[時事英文] 美國總統大選陷入膠著
It ain’t over till every vote is counted.
大家應該都睡不著吧...
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President Donald Trump claimed victory over Democratic rival Joe Biden on Wednesday with millions of votes still uncounted in a White House race that will not be decided until tallying is completed over the coming hours or days.
1. claim victory 聲稱勝利
2. rival 競爭者;對手;敵手
3. uncounted (adj.) 未計算過的
4. tally (v.) 計算;清點
週三,川普總統聲稱擊敗民主黨對手拜登,但這場白宮爭奪戰仍有數百萬張選票尚未計算,在計票結束前,於接下來的數個小時乃至數日,一切尚在未定之天。
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By early Wednesday, the race was down to a handful of states, and both Trump, 74 and Biden, 77, had possible paths to reach the needed 270 Electoral College votes to win the White House.
5. be down to 由⋯⋯決定
6. Electoral College votes 選舉人團票
週三稍早,競選已由少數幾個州來決定,而74歲的川普以及77歲的拜登都有可能取得270張選舉人團票來贏得白宮。
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Shortly after Biden said he was confident of winning the contest once the votes are counted, Trump appeared at the White House to declare victory and said his lawyers would be taking his case to the U.S. Supreme Court, without specifying what they would claim.
7. be confident of… 對⋯⋯有信心
8. declare victory 宣布獲勝
9. take his case to 將他的案子提交到⋯⋯
10. the Supreme Court of the United States 美國最高法院
11. specify 具體指定;明確說明
拜登表示計票之初便有信心贏得競選。不久,川普在白宮宣布勝選,並表示他的律師將把他的案子提交到美國最高法院,但未明確指出他們的主張。
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“We were getting ready to win this election. Frankly, we did win this election,” Trump said. “This is a major fraud on our nation. We want the law to be used in a proper manner. So we’ll be going to the U.S. Supreme Court. We want all voting to stop.” He provided no evidence to back up his claim of fraud.
12. frankly 直率地;坦白地
13. a major fraud 重大的詐欺
14. in a proper manner 以適當的方式
15. back up 支持
「我們正準備迎接此次大選的勝利。坦白說,我們確實贏得了這場選舉。」川普道。「這是對我們國家的重大詐欺。我們希望以適當的方式使用法律。因此,我們將前往美國最高法院。我們希望所有的投票都能停止。」他並未提供任何證據,來支持他對詐欺的指控。
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Polls have closed and voting has stopped across the country, but election laws in U.S. states require all votes to be counted, and many states routinely take days to finish counting ballots. More votes stood to be counted this year than in the past as people voted early by mail and in person because of the coronavirus pandemic.
16. the polls 投票處
17. count ballots 統計選票
18. in person 親自
19. the coronavirus pandemic 新冠病毒大流行疫情
投票處已關閉,全國各地的投票也已停止,但全美各州的選舉法要求,所有選票皆需進行統計,有許多州通常需要數日才能完成選票的計算。由於疫情的關係,今年有更多的選票需要統計,因選民比以往還早郵寄選票,並親自投票。
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Global stocks gyrated in early trade as results streamed in, with a final call now seen unlikely for days and the outcome raising the potential for gridlock that complicates the chance of a quick U.S. government spending boost to counter the effects of the pandemic.
20. gyrate(通常指很快地)旋轉;迴旋;轉動
21. stream in 流入
22. a final call 最後的決定
23. raise the potential for 提高⋯⋯的可能性
24. gridlock 僵局
25. complicate the chance 使機率複雜化
26. counter the effects of 抵消⋯⋯
隨著選舉結果的湧入,全球股市在早盤交易中迴旋,目前看來最終結果似乎不太可能於接下來的幾天內出爐,惟恐陷入僵局,這將使美國政府迅速增加支出以應對疫情的機率複雜化。
資料來源: https://reut.rs/3oWNEcI
最新開票動態: https://politi.co/34U5ipm
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時事英文講義:https://bit.ly/2XmRYXc
時事英文音檔: https://bit.ly/3emRtTt
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希望美國大選可以快速和平落幕!
in a manner 用法 在 EZ Talk Facebook 的最佳解答
#EZTALK #你不知道的美國大小事 #豬年回顧 #正向篇
🐽Food Idioms 美國生活用語:Pork 更多豬肉
上週都在說豬的壞話,這禮拜來為豬豬平反一下~其實豬有許多正向用語,快來瞧瞧~
1⃣ live (or eat) high on/off the hog
2⃣ go whole hog
3⃣go hog wild
4⃣ hog heaven
5⃣road hog
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Speaking of pigs, did you know that “hog” is another word for pig? Specifically, a hog is a large pig bred to be eaten. And people eat a lot of pork, so naturally there are lots of hog-related idioms.
