช่นนั้น..

แล้วคนญี่ปุ่นเมื่อมีเงินแล้ว พวกเขาเอาไปเก็บไว้ที่ไหน ?
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เราลองมาเทียบกันดูก่อนว่า ส่วนใหญ่แล้วคนญี่ปุ่นชอบถือครองสินทรัพย์อะไร และเมื่อเทียบกับประเทศอื่นอย่างสหรัฐอเมริกาและยุโรป มีความแตกต่างกันมากน้อยแค่ไหน

ข้อมูลจากธนาคารกลางญี่ปุ่นระบุว่า ในปี 2018 ครัวเรือนญี่ปุ่น ถือครองสินทรัพย์มูลค่ารวมกันกว่า 558 ล้านล้านบาท

โดยจำนวนนี้ ถ้าแบ่งตามสัดส่วนจะเป็น
- เงินสดและบัญชีเงินฝาก 52%
- ประกันและบำนาญ 28%
- หุ้นและกองทุนรวม 15%
- อื่น ๆ 5%

ที่น่าสนใจคือ เมื่อเทียบกับคนยุโรปและคนอเมริกัน ที่มีสัดส่วนการลงทุนในหุ้นและกองทุนรวม ต่อมูลค่าสินทรัพย์ถือครอง เท่ากับ 28% และ 31% ตามลำดับ

จึงแสดงให้เห็นว่าคนญี่ปุ่นไม่ค่อยสนใจการลงทุนในหุ้นและกองทุนรวมมากนัก และยังชอบถือครองเงินสด ด้วยการฝากเงินไว้ในธนาคารจำนวนมากอีกด้วย

ทั้ง ๆ ที่รู้ว่า อัตราดอกเบี้ยเงินฝากในญี่ปุ่นนั้น อยู่ในระดับที่ต่ำมาต่อเนื่องหลายปี แม้กระทั่งในปัจจุบันก็อยู่ที่ประมาณ 0%

คำถามสำคัญก็คือ ทำไมคนญี่ปุ่น ยังเลือกที่จะฝากเงินกับธนาคารจำนวนมาก แทนที่จะนำเงินไปลงทุนในหุ้นและกองทุนรวม ที่มีโอกาสได้ผลตอบแทนที่สูงกว่า ?

เหตุผลที่อธิบายเรื่องนี้ สามารถสรุปออกมาได้ 3 ประเด็น คือ

1. ประสบการณ์ที่เลวร้ายจากเหตุการณ์ฟองสบู่แตกครั้งใหญ่ในญี่ปุ่น

หลังจากที่ญี่ปุ่นพ่ายแพ้สงครามโลกครั้งที่ 2 ในปี 1945 ญี่ปุ่นก็เริ่มเข้าสู่ระยะของการฟื้นฟูประเทศ ช่วงหลังจากนั้นเป็นต้นมา เศรษฐกิจของญี่ปุ่นก็เติบโตแบบก้าวกระโดด

ในช่วงปี 1961-1971 เศรษฐกิจญี่ปุ่นเติบโตอย่างรวดเร็ว เฉลี่ยกว่า 9% ต่อปี และเติบโตมาอย่างต่อเนื่องเรื่อยมา จนถึงในช่วงทศวรรษ 1980

ในตอนนั้น ผลกำไรของบริษัทในญี่ปุ่นอยู่ที่ระดับสูงสุดในประวัติศาสตร์ของบริษัท และธนาคารหลายแห่งมีการปล่อยกู้ให้แก่บริษัทจำนวนมาก

การเติบโตทางเศรษฐกิจทำให้ทั้งบริษัทและผู้คนในญี่ปุ่นต่างร่ำรวย จนเกิดการเข้าไปเก็งกำไรราคาสินทรัพย์ต่าง ๆ รวมทั้งอสังหาริมทรัพย์

ราคาหุ้นในตลาดปรับตัวขึ้นอย่างรวดเร็ว ดัชนี Nikkei ที่สะท้อนตลาดหุ้นญี่ปุ่น พุ่งขึ้นทำจุดสูงสุดใหม่อย่างต่อเนื่อง จนเกือบแตะ 40,000 จุด ในปี 1989 จากระดับประมาณ 8,000 จุดในปี 1982

