【家庭醫學】~ 爬樹對小朋友的益處和風險
最近爬樹正熱,你家的小朋友也爬樹了嗎?
因為少子化的關係,現在很多家長都十分保護小孩子,可能連樹都不能爬了!
理由就是「危險」!
然而,爬樹是人類演化中的天性,是生存必需的技能;從遠古時代,為了躲避危險 (洪水、猛獸),就需要爬到樹上;為了採集樹上的果實,同樣需要爬樹;為了偵查附近的情況,爬到樹上也是個好選擇。
在美國很多州,甚至還有團體制定了「兒童戶外權利法案」(Children's Outdoor Bill of Rights);其中,爬樹就是一項權利。
你也可以上網看看唷,真的不是虎爛的
http://bit.ly/30VWpXs
回到正題,那我們在禁止小朋友爬樹之前,先來看看之前研究報告中,爬樹有哪些益處吧?
1. 批判性思考 (Critical thinking)
2. 想像力 及 創造力 (Imagination and creativity)
3. 解決問題能力 (Problem solving)
4. 自信心 (Self-confidence)
5. 社交互動 (Social interaction)
6. 敏捷 及 體力 (Dexterity and physical strength)
7. 認知 及 情感力 (Cognitive and emotional strength)
8. 恢復力 (Resiliency)
9. 風險談判 (Risk negotiation)
10. 空間感 (Spatial awareness)
看完是不是也想爬樹了呢?還是你覺得這些屬性,好像在玩遊戲,要把主人公的能力都點滿。
我們當然不會只隱惡揚善,爬樹也會有風險的,傷害主要機轉是[高處跌落],如:挫傷、牙齒斷裂、骨折、昏迷、死亡。
那家長可以做什麼,才能提供小朋友一個安全的爬樹環境呢?
A. 協助小朋友測試樹的強度
B. 避免已經枯死的樹枝
C. 教導小朋友要尊重大樹
D. 溼滑時不要爬樹
如果還是會害怕,那現在有很多團體有辦理「攀樹課程」,家長就交給專業的去教學。現在正值暑假,相關的活動應該很多。大家有興趣,再自己找課程上囉。或是上過課有推薦的,也可以留言在下面供大家參考。
(之前在大安森林公園也看過攀樹的活動)
[參考文獻]:
Gull, Carla, Suzanne Levenson Goldenstein, and Tricia Rosengarten. "Benefits and Risks of Tree Climbing on Child Development and Resiliency." International Journal of Early Childhood Environmental Education 5.2 (2018): 10-29.
同時也有3部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過3萬的網紅POPA Channel,也在其Youtube影片中提到,父母多些同子女睇書,不單止可以增強小朋友的語言能力、培養他們對閱讀的興趣,更可以幫助他們增進知識、擴闊眼界、和學習良好的品格。不過,父母睇書講故事時,應該用書面語朗讀,還是用口語講好? 參考資料 The Effects of Storytelling and Story Reading on t...
「early childhood education journal」的推薦目錄:
- 關於early childhood education journal 在 家醫/職醫_陳崇賢醫師 Facebook 的最讚貼文
- 關於early childhood education journal 在 家醫/職醫_陳崇賢醫師 Facebook 的最佳解答
- 關於early childhood education journal 在 Chia-Chi Yu / 達姆 Facebook 的最佳解答
- 關於early childhood education journal 在 POPA Channel Youtube 的最佳貼文
- 關於early childhood education journal 在 POPA Channel Youtube 的最佳解答
- 關於early childhood education journal 在 POPA Channel Youtube 的最佳貼文
early childhood education journal 在 家醫/職醫_陳崇賢醫師 Facebook 的最佳解答
【家庭醫學】~ 爬樹對小朋友的益處和風險
最近爬樹正熱,你家的小朋友也爬樹了嗎?
因為少子化的關係,現在很多家長都十分保護小孩子,可能連樹都不能爬了!
理由就是「危險」!