首先,你知道 hog 是豬的別稱嗎?具體來說,hog「肉豬」是指專門飼養來吃的豬。因為大家愛吃豬肉,所以當然有許多跟 hog 有關的生活用語。
One of the most interesting is 1⃣“live (or eat) high on/off the hog,” which means to live a luxurious, comfortable life. Why does it have this meaning? Because the most expensive cuts of meat come from high on the hog. Ex: Kevin has been living high on the hog since he won the lottery.
首先,一個最饒富趣味的諺語是 live/eat high on/off the hog,指過著奢華舒適的生活。為什麼會有這個意思呢?因為最貴的豬肉肉品剛好都來自於豬的上半身。如:Kevin has been living high on the hog since he won the lottery.(凱文中樂透之後,就一直過著奢華闊氣的生活。)
Lots of people enjoy pork, but what if you eat the whole hog? 2⃣ “Go whole hog” means to do something in a very thorough or enthusiastic way. Ex: We decided to go whole hog and stay in the presidential suite. 3⃣You can also “go hog wild,” which means to behave in an uncontrolled and excited manner. Ex: The kids went hog wild while their parents were away on vacation.
很多人愛吃豬肉,不過若是要你吃下整頭豬呢?go whole hog 指「豁出去做某事;徹底把某件事做完」如:We decided to go whole hog and stay in the presidential suite.(我們決定豁出去住總統套房。)類似用法還有go hog wild,指「興奮過度做過頭」,如:The kids went hog wild while their parents were away on vacation.(爸媽放假出門時,小孩在家裡玩瘋了。)
We all know about heaven, 4⃣but what is “hog heaven”? It’s a state of idle bliss and contentment. Ex: Sitting on the sofa drinking beer and watching the game, Mike was in hog heaven. And finally, 5⃣there are “road hogs.” Since hogs are known for their greedy behavior, a road hog is someone who “hogs” the road. Ex: I hope the cops give that road hog a ticket.
我們都知道天堂,但什麼是hog heaven「豬天堂」?就是形容相當愉快滿足的狀態,如:Sitting on the sofa drinking beer and watching the game, Mike was in hog heaven.(坐在沙發上喝啤酒看球賽,麥可就像身處極樂之地一樣。)最後是road hog,豬一向以貪心著稱,所以road hog指的是開車亂搶路的人,如:I hope the cops give that road hog a ticket. (真希望警察給那搶路的駕駛人一張紅單。)
【✍重點單字】
1. win the lottery「中樂透」
2. thorough「徹底的」
3. idle「閒閒無事的」
4. bliss「幸福」
5. contentment「滿足」:為名詞,形容詞 content「滿足的」。
6. give sb. a ticket「開罰單」:ticket 在這裡當「罰單」。
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in a manner 用法 在 翻譯這檔事 Facebook 的最佳貼文
《基因:人類最親密的歷史》,莊安祺譯:翻譯問題續探(二)
上一篇po出後有網友希望具體指出問題所在。另外,也得知出版社見文立即商議修改所提段落的翻譯問題:
//昨天與合作夥伴討論了原文翻譯與專業知識 ( 謝謝嘉儀與小安子 ),修正了譯文。覺得身在資訊流通的年代也有很大的好處,量產時代就算我們找盡資源還是力有未逮之處,尤其編輯不是專業人士,更是汗顏,而各路專業人士願意幫我們指出錯誤,讓我很感激,書能有不停修正至更臻完善的機會。//
在一本新書的熱銷期,樂見如此積極的作爲。本文:
一、討論上一篇指出的翻譯問題細節,供出版社參考;
二、討論網友一頁截圖中發現的新問題;
三、再加「博客來」試讀內容第一頁(此書前言的開頭)發現的誤譯。
//Once genes had been implicated in the development of sexual preference, the gay child was instantly transformed to normal. His 【hateful】 enemies were the abnormal monsters.
一旦性偏好的發展牽扯到基因,同性戀的孩子瞬間就變為正常,他【可惡的】敵人才是異常的怪物。//
說明:hateful 有兩個相反的意思,要從語境去弄清楚,這句話看了前文,加上末句有「才是」的對照語氣,意思非常清楚,是「懷著恨、充滿惡意的敵人」倒過來變成異常的怪物,而不是「可惡的敵人」。如果作者意指「可惡的敵人」,就不可能有 His hateful enemies were the abnormal monsters. 這句當中的「反而變成」、「才是」的含意。
hateful + 事物,意思通常很明白,是「可恨的」;hateful + 人,就要小心思考理解了,兩種意思都可能出現,光查字典幫不了你。
//It was boredom, more than activism, that prompted the search for the gay gene. Dean Hamer, a researcher at the National Cancer Institute, was not looking for controversy. He was 【not even looking for himself】. Although openly gay, Hamer had never been particularly intrigued by 【the genetics of any form of identity, sexual or otherwise.】
美國國家癌症研究所(National Cancer Institute)的研究員狄恩・哈默(Dean Hamer)並無意找碴,他甚至【也並不在乎自己的身分】,雖然他已出櫃,但對【任何形式的身分認同、性或其他遺傳學】並無特別興趣。//
說明:
1. not even looking for himself 的 looking 呼應同一段第一句 search for the gay gene(探尋是否有同性戀基因)的 search,兩個字都是「尋找」之意,所以這句意為「他甚至也不是爲了自己去探尋」,因爲下一句便說明原因:原來,他對很多東西根本不太感興趣,會發現同性戀基因,只不過因爲無聊、無意間發現。不懂這英文怎會理解成「不在乎自己的性向/身分」?根本瞎掰!
