香港不是行中國法的嗎？
國際特赦組織 國際新聞稿
Amnesty International Press Release
香港：警方處理爭取民主示威學生手法 令人擔憂
Hong Kong: Police response to student pro-democracy protest an alarming sign
在昨晚(9月26日)及今日學生爭取民主的示威行動中，香港警方倉促使用胡椒噴霧以及拘捕行動者，國際特赦組織擔憂，香港政府會於未來的大型示威中，無法履行保障和平集會的自由以及表達自由。
星期五晚，已在政府總部罷課五日的學生以及示威人士，進入政府總部內已圍封的公民廣場，同時數以千計的示威人士繼續在公民廣場外示威。
警方於公民廣場內外，向示威人士噴射胡椒噴霧，並拘捕示威人士。約70名於公民廣場的示威人士遭警方徹夜包圍，並於星期六午後被捕。
國際特赦組織香港分會總幹事區美寶認為「警方於星期五晚的行動實在令人不安，反映香港政府將會嚴厲打壓即將於商業區進行的和平示威」。
「倉促施放胡椒噴霧、出動防暴隊以及拘捕行動，對即將發生的大型示威行動，是個很負面的跡象。當局必須立即以及無條件釋放所有因行使表達以及集會自由而被捕的示威人士。
佔領中環行動組織者呼籲10,000名示威人士於10月1日國慶日佔領香港的金融區。示威人士對北京近來就香港「普選」問題的決定感到憤怒，並擔心此為2017年全面民主選舉落閘。
區美寶指「驅散和平示威必須是在別無他法的情況下才能使用的做法。示威人士因為純粹行使表達自由以及和平集會的權利而被捕以及拘留，有違國際法」。
「若是和平示威以及欠明顯合理理由使用武力，警方使用武力並無必要。即使有個別人士行為違法，和平集會的和平本質並不會因此受損」。
「警方有積極責任採取措施確保和平集會以及示威順利進行，而不是針對並打壓行使和平集會權利的人士。」
國際特赦組織促請政府當局履行其國際以及本地人權法責任，尊重表達自由以及和平集會的權利。當局必須確保所有被捕人士可從速聯絡律師，並有需要時獲得適當治療。
《公民權利和政治權利國際公約》適用於香港。香港《基本法》是香港憲法，第27條保障「香港居民享有言論、新聞、出版的自由，結社、集會、遊行、示威的自由，組織和參加工會、罷工的權利和自由」，屬憲制權利。
於和平示威時使用公共空間，不論是公園或金融區，均屬合理使用的理由。「政府當局沒有權因和平示威對交通構成阻礙或沒有得到批准，而將該示威說成『違法』。」區美寶說。
背景資料
香港法律要求組織者申請「不反對通知書」以舉行包括遊行在內的公眾集會。根據國際法，示威人士不需要獲得政府當局批准而進行公眾集會；然而，當局仍可要求於組織者於集會前作出通知。
根據國際法，任何政府只能於有必要保護公眾利益或保障他人權利時，限制公民的和平集會自由。任何合法限制必須合乎比例性及最少而可行的限制。警方需要避免使用武力；若然有此需要，使用武力的目的必須遵從於國際法框架下。而警方需要以最低度而有需要的武力，以達致其合理目的。
於本年7月1日，香港有數以十萬計人輕參與年度遊行，參與人數為近年之冠。緊隨遊行後的7月2日清晨，學生組織香港專上學生聯會於香港金融區舉行倡議民主政制靜坐行動，有數以千計人士參與。
警察以「非法集結」及「在公眾地方造成阻礙」為由，拘捕並扣留超過500名示威人士。25 名參與者獲保釋外出，但仍將面對刑事檢控。
根據香港警方資料，於9月26及27日的示威活動中，13名年齡介乎16至35歲的參與人輕於星期六早上以「強行侵入政府建築物」、「在公眾地方造成阻礙」及「阻差辦公」為由被捕。據報，最少28名示威者及執法人士報稱受傷。
The quick use of pepper spray and arrests by Hong Kong police during pro-democracy demonstrations last night and today has renewed fears the authorities will fail to uphold the rights to peaceful assembly and free expression at larger protests planned for next week, Amnesty International said.
On Friday night, a week-long sit-in by thousands of students culminated in a group of protesters entering the fenced-off Civic Square in front of the local government’s headquarters, while thousands continued to demonstrate outside.
The police reacted by using pepper spray inside and outside of the square and carrying out arrests. Around 70 people remained boxed-in by police in the square overnight and were arrested on Saturday afternoon.
"The police response to events on Friday night is a disturbing sign that the Hong Kong authorities will take a tough stance against any peaceful protest blocking the financial district," said Mabel Au, Director of Amnesty International Hong Kong.
“The quick use of pepper spray, deployment of riot police in full gear and arrests at government headquarters does not bode well for the potentially massive protests expected this week. All those being held solely for exercising their rights to freedom of expression and assembly must be immediately and unconditionally released.”
Organizers of the Occupy Central movement have called for up to 10,000 protesters to block the financial district in the centre of Hong Kong on 1 October, China's National Day. The protesters are angry about Beijing's recent decision on how “universal suffrage” is to be implemented in the territory, which they fear will rule out fully democratic elections in 2017.
"Any decision to disperse a peaceful demonstration must be taken as a last resort. It is a violation of international law to arrest and detain people solely for exercising their rights to freedom of expression and peaceful assembly," said Mabel Au.
"Any use of force by the police is unnecessary if it is a peaceful demonstration and no legitimate reasons to use force are apparent. It is important to remember that a peaceful assembly does not lose its peaceful character even if some individuals behave unlawfully.”
“Police have a responsibility to actually facilitate peaceful protests rather than target people who have every right to participate in them."
Amnesty International urges the authorities to uphold their obligations under international and domestic law to respect the right to freedom of expression and peaceful assembly. Authorities must also ensure that all people arrested have prompt access to lawyers, as well as medical attention where requested.
Hong Kong is bound by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Article 27 of Hong Kong's “mini-constitution”, the Basic Law, guarantees "freedom of speech, of the press and of publication; freedom of expression, of assembly of procession and demonstration."
Peaceful protest is a legitimate use of public space, whether that space is a public park or a financial district.
“Authorities have no right to brand a peaceful protest ‘illegal’ just because traffic is disrupted for some time, or because they did not authorize it in advance," said Mabel Au.
Hong Kong law requires organizers to apply for permission to hold demonstrations. Under international law, protests do not require approval by the authorities, though advance notice can be requested.
Background
Under international law, restrictions on peaceful assemblies are only permissible if they are necessary to protect legitimate public interests or the rights of others. Any legitimate restrictions must be proportionate and the least restrictive available. Police should avoid any use of force, but if they do it must have a legitimate objective recognized under human rights law and be kept to the minimum level required for police to achieve this.
On 1 July this year, Hong Kong saw one of the largest rallies in recent years, with hundreds of thousands taking part. In the early hours of 2 July following the rally, a student organization staged a pro-democracy sit-in in the heart of Hong Kong’s financial district, which was attended by thousands of protesters.
Police detained more than 500 of these protesters on charges of ‘illegal assembly’ and ‘obstruction of a public place’. Twenty-five of these have been released on bail but are still subject to criminal investigations.
During the protests on 26 and 27 September, according to police, 13 people aged 16 to 35 had been arrested by early Saturday on charges ranging from “forcibly entry to government premises”, “obstruction of a public place” and “resisting or obstructing a public officer or other person lawfully engaged in a public duty”; at least 28 protesters and law enforcement officers had reportedly been injured.
