歷史性的一刻 ! 🎉
法國參議院以304:0 票無異議支持台灣加入國際組織 !
是TAIWAN 喔! 順利拉票成功~🎊
------------------------------
以下快速翻譯決議案, (有錯請糾正)
Le Sénat,
參議院。
Vu l’article 34-1 de la Constitution,
鑒於《憲法》第34-1條
Vu le chapitre XVI du Règlement du Sénat,
鑒於《參議院議事規則》第十六章。
Vu l’article 7 de la Convention-cadre du 09 mai 1992 des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC),
鑒於1992年5月9日《聯合國氣候變遷綱要公約》(UNFCCC)第7條
Vu la règle 5 du Règlement intérieur permanent de l’Assemblée de l’Organisation de l’aviation civile internationale (OACI),
鑒於國際民用航空組織(ICAO)大會《常設議事規則》第5條之規定
Vu l’article 4 du statut de l’Organisation internationale de police criminelle (Interpol),
鑒於《國際刑事員警組織(刑警組織)章程》第4條之規定
Vu l’article 8 et le h de l’article 18 de la Constitution de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS),
鑒於《世界衛生組織(WHO)章程》第8條和第18(h)條,
Considérant que la France place le multilatéralisme au centre de sa politique étrangère et de la défense de ses intérêts ;
鑒於多邊主義為法國外交政策和維護國家利益之核心;
Considérant que la contribution de Taïwan à l’économie et aux échanges mondiaux de toute nature s’est amplement développée au cours des dernières décennies ;
鑒於近幾十年來,臺灣對世界經濟和世界各類貿易的貢獻大幅增加。
Considérant que Taïwan observe de manière constante une attitude pacifique et coopérative à l’échelle mondiale et que ce territoire a développé une vie démocratique pluraliste reconnue ;
而臺灣在全球架構中始終保持著和平與合作的態度,並發展了公認的多元化民主生活。
Considérant que les statuts de l’OMS, de la CCNUCC, d’Interpol et de l’OACI offrent aux entités dépourvues de statut étatique des possibilités de participation ne portant pas atteinte aux droits des États membres ;
鑒於世衛組織、《氣候公約》、國際刑警組織和國際民航組織的章程為不具有國家地位的實體提供了參與的機會,但不侵犯成員國的權利。
Considérant que Taïwan a bénéficié de ces modalités de participation à plusieurs reprises ;
鑒於臺灣已多次從這些參與安排中受益;
Considérant que la participation de Taïwan à l’OMS, à la CCNUCC, à Interpol et à l’OACI présente une utilité majeure au bénéfice de la coopération d’intérêt mondial que ces organisations soutiennent et que cette utilité est particulièrement confirmée à l’Assemblée mondiale de la santé de l’OMS ;
鑒於臺灣參與世衛組織、氣候公約、國際刑警組織和國際民航組織,對全球合作有重大好處,並得到世衛組織世界衛生大會特別確認;
Souhaite la poursuite des démarches diplomatiques engagées par la France depuis plusieurs années en faveur de la participation de Taïwan à l’Assemblée mondiale de la santé de l’OMS et à l’OACI, ainsi que leur élargissement à la CCNUCC et à Interpol, selon les modalités que prévoient leurs règles respectives ;
呼籲繼續法國多年來採取的外交步驟,支援臺灣參加世衛組織世界衛生大會和國際民航組織,並根據各自的規則將其擴大到聯合國氣候變遷綱要公約和國際刑警組織。
Constate que cette démarche constructive est rigoureusement conforme à la position constante de la France au regard des relations qu’elle entretient avec la République populaire de Chine depuis 1964 ;
鑒於這一建設性的做法完全符合法國自1964年以來與中華人民共和國關係的一貫立場。
Observe avec satisfaction que ce souhait est partagé par de très nombreux États membres des organisations précitées
滿意地注意到上述組織的許多成員國都有這種願望。
Merci Sénat
Merci Taïwan en France
Merci @吳志中
與每一位散發正能量的台灣人
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2萬的網紅賓狗單字Bingo Bilingual,也在其Youtube影片中提到,賓狗的更多英文學習資源:https://www.zeczec.com/projects/bingobilingual · 全英文 podcast · 視訊家教 · 不定時線上課程 預習:spike, exit, boycott, draft, firefighter calendar 1 【s...
france constitution 在 Mordeth13 Facebook 的最佳貼文
Jenna Cody :
Is Taiwan a real China?
No, and with the exception of a few intervening decades - here’s the part that’ll surprise you - it never has been.
This’ll blow your mind too: that it never has been doesn’t matter.
So let’s start with what doesn’t actually matter.