然而,爬樹是人類演化中的天性,是生存必需的技能;從遠古時代,為了躲避危險 (洪水、猛獸),就需要爬到樹上;為了採集樹上的果實,同樣需要爬樹;為了偵查附近的情況,爬到樹上也是個好選擇。
在美國很多州,甚至還有團體制定了「兒童戶外權利法案」(Children's Outdoor Bill of Rights);其中,爬樹就是一項權利。
你也可以上網看看唷,真的不是虎爛的
http://bit.ly/30VWpXs
回到正題,那我們在禁止小朋友爬樹之前,先來看看之前研究報告中,爬樹有哪些益處吧?
1. 批判性思考 (Critical thinking)
2. 想像力 及 創造力 (Imagination and creativity)
3. 解決問題能力 (Problem solving)
4. 自信心 (Self-confidence)
5. 社交互動 (Social interaction)
6. 敏捷 及 體力 (Dexterity and physical strength)
7. 認知 及 情感力 (Cognitive and emotional strength)
8. 恢復力 (Resiliency)
9. 風險談判 (Risk negotiation)
10. 空間感 (Spatial awareness)
看完是不是也想爬樹了呢?還是你覺得這些屬性,好像在玩遊戲,要把主人公的能力都點滿。
我們當然不會只隱惡揚善,爬樹也會有風險的,傷害主要機轉是[高處跌落],如:挫傷、牙齒斷裂、骨折、昏迷、死亡。
那家長可以做什麼,才能提供小朋友一個安全的爬樹環境呢?
A. 協助小朋友測試樹的強度
B. 避免已經枯死的樹枝
C. 教導小朋友要尊重大樹
D. 溼滑時不要爬樹
如果還是會害怕,那現在有很多團體有辦理「攀樹課程」,家長就交給專業的去教學。現在正值暑假,相關的活動應該很多。大家有興趣,再自己找課程上囉。或是上過課有推薦的,也可以留言在下面供大家參考。
(之前在大安森林公園也看過攀樹的活動)
[參考文獻]:
Gull, Carla, Suzanne Levenson Goldenstein, and Tricia Rosengarten. "Benefits and Risks of Tree Climbing on Child Development and Resiliency." International Journal of Early Childhood Environmental Education 5.2 (2018): 10-29.
early childhood education journal 在 Chia-Chi Yu / 達姆 Facebook 的最佳解答
‘Kodomo no kuni (Children’s Land) was Japan’s leading illustrated magazine for children in the early decades of the twentieth century. It was founded and published by Kyutaro Takami in 23 volumes and 287 issues from January 1922 to March 1944.
The magazine included pictures, stories, children's songs, dances, plays, and articles on handicrafts for young children. It was published in a format and content pioneering a totally new genre of artistic children's magazines.
The 260 x 185 mm format was somewhat larger than the conventional journal. A heavy matte paper was used, both to enhance the feeling of intimacy for young readers and to sustain repeated turning of the pages.
The effect of color printing on this paper turned out to be outstanding, and eventually provided a vehicle much in demand for numerous talented artists whose creativity was devoted to children.
It was the time of the free spirit of "Taisho democracy," when educators were advocating a child-centered system of education stressing the natural personality and individuality of children.
Editorial advisor Kurahashi Sozo, a leading authority on children's education, strongly believed in the role of art in the pursuit of the ideal way of life. He called on artists to produce varied yet genuinely artistic forms of expression for children. The editorial staff included poets Kitahara Hakushu and Noguchi Ujo as advisors on children's songs, composer Nakayama Shinpei as advisor on musical compositions, Wada Koko as editor-in-chief, and Okamoto Kiichi as chief art editor.
The artists regularly attended editorial meetings of the journal. 0They were encouraged to view children straightforwardly, ask what they were thinking, and to urge young readers to find themselves in the pictures. In the first phase of the journal's publication, from 1922 to 1932, more than one hundred artists contributed, a quarter of whom were women.
The leading artists were Okamoto Kiichi, Takei Takeo, Shimizu Yoshio, Kawakami Shiro, Hatsuyama Shigeru, and Honda Shotaro, all already highly reputed in children's magazines for their work. Tokyosha also brought in the already established artists Takehisa Yumeji and Hosokibara Seiki to join them.