พอเรื่องเป็นแบบนี้ ธนาคารกลางญี่ปุ่นจำเป็นต้องขึ้นอัตราดอกเบี้ยนโยบายจาก 2.5% ในปี 1989 มาอยู่ที่ 6% ในปี 1990 เพื่อเพิ่มต้นทุนการกู้ยืม ไม่ให้เกิดการกู้ไปเก็งกำไรในสินทรัพย์ต่าง ๆ

จนสุดท้าย เมื่อแรงเก็งกำไรเริ่มอ่อนลง ก็ถึงคราวฟองสบู่ลูกใหญ่ระเบิดออก
ราคาสินทรัพย์ต่าง ๆ และราคาอสังหาริมทรัพย์ ก็เริ่มปรับตัวลดลง และลดลงเรื่อย ๆ จนหลายคนเจ็บตัวอย่างหนักจากการลงทุน

วิกฤติฟองสบู่ครั้งใหญ่ในครั้งนั้น ทำให้เศรษฐกิจญี่ปุ่นหลังจากนั้นมาหลายสิบปีแทบจะหยุดอยู่กับที่ และเป็นแบบนี้มาแล้วราว 3 ทศวรรษ

ซึ่งนี่เองเป็นหนึ่งเหตุผลสำคัญ ที่ทำให้คนญี่ปุ่นจำนวนมาก รู้สึกขยาดกับการลงทุนโดยเฉพาะในตลาดหุ้น รวมทั้งยังปลูกฝังความคิดนี้มายังรุ่นลูกรุ่นหลานต่อ ๆ มา จนถึงตอนนี้

2. ภาวะเงินเฟ้อฝืด

ผลกระทบจากวิกฤติเศรษฐกิจในช่วงต้นทศวรรษ 1990 ส่งผลโดยตรงต่อภาคครัวเรือน
รายได้เฉลี่ยต่อครัวเรือนของคนญี่ปุ่นนั้นลดลง จากการที่หลายคนต้องตกงาน ซึ่งเรื่องนี้ส่งผลโดยตรงต่อการบริโภคและการลงทุนภายในประเทศ

ข้อมูลจาก Statista ระบุว่า ในช่วงปี 1990-2020
ญี่ปุ่นประสบกับภาวะเงินฝืด (เงินเฟ้อติดลบ) ทั้งหมด 14 ปี
ซึ่งเมื่อใดก็ตามที่เศรษฐกิจอยู่ในภาวะเงินฝืด นั่นหมายความว่า ราคาสินค้าและบริการมีแนวโน้มที่จะลดลง

พอเรื่องเป็นแบบนี้ ชาวญี่ปุ่นจึงเกิดแรงจูงใจในการถือเงินสด มากกว่าที่จะนำเงินออกไปใช้จ่าย หรือชะลอการใช้จ่ายออกไปก่อน เพราะพวกเขาเชื่อว่า ในอนาคตเงินจำนวนเท่าเดิมนั้นจะสามารถซื้อสินค้าและบริการได้มากกว่าในปัจจุบัน และนำเอาเงินไปฝากกับธนาคารไว้ก่อนนั่นเอง

3. ความรู้ ความเข้าใจด้านการเงิน ของคนญี่ปุ่น

หลายคนคงแปลกใจถ้าบอกว่า ประเทศที่พัฒนาแล้วอย่างญี่ปุ่น มีคนจำนวนไม่น้อยที่ขาดความรู้ด้านการเงิน

ซึ่งเรื่องนี้ มีผลการสำรวจของธนาคารกลางญี่ปุ่นระบุว่า ประชาชนชาวญี่ปุ่นนั้นมีความรู้ด้านการเงินน้อยกว่าประชาชนในประเทศพัฒนาแล้วอื่น ๆ อย่างเช่น สหรัฐอเมริกา สหราชอาณาจักร และเยอรมนี

การขาดความรู้ความเข้าใจทางด้านการเงิน ทำให้คนญี่ปุ่นจำนวนมาก กลัวการลงทุนในสินทรัพย์ที่มีความเสี่ยง และชอบในการเก็บเงินออมด้วยการฝากธนาคารที่มีความเสี่ยงน้อยกว่า

นอกจากนี้ โรงเรียนในญี่ปุ่นก็ไม่ค่อยให้ความสำคัญกับเรื่องการลงทุนเท่าที่ควร โดยศาสตราจารย์ Nobuyoshi Yamori ที่สอนสาขาวิชาเศรษฐกิจและธุรกิจแห่งมหาวิทยาลัยโกเบ ระบุว่า