2. 下一句也很糟糕:Hamer 對「任何形式的身分認同、性或其他遺傳學」三件事不感興趣,中譯意思顯然是三種東西平行並列,但原文怎麼寫?the genetics of any form of identity, sexual or otherwise 這串字所指的,只有一件事,這是一個樹狀結構:of any form of identity 修飾 genetics,而 sexual or otherwise 又修飾 identity,整個合起來理解,就是「性(sexual)或其他方面的任何一種身分認同的遺傳成因」,也就是說,Hamer 對同性戀是否有遺傳成因並不太感興趣。
//He had tried, unsuccessfully, to study medicine at Edinburgh—but, horrified by the “screams of a strapped-down child 【amid the blood and sawdust】 of the . . . 【operating theater】,” had fled medicine to study theology at Christ’s College in Cambridge.
他本在愛丁堡習醫,卻因「【手術劇場】裡被綁縛的兒童【在血汙和鋸屑中】的尖叫」而驚悸,棄醫轉到劍橋大學基督學院研習神學。//
(中譯來自網友提供的截圖)
說明:
1.「手術劇場」真是個荒謬的譯法,operating theater 是醫院的手術示範室、手術觀摩室,像樣的字典會另立條目指出這個意思,不會跟「劇場」的意思混淆。在這樣一個空間,一邊進行手術、一邊讓見習醫師或訪問者居高觀摩,處理的是人命關天的真人真事,怎麼變成虛構故事的「劇場」了?在戰爭語境下,theater 是「戰場」,theater 同時也是「電影院」,也是「戲劇表演」,也可指「看表演的觀衆」(比較古老的用法)。最近有本出版熱烈宣傳的書,書名竟然就叫《手術劇場》,這是一種譁衆取寵的取名手段,不是原書名的直譯,但畢竟那是出版社爲了賣書、吸睛所擁有的權利和自由。在普通的文章裡,不同意義的 theater 就該有合適的譯法,否則要叫讀者如何理解?中國的中文譯法經常大而化之,電腦程式的 macro,和 macroeconomics 的 macro,一律是「宏」字;餐廳的 menu 和應用軟體的 menu 一律稱「菜單」,台灣請不要新創如「手術劇場」、「(二次大戰)歐洲劇場」這種沒水準的糟糕詞彙,中文沒有貧瘠到需要一詞用到底。
話說,香港有個動物醫院,網站有中英雙語介紹文,中文看來像是拙劣的半人工半機器翻譯的內容:
// 他們還接受靜脈輸液的利益,在手術過程中,包括絕育成本。手術是在無菌的方式和手術劇場。//
極爲可笑,不知所云,英文則是:
// They also receive the benefit of intravenous fluids during the surgery inclusive in the neutering cost. The surgery is carried out in a sterile manner and operative theater.//
這段英文拿去餵給 Google Translate 或 Bing 的機器翻譯,出來的結果都還勝過人工,機器都懂得把「operative theater」正確譯為「手術室」。難道現在一些譯者連查一查字典確認字義,或拜現代科技之賜、參考一下機譯結果這兩件事都懶得做了?
2. 同一句中譯裡,「在血汙和鋸屑中的尖叫」太過直譯 amid 這字,尖叫如何能在「鋸屑中」?這 blood and sawdust 指的是從手術臺流到地上的一灘血水,以及傾倒在地上用來吸收血水的木屑,可不是「人體鋸屑」,而木屑並沒有在空氣中亂飄,譯者寫出「在鋸屑中的尖叫」時,腦子不知浮現什麼奇異的「劇場」景象?我好像看到了譯者心中想像著,是不是那小孩的腿被鋸斷時,有「鋸屑」噴飛出來?
