關於 controlled variable ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

欣賞一下富士賽道+LS500h的美圖吧！

【試車報告】 Lexus LS 500h 旗艦版 高性能油電
【4K UHD | https://youtu.be/pyc7E1mcPrA】

秋天，富士山脊下，風，微涼，低斜的陽光，風景絕美，讓人存在著速度的悸動，心跳，隨著引擎轉速拉升!

用速度，召喚光與熱，和LS 500h在Fuji Speedway約會！

【造型 跑車化】

自從1989年，第一代LS問世後，便將日本旗艦房車的標準推向了世界頂尖，氣派的造型，吸引了許多層峰人士的青睞，迄今仍偶爾會在台北的街往，見到一、二代車型的身影！

我曾經試駕過三代以降的車型，對於每一代車型在豪華、性能、科技及安全上的演進十分有感。

這次試駕的車款已是第五代車型，參加第四代車款的海外試車那時，已經是11年前的事了，當時，除了精緻的動力配置讓我感到滿意外，首度配置八速手自排，也讓這輛豪華房車變得更具駕馭樂趣。

時隔多年，上一代LS歷經數次小改，也推出Hybrid旗艦版LS 600h，然而面對歐系旗艦房車不斷推陳出新，原廠於是傾全力，矢志打造次世代旗艦，好提升LS車系的競爭力！

New LS車系共分為LS 350、LS 500及LS 500h，我們這次試駕的版本為Hybrid的500h，這款車可說是集結多項Lexus新科技，除了有類Coupe的帥氣造型，內裝配置也以跑車化改造，在舒適與豪華之外，還保留些許動感！

原廠除了鎖定後座買家外，也希望獲得自駕型買家青睞，於是以Omotenashi賓至如歸的設計概念規劃，並以Seat in Control的模式將所有按鍵集中在駕駛座，出風口造型並採用琴弦式的設計，車內並配置新式HMI及12.3吋的數位儀錶，上方還有HUD抬頭顯示裝置，除了科技感外，讓內裝充滿舒適與豪華的設計氛圍！前座椅擁有28向電調+按摩功能，後座椅除了有Ottoman的功能外，還有22向調整功能，搭配前座椅背前傾功能，可以讓人享受彷若商務艙般的休憩功能。

在安全陳設上，LS擁有LSS+的主動防護科技，涵蓋了PCS、DRCC及LDA等配備，但礙於台灣的交通環境，並未將全套半自動駕駛系統導入。

【寂靜 新動力】

LS 500h的動力配置與LC 500h完全相同，搭載一具3.5升V6 NA引擎，最大動力為299hp/35.7kgm，搭配電動馬達後，綜效馬力可達359hp，為了讓Hybrid動能發揮更好的傳輸效率，其變速箱配置採用具六速模擬功能的ECVT結合一具四速自排，總共有十速變速的功能，可以藉由綿密的齒比配置，讓引擎加速表現更線性、更敏捷，因此原廠宣稱0~100km/h加速可於5.4秒達成，性能表現已足具水準。

這次試車總代理特別安排在日本靜岡縣的富士賽道舉行，這個興建於’60年代的日本第一條F1賽道，總長4.56km，光大直線就有1.475km，我之前曾駕著McLaren 650S以280km/h的高速呼嘯而過…然而，650S是超跑，而LS 500h是豪華房車，在這條高速賽道的實際表現如何？說真的，我也很好奇！

由於每個人只有三圈的試煉時間，為了避免危險，原廠除了安排RC F作為前導車外，副手座還有位教練協助。一出PIT Lane，RC F慢慢加速，通過幾個彎之後，我也開始拉近與RC F的距離，前導車的駕駛大概知道我的意圖，開始全油門衝刺…

競速，對我來說是很刺激的事情，除了可以激發腎上腺素，也可激發試駕車款的潛能，雖然試車時我必須邊講解感受，邊控制車速及過彎路線，但光是第一圈我就發現，LS 500h的操控真的很棒，GA-L底盤沿自LC車系，儘管軸距拉長了255mm，但剛性依然出色，且這輛Hybrid房車，同樣保有52%：48%的車體配重，全油門加速時，重心略微移轉，感覺更均衡，入彎前重踩煞車、連續降檔、入彎，除了覺得轉向精準外，路感傳遞亦相當精細。

當然，畢竟這是一輛重達兩公噸的大型房車，雖已搭配20吋胎圈，讓抓地表現大幅提升，但要跟GT跑車RC F PK，說真的，連我都不相信…而且縱使Hybrid的動力輸出飽滿，但出彎再加速還是不若配置V8 NA引擎的RC F快，通過小夾角彎道時，儘管我用Trail Break的技巧，帶煞車入彎，仍還是感受得到高荷重的影響，提早出彎補油時，前輪除了哀鳴以外，也讓再加速顯得有點拖住。