“โรงเรียนส่วนใหญ่ในญี่ปุ่น ใช้เวลาสอนเรื่องการเงินการลงทุนให้นักเรียนน้อยมาก ขณะที่ครูที่มาสอนวิชาดังกล่าวก็ไม่ได้รับการฝึกอบรม หรือมีความรู้ ความเข้าใจ ในด้านการเงินการลงทุนที่ดีมากนัก”

จึงทำให้เด็กญี่ปุ่นจำนวนมากขาดความรู้ด้านการเงิน ซึ่งส่งผลให้เมื่อทำงานมีรายได้แล้ว พวกเขาเลือกที่จะฝากเงินกับธนาคาร มากกว่านำเงินไปลงทุนในสินทรัพย์อื่น ๆ โดยเฉพาะหุ้น

อ่านมาถึงตรงนี้ เราก็น่าจะเข้าใจว่าทำไมที่ผ่านมา คนญี่ปุ่นจำนวนมากตัดสินใจถือเงินสด หรือฝากเงินไว้กับธนาคารอย่างมากและไม่ค่อยชอบการลงทุนในหุ้นมากนัก ทั้ง ๆ ที่ญี่ปุ่นก็เป็นประเทศที่มีตลาดหุ้นที่มีขนาดใหญ่ที่สุดแห่งหนึ่งของโลก

ปิดท้ายด้วยข้อมูลที่น่าสนใจ
รู้ไหมว่าปัจจุบัน เงินเยนของญี่ปุ่น เป็นสกุลเงินที่ถูกใช้ซื้อขายบิตคอยน์มากที่สุดอันดับที่ 2 ของโลก เป็นรองเพียงแค่เงินดอลลาร์สหรัฐ

ซึ่งเราอาจบอกได้ว่า แม้คนญี่ปุ่นจำนวนมาก จะไม่ชอบสินทรัพย์เสี่ยงสูง และนิยมฝากเงินไว้ในธนาคาร
แต่ในทางกลับกันก็มีคนญี่ปุ่นจำนวนไม่น้อย ที่หันมาลงทุนในสินทรัพย์ที่มีความผันผวนสูง อย่างบิตคอยน์
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References:
-https://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/handbook/pdf/2020all.pdf
-https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=JP
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Stock_Exchange
-https://www.statista.com/statistics/710680/global-stock-markets-by-country/
-https://tradingeconomics.com/japan/deposit-interest-rate
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Japan
-https://data.worldbank.org/country/JP
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_Decades
-https://www.statista.com/statistics/270095/inflation-rate-in-japan/
-https://www.fsa.go.jp/frtc/kenkyu/event/20150305/s3_2.pdf
-https://www.investopedia.com/tech/top-fiat-currencies-used-trade-bitcoin/
-https://globalriskinsights.com/2021/06/japans-cryptocurrency-market-set-to-bloom-or-wither/

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inflation rate by country 在 ลงทุนแมน Facebook 的最佳解答

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2020-09-14 10:49:00 有 5,707 人按讚

ทำไม มาตรการ QE ของสหรัฐ ไม่ทำให้เกิดเงินเฟ้อ ขั้นรุนแรง /โดย ลงทุนแมน
Quantitative Easing หรือที่เรียกสั้นๆ ว่า QE
คือเครื่องมือหนึ่ง ที่ธนาคารกลาง ใช้ในการกระตุ้นเศรษฐกิจ
โดยการอัดฉีดเงิน เพื่อเพิ่มสภาพคล่องให้ระบบเศรษฐกิจ ในภาวะเศรษฐกิจชะลอตัว
...Continue ReadingWhy U.S. QE measures don't cause severe inflation / by investman
Quantitative Easing aka QE
Is one tool that central banks use to stimulate the economy.
By pumping money to increase liquidity for the economic system in slowing economic progress.

But the result that many people worry about is.
Amount of money will rise in the economic system which will bring inflation.
And may be severe to severe inflation aka ′′ Hyperinflation

We have seen many countries do QE hard.
Will this lead to severe inflation in the future?
Investing man will try to analyse it.
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First, let's understand the meaning of Hyperinflation.

Hyperinflation is a condition where product prices rise quickly.
Makes the country's money value go down dramatically

Why the value of money goes down
As a result, lots and lots of money flowing into the economy.
Compared to the same amount of goods and services in the economic system.
Price increases product prices quickly

An example of past severe Hyperinflation incident.
Such as in Hungary and Venezuela

Hyperinflation in Hungary happened in 1946
During that time, Hungary was heavily damaged by WWI.
Especially various infrastructure systems.