Until the 1600s, Taiwan was indigenous. Indigenous Taiwanese are not Chinese, they’re Austronesian. Then it was a Dutch colony (note: I do not say “it was Dutch”, I say it was a Dutch colony). Then it was taken over by Ming loyalists at the end of the Ming dynasty (the Ming loyalists were breakaways, not a part of the new Qing court. Any overlap in Ming rule and Ming loyalist conquest of Taiwan was so brief as to be inconsequential).
Only then, in the late 1600s, was it taken over by the Chinese (Qing). But here’s the thing, it was more like a colony of the Qing, treated as - to use Emma Teng’s wording in Taiwan’s Imagined Geography - a barrier or barricade keeping the ‘real’ Qing China safe. In fact, the Qing didn’t even want Taiwan at first, the emperor called it “a ball of mud beyond the pale of civilization”. Prior to that, and to a great extent at that time, there was no concept on the part of China that Taiwan was Chinese, even though Chinese immigrants began moving to Taiwan under Dutch colonial rule (mostly encouraged by the Dutch, to work as laborers). When the Spanish landed in the north of Taiwan, it was the Dutch, not the Chinese, who kicked them out.
Under Qing colonial rule - and yes, I am choosing my words carefully - China only controlled the Western half of Taiwan. They didn’t even have maps for the eastern half. That’s how uninterested in it they were. I can’t say that the Qing controlled “Taiwan”, they only had power over part of it.
Note that the Qing were Manchu, which at the time of their conquest had not been a part of China: China itself essentially became a Manchu imperial holding, and Taiwan did as well, once they were convinced it was not a “ball of mud” but actually worth taking. Taiwan was not treated the same way as the rest of “Qing China”, and was not administered as a province until (I believe) 1887. So that’s around 200 years of Taiwan being a colony of the Qing.
What happened in the late 19th century to change China’s mind? Japan. A Japanese ship was shipwrecked in eastern Taiwan in the 1870s, and the crew was killed by hostile indigenous people in what is known as the Mudan Incident. A Japanese emissary mission went to China to inquire about what could be done, only to be told that China had no control there and if they went to eastern Taiwan, they did so at their own peril. China had not intended to imply that Taiwan wasn’t theirs, but they did. Japan - and other foreign powers, as France also attempted an invasion - were showing an interest in Taiwan, so China decided to cement its claim, started mapping the entire island, and made it a province.
So, I suppose for a decade or so Taiwan was a part of China. A China that no longer exists.
It remained a province until 1895, when it was ceded to Japan after the (first) Sino-Japanese War. Before that could happen, Taiwan declared itself a Republic, although it was essentially a Qing puppet state (though the history here is interesting - correspondence at the time indicates that the leaders of this ‘Republic of Taiwan’ considered themselves Chinese, and the tiger flag hints at this as well. However, the constitution was a very republican document, not something you’d expect to see in Qing-era China.) That lasted for less than a year, when the Japanese took it by force.
This is important for two reasons - the first is that some interpretations of IR theory state that when a colonial holding is released, it should revert to the state it was in before it was taken as a colony. In this case, that would actually be The Republic of Taiwan, not Qing-era China. Secondly, it puts to rest all notions that there was no Taiwan autonomy movement prior to 1947.
In any case, it would be impossible to revert to its previous state, as the government that controlled it - the Qing empire - no longer exists. The current government of China - the PRC - has never controlled it.
After the Japanese colonial era, there is a whole web of treaties and agreements that do not satisfactorily settle the status of Taiwan. None of them actually do so - those which explicitly state that Taiwan is to be given to the Republic of China (such as the Cairo declaration) are non-binding. Those that are binding do not settle the status of Taiwan (neither the treaty of San Francisco nor the Treaty of Taipei definitively say that Taiwan is a part of China, or even which China it is - the Treaty of Taipei sets out what nationality the Taiwanese are to be considered, but that doesn’t determine territorial claims). Treaty-wise, the status of Taiwan is “undetermined”.
Under more modern interpretations, what a state needs to be a state is…lessee…a contiguous territory, a government, a military, a currency…maybe I’m forgetting something, but Taiwan has all of it. For all intents and purposes it is independent already.
In fact, in the time when all of these agreements were made, the Allied powers weren’t as sure as you might have learned about what to do with Taiwan. They weren’t a big fan of Chiang Kai-shek, didn’t want it to go Communist, and discussed an Allied trusteeship (which would have led to independence) or backing local autonomy movements (which did exist). That it became what it did - “the ROC” but not China - was an accident (as Hsiao-ting Lin lays out in Accidental State).