但整體來說，這輛房車的操控潛質還是很高，有精良的路感回饋，犀利的轉向反應，大直線全油門加速，還是可以輕易飆破200km/h，接著繼續進行下一圈試煉。

【TCar短評】

說真的，開著LS 500h在富士賽道奔馳是很好玩的事，享受這輛大型房車的極限！對於後座買家而，Hybrid設定的500h才能享受商務艙等級的後座尊榮，且LS 350也無法藉由選配與其媲美，否則我大概會想推薦入門的車款，此外，LS 500h的乘坐舒適性真的很棒，甚至還擁有Mark Levinson的頂級音響配置。

不過，雖然這輛油電房車在賽道的表現不錯，但對於自駕買家而言，我想，動力表現更強的LS 500，應該更能凸顯這副底盤的優異。

【Lexus LS 500h 旗艦版】

引擎型式: 3456c.c. V6 DOHC 24V
引擎最大馬力: 299PS/6600rpm
引擎最大扭力: 35.7kgm/5100rpm
電動馬達最大馬力: 179PS
電動馬達最大扭力: 30.6kgm
車輛最大綜效馬力: 359PS
長寬高: 5235x1900x1450mm
軸距: 3125mm
車重: 2295kg
驅動模式: FR
煞車結構: 四輪碟煞
懸吊結構: 前後多連桿
輪胎規格: 前後245/45 RF20
國內售價: 497萬元起

【主要配備】

LED頭燈、日行燈、後霧燈、尾燈
電動天窗
電動調整收納車外後視鏡 (附 R 檔自動向下調整、電熱除霧、自動防眩功能)
動力輔助車門關閉系統
電動開闔附自動吸附式行李箱蓋(附感應式開啟功能)
電子控制氣壓動力懸吊
AVS可變阻尼避震系統 (Adaptive Variable Suspension)
引擎室車身抑震拉桿
真皮包覆原木方向盤(附電動四向調整、換檔撥片)
EPS 電子動力方向盤 ( Electric Power Steering )
12.3 吋雙顯示螢幕
LEXUS 原廠中文衛星導航系統 (附 3D 顯示功能)
資訊整合操控介面
HUD 多功能抬頭顯示幕
智能多重駕馭模式(EV / ECO / Comfort / Normal / SPORT S / SPORT S+ / Custom)
室內環景 LED 燈光組
前座觸控式閱讀燈
Alcantara® 車室頂篷
鍍鉻門檻
極簡復古石英鐘
電動調整後座車窗、後擋遮陽簾
Semi-aniline 頂級真皮24向調整雙前座椅(附通風、電熱功能、電動四向腰背調整)
尊爵 OTTOMAN電動22向調整右後座椅、電動調整18向左後座椅(附舒壓按摩、通風、電熱功能)
四區獨立S-FLOW 智慧型恆溫空調系統(附智慧型空調管家、花粉過濾、nanoe™ 空氣清淨系統、紅外線熱感應溫控系統)
23揚聲器Mark Levinson® Reference Surround音響系統(ASL 自動音頻補償功能 ( Automatic Sound Levelizer ))
後座專屬娛樂 、DVD 播放系統(附 11.6 吋前座後方雙椅背式螢幕)
Lexus Safety System+ 主動式安全防護系統
PCS 預警式防護系統 ( Pre-Crash Safety System )
DRCC 雷達感應式車距維持定速系統 ( Dynamic Radar Cruise Control System )
AHS 智慧型遠光燈自動遮蔽系統 ( Adaptive High-beam system )
LDA 車道偏離警示系統 ( Lane Departure Alert )
DSC 檔位誤入動力限制系統 ( Drive -start Control )
VDIM 車輛動態整合管理系統 ( Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management )
ECB 電子式煞車控制系統 ( Electronically Controlled Brake )
VSC 車輛穩定控制系統 ( Vehicle Stability Control )
TRC 循跡防滑控制系統 ( Traction Control )
BAS 煞車力道輔助系統 ( Brake Assist System )
EBD 電子煞車力道分配系統 ( Electronic Brake Force Distribution )
EPB 電子駐車煞車系統 ( Electric Parking Brake )
BSM 盲點偵測警示系統 ( Blind Spot Monitor )
RCTA 後方車側交通警示系統 ( Rear Cross Traffic Alert )
倒車影像輔助系統
360 度環景影像輔助系統 ( Panoramic View Monitor )
WIL 頸椎傷害緩和座椅 ( Whiplash Injury Lessening )
HIP 頭部衝擊緩和結構 ( Head Impact Protection )
雙前座智慧型兩階段式 SRS 氣囊、膝部 SRS 氣囊、座椅側內置式 SRS 氣囊、車側簾式 SRS 氣囊、後座椅側內置式 SRS 氣囊、雙後座防潛滑 SRS 氣囊

LEXUS.tw | TCar 葉明德 | Fuji International Speedway
#lexus #ls #500h #tcar #fuji #speedway #賽道試駕 #葉明德

【試車報告】 Lexus LS 500h 旗艦版 高性能油電
【4K UHD | https://youtu.be/pyc7E1mcPrA】

秋天，富士山脊下，風，微涼，低斜的陽光，風景絕美，讓人存在著速度的悸動，心跳，隨著引擎轉速拉升!