The Hungarian Government has shortage of budgets in economic revival.
So I decided to print a lot of money to repair the city's home and stimulate the economy.
Making money in Hungary's system is increasing tremendously.

As much as the amount of money increases, the domestic products are still the same.
So it makes inflation rise quickly
Hungary average product prices increase to 2 times in 15 hours.
By the moment of Hyperinflation
Hungary inflation rate rises to 150,000 % within one day.

Venezuela part of year 2019
Venezuelan inflation rises to 10,000,000

The cause of this story is similar to the case of Hungary
Well there is excessive economic system injection
Both to stimulate a slowing economy from low petrol prices.
Including to use for government's populist policies

We'll see that all 2 events have one thing in common.
Well there is a huge economic system injection.
Which leads to hyperinflation

Back at present COVID crisis-19
Many countries have measures to stimulate the economy.
With lots of money pumping into the economic system

US Central Bank
Using unlimited amount of QE measures
From the original designated price of about 22 trillion baht per year.

Central Bank of Japan
It's another country that uses unlimited amount of QE measures.
From the original designated, about 24 trillion baht per year.

European Central Bank announces more projects
In acquisition of emergency assets worth over 27 trillion baht.

It will see that many countries are now pumping a lot of money into the system.
And in many countries, I used to do heavy QE before.

For example, the case of the USA.
There has been a lot of money pumping into the economic system in the past 10 years.
Since the 2008 US Real Estate Bubble crisis.

Interesting is that US inflation rates aren't adjusted to much higher like the cases of Hungary and Venezuela.
2010 US average inflation rate equates to 1.6 %
2019 US average inflation rate equates to 1.8 %

Japan is another country where xỳāng h̄nạk measures are taken.
But inflation is still at low near 0 % as well.

Why is the story like this?

This phenomenon is partly because
US and Japan central banks make QE through asset purchases.
Both bonds, shares, loan from commercial banks.
And commercial banks are responsible for re-releasing money into the economy.

But what happens is that commercial banks don't forward the money they get from central banks.
To the business and household sector as everyone thought at first.

The cause is because during economic recession or slowdown.
Household sector tends to save money rather than bring money to spend.
Due to insecure future economic

For example, in USA.
The deposit amount in the COVID-19 pre-birth system is around 416 trillion baht.
But when COVID-19 goes viral, deposits in the system increase to almost 500 trillion baht.
Within just a few months

Meanwhile, a bad economic situation.
Making selling business sector products and services difficult.
Making production and service still very much available.
Business sector may not require a loan to expand business.

Enough demand for products and services doesn't increase higher.
Well, things don't go much higher.
Even with lots of money in the system

Another point is.
Countries with large economies like USA and Japan
Own the world's main currency with high credibility.
Most people still believe and still demand to hold these currency.

In conclusion, if you ask for QE making of big countries today.
Will it lead to severe inflation in the future?
I have to say that this problem can be difficult for big countries like USA and Japan.

But the point is, this plague crisis doesn't know when it ends.
And countries inject money log in
For a country which is economically stable as a big country, it might be careful.
Because those countries may have severe inflation, different from this case..
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Help to update the situation in video article format.
Including podcasts to listen to on the go.
Try it out at Blockdit.com/download
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References
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperinflation
-https://nomadcapitalist.com/2014/04/20/top-5-worst-cases-hyperinflation-history/
-https://www.businessinsider.com/hungarys-hyperinflation-story-2014-4
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_Venezuela
-https://www.thestreet.com/investing/federal-reserve-unveils-unlimited-qe-to-confront-coronavirus
-https://www.schroders.com/en/bm/asset-management/insights/economic-views/bank-of-japan-ramps-up-qe-again-amid-dismal-outlook/
-https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/bst_recenttrends.htm
-https://www.focus-economics.com/countries/japan/news/inflation/core-consumer-prices-hold-steady-in-june-in-annual-terms
- https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/projections/html/ecb.projections202006_eurosystemstaff~7628a8cf43.en.html#toc3
-https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/2900/inflation/inflation-and-quantitative-easing/
-https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DPSACBW027SBOGTranslated

Tags: inflation rate by country

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2020-09-10 18:57:58 有 280 人按讚

Battle between Freedom and Equality | Lee Yee

A netizen left a comment under my article from a couple of days ago, and said that if Trump is re-elected, he would turn “dictatorial”, and pursue “Trump thinking as mainstream”. He said that he “divides the United States and gave birth to racism, white nationalism, and xenophobia”, which is disastrous to human civilization, etc.