以下這一長段落,來自出版社提供的博客來試讀第一頁:
//Jagu—the fourth-born of my father’s siblings—came to live with us in Delhi in 1975, when I was five years old. His mind was also crumbling. Tall and rail thin, with a slightly feral look in his eyes and a shock of matted, overgrown hair, he resembled a Bengali Jim Morrison. Unlike Rajesh, whose illness had surfaced in his twenties, Jagu had been troubled from childhood. Socially awkward, withdrawn to everyone except my grandmother, he was unable to hold a job or live by himself. By 1975, deeper cognitive problems had emerged: he had visions, phantasms, and voices in his head that told him what to do. 【He made up conspiracy theories by the dozens: a banana vendor who sold fruit outside our house was secretly recording Jagu’s behavior. He often spoke to himself, with a particular obsession of reciting made-up train schedules】 (“Shimla to Howrah by Kalka mail, then transfer at Howrah to Shri Jagannath Express to Puri”). He was still capable of extraordinary bursts of tenderness—when I mistakenly smashed a beloved Venetian vase at home, he hid me in his bedclothes and informed my mother that he had “mounds of cash” stashed away that would buy “a thousand” vases in replacement. But 【this episode was symptomatic:】 【even his love for me involved extending the fabric of his psychosis and confabulation.】
一九七五年,當時我五歲,父親的四哥賈古搬來德里與我們同住。他也有精神崩潰的現象。賈古生得又高又瘦,帶著略顯凶悍的眼神和一頭糾結的亂髮,長得就像孟加拉版的美國歌手吉姆.莫理森(Jim Morrison)。和二十歲才發病的拉結什不同的是,他自幼就有精神問題。賈古生性內向畏縮,除了祖母之外,他對任何人都退避三舍,無法工作,生活也不能自理。到了一九七五年,他出現更嚴重的認知問題:幻象、幻覺,聽到腦裡有人指揮他要怎麼做。【他捏造了數十個陰謀:我家門外賣香蕉的小販偷偷記錄了賈古的言行舉止,說他自言自語,特別迷戀自訂的火車行程】 (「由西姆拉搭卡爾卡特郵車到豪拉,然後在豪拉轉札格納斯快車到浦里」)。他依舊會有溫情流露的時刻──有一次我不小心打破了家裡珍藏的威尼斯花瓶,他把我藏在他的被子裡,還告訴我媽他有「成堆的現金」可以買「上千個」花瓶賠償。不過,【這件事其實也說明了】【連他對我的愛都含有思覺失調和虛談症(confabulation)】//
說明:
1. He made up conspiracy theories by the dozens 後接一個冒號,這告訴我們,接下來的那句應該是要舉例陰謀,的確也是。不過,譯者卻誤解了英文,把再下一句的「自言自語」誤認為作者還在講述那陰謀,意思變成小販在無端指控賈古(「說他會自言自語、特別迷戀自訂的火車行程」),因此不是事實,但其實作者僅用一個短句舉例陰謀(a banana vendor who sold fruit outside our house was secretly recording Jagu’s behavior),接著便把主題拉回賈古身上,不再提陰謀,所以賈古的自言自語和覆誦火車行程,都是事實。
改:他捏造了數十個陰謀,例如:指控我們家門外賣香蕉的小販偷偷記錄了他的言行舉止。賈古也經常自言自語,特別執迷於覆誦他捏造的火車行程。
2. this episode was symptomatic 的翻譯頗敷衍,連醫學基本字彙都掌握不好,很令人不放心。symptomatic 是基本義「表現為某疾病的symptom」,不是引申義「某某事物即將發生的徵兆、跡象、預示」(sign, omen, portent),原譯「說明」,似乎把 symptomatic 理解爲後者而脫離了「病徵、症狀」之意。
symptomatic 後接冒號,表示下一句的內容在解釋、釐清前一句。什麼病的symptom?psychosis 和 confabulation。psychosis 還不能譯為思覺失調,因爲作者到了下一段才交代賈古被醫生正式診斷有思覺失調,這一段,作者對賈古的病症只是稱之為較籠統的 psychosis,譯者不要隨便「劇透」,辜負作者細心的鋪陳。
改:不過,這個小插曲是病徵的展現,連他對我的愛也攙進他的精神錯亂和虛談症(confabulation)。
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順便介紹一下,此書除了譯者以外,還有好棒棒的專家「掛名」審訂、導讀,以及一堆名人「掛名」推薦:
臺灣大學生命科學系教授 于宏燦 審訂/導讀
朱雪萍、吳青錫、呂俊毅、李文雄、李家維、阮雪芬、洪蘭、孫以瀚、徐建國、陳沛隆、陳嘉祥、超級歪、董桂書、劉炯朗、鍾明怡、顏擇雅、蘇文慧 各界學者/名人好評推薦
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讀不了原文、必須靠翻譯書吸收知識的讀者,請多多運用你批判思考的本能,不要對翻譯照單全收,或誤以爲你自己腦袋有問題。譯文的品質不太可能改善,我們必須反求諸己。