The 1920s was an era of urbanization and technological revolution. The role of art in society was also transformed with the growing importance of such genres as architecture and commercial art. However, Kodomo no kuni maintained its devotion to the nourishment of the minds and hearts of children in the newly modernized Japan. The pages of Kodomo no kuni brought to children pictures not only illustrating poetry and stories but also vividly recording the colorful daily life and fantasies of childhood.’ – From the Kodomo no Kuni website
early childhood education journal 在 POPA Channel Youtube 的最佳貼文
父母多些同子女睇書,不單止可以增強小朋友的語言能力、培養他們對閱讀的興趣,更可以幫助他們增進知識、擴闊眼界、和學習良好的品格。不過,父母睇書講故事時,應該用書面語朗讀,還是用口語講好?
參考資料
The Effects of Storytelling and Story Reading on the Oral Language Complexity and Story Comprehension of Young Children, Rebecca Isbell, Early Childhood Education Journal, Vol. 32, No. 3, December 2004
A Comparison Study of the Effects of Story Reading and Storytelling on the Reading Performance of Young Children, Hong Kong Journal of Early Childhood, Vol. 10, No. 1, July 2011
小巫(2013)。好故事,怎麼說?爸媽也能變成說故事高手。台灣:龍少年。
early childhood education journal 在 POPA Channel Youtube 的最佳解答
上集提到,由美國學者所創的 tools of the mind 課程,學生既可以每日返學,只係以玩遊戲方式學習,學術能力和自制能力亦明顯比其他小朋友優勝,而且更有獨立科學研究確認它的功效,到底 tools 課程有何特別之處?
其中一個與傳統教育方法最大的差異是,以往若我們想去調整小孩的行為,一般都會用獎勵正面行為、懲罰負面行為的方法。但從tools of the mind 課程的角度看,這些外來的引導手法(external reinforcement systems),其實有很多缺點,例如小朋友會變得只是識得服從、缺乏自發性,而且功效不持久,當不再有獎或者罰的時候,他們的行為便可能不再受到控制。
所以,在 tools 課室內,是不會有獎勵或懲罰的。因為 tools 的理念認為,小朋友的學習方式,是一個由內在牽動的自發過程(self-regulation),家長老師應該做的,是營造一個合適的環境,提供適當的輔助去誘導學生自發的學習。而最有效的方法,就是讓他們玩遊戲!
參考資料
www. toolsofthemind. org
Tough P. Can Play Teach Self-Control? New York Times Magazine, September 25, 2009
Branson P. & Merryman A. 2011. NurtureShock: New Thinking About Children
Bodrova E. 2008. Make-believe play vs. academic skills: A Vygotskian approach to today’s dilemma of early childhood education. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal 2008
Istomina, Z.M. 1977. The developmental of voluntary memory in preschool-age children. In Soviet developmental psychology, ed. M. Cole. New York: M.E. Sharpe
Manuilenko, Zinaida V. 1975. The Development of Voluntary Behavior by Preschool-age Children. Soviet Psychology and Psychiatry
early childhood education journal 在 POPA Channel Youtube 的最佳貼文
在幼兒教育的研究領域入面,一直存在兩派陣營。一派認為,學業愈早開始愈好,應該一出世便開始玩閃卡認字,兩歲便入幼稚園學讀書寫字、日日做功課,最好入小學前已經學識小一、二、三的課程,贏在起跑線。
另一派則認為,過度催谷小朋友的學業,非但不能確保他們將來學有所成,而且仲可能會造成小朋友將來的心理問題、情緒問題。家長老師應該跟隨小朋友的進度,讓他們自由自在的探索世界,培養社交能力,這樣比學會讀書寫字重要得多。小朋友不應在學業上有任何壓力。
究竟哪一種說法才對?一派的目標是,希望催谷小朋友在學術上的認知能力(cognitive abilities),而另一派的目標是,希望小朋友的性格、心智可以健康發展(mental development)。
又或者,其實有沒有辦法可以兩者兼得?
參考資料
www. toolsofthemind. org
Tough, P. “Can Play Teach Self-Control?” New York Times Magazine, September 25, 2009
Bronson, Po, and Ashley Merryman. "Chapter 8: Can Self-Control Be Taught?" NurtureShock: New Thinking about Children. New York: Twelve, 2009.
Bodrova, E., “Make-believe Play vs. Academic Skills: A Vygotskian Approach to Today’s Dilemma of Early Childhood Education” European Early Childhood Education Research Journal. 2008
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