Under the constitutional system of the United States, one will have to step down after one re-election, and there is no way to bring about a dictatorship. Moreover, just look at all the stormy attacks mainstream media throws towards him, how is one to become a dictator? In a multicultural America, how could any almighty notion exist? As for racism and xenophobia, the cited example is him crowning the novel coronavirus “Chinese virus”, and the media claimed that this has caused a sharp increase in anti-Chinese speech online. But the virus did originate in China, did it not?

Other than the infiltration of Chinese interests that drove the U.S. media’s anti-Trump campaign, it has also been the “leftard” ideologies that have dominated academia and the press. How does one define “leftard”? Something that So Keng-chit said a few days ago was very appropriate, "the definition of “leftard” is that they replace strong and weak with “wrong and “right”; strong must be “wrong”, and weak must be “right”. Leftards uplift the weak by putting down the bullies to attain moral high grounds. The leftards must oppose the United States, for the see the United States as strong. The leftards sympathize with Saddam Hussein, because compared with the United States, Saddam Hussein is weak. They cannot see that Saddam Hussein is strong compared with the Iraqis. Hence the ‘tard’ in leftard.”

It is not that they cannot see, they are just intentionally not seeing. The mainstream media reports about Iraq after Saddam Hussein had fallen were that there was no longer a stronghold of a government, which led to the loss of societal management. Bombs were exploding daily, and blood flooded the land of the country. People lost homes and livelihoods. However, data showed that in the later phase of Saddam Hussein’s regime, Iraq’s population was 26 million, and the per capita GDP was only US$625, not to mention that the inflation rate was high in the three digits. After the United States attacked Iraq and introduced the democratic system, the Iraqi population has risen to 35 million, the per capita GDP has increased to US$4,600, and the inflation rate has dropped to 6%. Despite the global economic slowdown, the Iraqi economy has grown by an average of 9.9% per year for more than a decade.

In addition, the mainstream media rarely reported the substantial progress in Afghanistan’s economy and people’s livelihood after the United States eradicated the Taliban regime before establishing a democratic system in Afghanistan. It is rarely reported that after South Africa got rid of the white regime, social security was horrifying. It is because such truthful reporting is not politically correct.

Shouldn’t the motto of news publishing be “all news worth reporting”? When political correctness overrides this creed, there is no longer press freedom.

The so-called political correctness stems from anti-discrimination. Anti-discrimination means upholding the concept that “all men are born equal”, and to protect vulnerable groups. Anti-discrimination used to be a kind of progress, since the starting point is not the interests of the majority of society, but the moral and spiritual demands. But when this kind of protection gradually develops into a disregard towards differences and the diversity of human life, it becomes leftards who wave around the banner of political correctness. If the welfare of new immigrants is treated the same as that of local residents, how is that different from obliterating the long-term tax payment of local residents? Using Black Lives Matter to rationalize violence and chaos, you get Black Lives Better, and ignore the fundamental problems of the root causes of issues such as the Black community’s slighting of education; with the police worrying that law enforcement will cause them trouble, the crime in the Black areas will increase. Anti-discrimination has developed into a state where even praising women for being beautiful is discrimination. Obama once praised the Democratic vice presidential candidate Kamala Harris as the most beautiful State Attorney General in the United States, and was then accused of discrimination by feminists. He was forced to apologize. To protect LGBT, many American college toilets no longer distinguish between men and women, making women fearful.

“All men are born equal” is a false proposition. Some people are born with a silver spoon in their mouths, and others are born in the slums of Africa. How are they born equal? American conservative Russel Kirk said that we must pay attention to diversity and differences. Only before God and a fair court can there be true quality; all other attempts to achieve equality will inevitably lead to societal stagnation. If the balance of natural differences and conventions is tipped in order to pursue equality for all, then it will not be long before tyrants or despicable oligarchs start to create new inequalities.

Socialism waves around the banner of equality, and has been breeding tyranny for a whole century. Modern leftards is another form of pursuit of equality, one that is destroying the freedom of human society. Freedom is more important than equality. If there is no freedom, there will be no equality among people who are not free.

This U.S. general election may as well be regarded as a battle between freedom and equality.

Tags: inflation rate by country

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