In fact, the KMT knew this, and at the time the foreign minister (George Yeh) stated something to the effect that they were aware they were ‘squatters’ in Taiwan.
Since then, it’s true that the ROC claims to be the rightful government of Taiwan, however, that hardly matters when considering the future of Taiwan simply because they have no choice. To divest themselves of all such claims (and, presumably, change their name) would be considered by the PRC to be a declaration of formal independence. So that they have not done so is not a sign that they wish to retain the claim, merely that they wish to avoid a war.
It’s also true that most Taiwanese are ethnically “Han” (alongside indigenous and Hakka, although Hakka are, according to many, technically Han…but I don’t think that’s relevant here). But biology is not destiny: what ethnicity someone is shouldn’t determine what government they must be ruled by.
Through all of this, the Taiwanese have evolved their own culture, identity and sense of history. They are diverse in a way unique to Taiwan, having been a part of Austronesian and later Hoklo trade routes through Southeast Asia for millenia. Now, one in five (I’ve heard one in four, actually) Taiwanese children has a foreign parent. The Taiwanese language (which is not Mandarin - that’s a KMT transplant language forced on Taiwanese) is gaining popularity as people discover their history. Visiting Taiwan and China, it is clear where the cultural differences are, not least in terms of civic engagement. This morning, a group of legislators were removed after a weekend-long pro-labor hunger strike in front of the presidential palace. They were not arrested and will not be. Right now, a group of pro-labor protesters is lying down on the tracks at Taipei Main Station to protest the new labor law amendments.
This would never be allowed in China, but Taiwanese take it as a fiercely-guarded basic right.
*
Now, as I said, none of this matters.
What matters is self-determination. If you believe in democracy, you believe that every state (and Taiwan does fit the definition of a state) that wants to be democratic - that already is democratic and wishes to remain that way - has the right to self-determination. In fact, every nation does. You cannot be pro-democracy and also believe that it is acceptable to deprive people of this right, especially if they already have it.
Taiwan is already a democracy. That means it has the right to determine its own future. Period.
Even under the ROC, Taiwan was not allowed to determine its future. The KMT just arrived from China and claimed it. The Taiwanese were never asked if they consented. What do we call it when a foreign government arrives in land they had not previously governed and declares itself the legitimate governing power of that land without the consent of the local people? We call that colonialism.
Under this definition, the ROC can also be said to be a colonial power in Taiwan. They forced Mandarin - previously not a language native to Taiwan - onto the people, taught Chinese history, geography and culture, and insisted that the Taiwanese learn they were Chinese - not Taiwanese (and certainly not Japanese). This was forced on them. It was not chosen. Some, for awhile, swallowed it. Many didn’t. The independence movement only grew, and truly blossomed after democratization - something the Taiwanese fought for and won, not something handed to them by the KMT.
So what matters is what the Taiwanese want, not what the ROC is forced to claim. I cannot stress this enough - if you do not believe Taiwan has the right to this, you do not believe in democracy.
And poll after poll shows it: Taiwanese identify more as Taiwanese than Chinese (those who identify as both primarily identify as Taiwanese, just as I identify as American and Armenian, but primarily as American. Armenian is merely my ethnicity). They overwhelmingly support not unifying with China. The vast majority who support the status quo support one that leads to eventual de jure independence, not unification. The status quo is not - and cannot be - an endgame (if only because China has declared so, but also because it is untenable). Less than 10% want unification. Only a small number (a very small minority) would countenance unification in the future…even if China were to democratize.
The issue isn’t the incompatibility of the systems - it’s that the Taiwanese fundamentally do not see themselves as Chinese.
A change in China’s system won’t change that. It’s not an ethnic nationalism - there is no ethnic argument for Taiwan (or any nation - didn’t we learn in the 20th century what ethnicity-based nation-building leads to? Nothing good). It’s not a jingoistic or xenophobic nationalism - Taiwanese know that to be dangerous. It’s a nationalism based on shared identity, culture, history and civics. The healthiest kind of nationalism there is. Taiwan exists because the Taiwanese identify with it. Period.
There are debates about how long the status quo should go on, and what we should risk to insist on formal recognition. However, the question of whether or not to be Taiwan, not China…
…well, that’s already settled.
The Taiwanese have spoken and they are not Chinese.
Whatever y’all think about that doesn’t matter. That’s what they want, and if you believe in self-determination you will respect it.
If you don’t, good luck with your authoritarian nonsense, but Taiwan wants nothing to do with it.
france constitution 在 傅麗玲 Cindy Po Facebook 的最佳解答
丽玲姐姐在哪里 ?
Once upon a time 。。。 📽🎬 The Kingdom of Cambodia
🔥 chumree-uhp soo-uh 你好 🔥
🔥 loak soksapbâ-ee chee-uh tây ?
你好吗?(对男人)🔥
🔥 nay-ihk sruh-ee soksapbâ-ee chee-uh tây 你好吗?(对女人)🔥
🔥 kh*nyom soksapbâ-ee, choh loak? 我很好,你呢?🔥
🔥 Cambodia is a Southeast Asian nation whose landscape spans low-lying plains, the Mekong Delta, mountains and Gulf of Thailand coastline. Phnom Penh, its capital, is home to the art deco Central Market, glittering Royal Palace and the National Museum's historical and archaeological exhibits. In the country's northwest are the ruins of Angkor Wat, a massive stone temple complex built during the Khmer Empire.
🔥 柬埔寨是一个东南亚国家,其景观横跨低洼平原,湄公河三角洲,山脉和泰国湾海岸线。 首都金边拥有装饰艺术风格的中央市场,闪闪发光的皇宫和国家博物馆的历史与考古展览。 在该国的西北部是吴哥窟(Angkor Wat)的废墟,吴哥窟是在高棉帝国时期建造的大型石庙建筑群
🔥 1、柬埔寨语(旧称高棉语)属于南亚语系,以金边口音为标准,现代柬埔寨语中也吸收了不少外来语,其中有梵语,巴利语,法语,汉语,泰语,越南语等。国内有北京外国语大学、广西民族大学、云南民族大学、云南师范大学等高校开设了柬埔寨语专业。19世纪中后期,法国成为柬埔寨的保护国,法语成为官方语言。
🔥Cambodian (formerly known as Khmer) belongs to the South Asian language family. It is based on the Phnom Penh accent. Modern Cambodian has also absorbed many foreign languages, including Sanskrit, Pali, French, Chinese, Thai, Vietnamese, etc. In China, universities such as Beijing Foreign Studies University, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Yunnan University for Nationalities, Yunnan Normal University and other universities offer Cambodian language majors. In the mid to late 19th century, France became Cambodia's protectorate and French became the official language.
🔥2、柬埔寨成为法国的保护国,法语成为官方语言。高棉语被排斥,学校不教授高棉语。柬埔寨独立后,高棉语重新成为官方语言,被写入宪法。
🔥Cambodia became a protectorate of France and French became the official language. Khmer language is rejected and Khmer language is not taught in schools. After Cambodia's independence, Khmer language became an official language again and was written into the Constitution.
🔥3、柬埔寨语的拼音法由辅音,元音相拼而成,辅音分高辅音,低辅音,重叠辅音和阻声辅音,元音分高元音,低元音,复合元音和独立元音。
🔥The Cambodian phonetic method is composed of consonants and vowels. Consonants are divided into high consonants, low consonants, overlapping consonants and blocked consonants, and vowels are divided into high vowels, low vowels, compound vowels and independent vowels.
🔥4、柬埔寨语的使用中等级严格,因人而异,皇族语言在柬埔寨语中占有一定的比例。
🔥The use of Cambodian is strictly graded and varies from person to person. The royal language occupies a certain proportion of Cambodian language
france constitution 在 賓狗單字Bingo Bilingual Youtube 的最佳貼文
賓狗的更多英文學習資源:https://www.zeczec.com/projects/bingobilingual
· 全英文 podcast
· 視訊家教
· 不定時線上課程
預習:spike, exit, boycott, draft, firefighter calendar
1 【spike 高峰】— 名詞
Spain has a night-time curfew to help control a new spike in COVID-19 infections.
2 【exit 離開;走出】— 動詞
Melbourne will exit lockdown after recording no new COVID-19 cases.
3 【boycott 抵制】— 名詞France has urged West Asian countries to end calls for a boycott.
4【draft 擬定初稿;起草】— 動詞
Nearly 80 percent of voters opted for a new constitution drafted by citizens.
5 【firefighter calendar 消防員年曆】— 名詞
Australian Firefighters Calendar may be the world’s most popular calendar.
簡單複習:
1)spike 高峰
2)exit 離開;走出
3)boycott 抵制
4)draft 擬定初稿;起草
5)firefighter calendar 消防員年曆
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france constitution 在 France's Constitution of 1958 with Amendments through 2008 的相關結果
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france constitution 在 French Constitution of 1791 - Wikipedia 的相關結果
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france constitution 在 CONSTITUTION OF OCTOBER 4, 1958 - Conseil constitutionnel 的相關結果
France shall be an indivisible, secular, democratic and social Republic. It shall ensure the equality of all citizens before the law, without distinction of ... ... <看更多>