用速度，召喚光與熱，和LS 500h在Fuji Speedway約會！

【造型 跑車化】

自從1989年，第一代LS問世後，便將日本旗艦房車的標準推向了世界頂尖，氣派的造型，吸引了許多層峰人士的青睞，迄今仍偶爾會在台北的街往，見到一、二代車型的身影！

我曾經試駕過三代以降的車型，對於每一代車型在豪華、性能、科技及安全上的演進十分有感。

這次試駕的車款已是第五代車型，參加第四代車款的海外試車那時，已經是11年前的事了，當時，除了精緻的動力配置讓我感到滿意外，首度配置八速手自排，也讓這輛豪華房車變得更具駕馭樂趣。

時隔多年，上一代LS歷經數次小改，也推出Hybrid旗艦版LS 600h，然而面對歐系旗艦房車不斷推陳出新，原廠於是傾全力，矢志打造次世代旗艦，好提升LS車系的競爭力！

New LS車系共分為LS 350、LS 500及LS 500h，我們這次試駕的版本為Hybrid的500h，這款車可說是集結多項Lexus新科技，除了有類Coupe的帥氣造型，內裝配置也以跑車化改造，在舒適與豪華之外，還保留些許動感！

原廠除了鎖定後座買家外，也希望獲得自駕型買家青睞，於是以Omotenashi賓至如歸的設計概念規劃，並以Seat in Control的模式將所有按鍵集中在駕駛座，出風口造型並採用琴弦式的設計，車內並配置新式HMI及12.3吋的數位儀錶，上方還有HUD抬頭顯示裝置，除了科技感外，讓內裝充滿舒適與豪華的設計氛圍！前座椅擁有28向電調+按摩功能，後座椅除了有Ottoman的功能外，還有22向調整功能，搭配前座椅背前傾功能，可以讓人享受彷若商務艙般的休憩功能。

在安全陳設上，LS擁有LSS+的主動防護科技，涵蓋了PCS、DRCC及LDA等配備，但礙於台灣的交通環境，並未將全套半自動駕駛系統導入。

【寂靜 新動力】

LS 500h的動力配置與LC 500h完全相同，搭載一具3.5升V6 NA引擎，最大動力為299hp/35.7kgm，搭配電動馬達後，綜效馬力可達359hp，為了讓Hybrid動能發揮更好的傳輸效率，其變速箱配置採用具六速模擬功能的ECVT結合一具四速自排，總共有十速變速的功能，可以藉由綿密的齒比配置，讓引擎加速表現更線性、更敏捷，因此原廠宣稱0~100km/h加速可於5.4秒達成，性能表現已足具水準。

這次試車總代理特別安排在日本靜岡縣的富士賽道舉行，這個興建於’60年代的日本第一條F1賽道，總長4.56km，光大直線就有1.475km，我之前曾駕著McLaren 650S以280km/h的高速呼嘯而過…然而，650S是超跑，而LS 500h是豪華房車，在這條高速賽道的實際表現如何？說真的，我也很好奇！

由於每個人只有三圈的試煉時間，為了避免危險，原廠除了安排RC F作為前導車外，副手座還有位教練協助。一出PIT Lane，RC F慢慢加速，通過幾個彎之後，我也開始拉近與RC F的距離，前導車的駕駛大概知道我的意圖，開始全油門衝刺…

競速，對我來說是很刺激的事情，除了可以激發腎上腺素，也可激發試駕車款的潛能，雖然試車時我必須邊講解感受，邊控制車速及過彎路線，但光是第一圈我就發現，LS 500h的操控真的很棒，GA-L底盤沿自LC車系，儘管軸距拉長了255mm，但剛性依然出色，且這輛Hybrid房車，同樣保有52%：48%的車體配重，全油門加速時，重心略微移轉，感覺更均衡，入彎前重踩煞車、連續降檔、入彎，除了覺得轉向精準外，路感傳遞亦相當精細。

當然，畢竟這是一輛重達兩公噸的大型房車，雖已搭配20吋胎圈，讓抓地表現大幅提升，但要跟GT跑車RC F PK，說真的，連我都不相信…而且縱使Hybrid的動力輸出飽滿，但出彎再加速還是不若配置V8 NA引擎的RC F快，通過小夾角彎道時，儘管我用Trail Break的技巧，帶煞車入彎，仍還是感受得到高荷重的影響，提早出彎補油時，前輪除了哀鳴以外，也讓再加速顯得有點拖住。

但整體來說，這輛房車的操控潛質還是很高，有精良的路感回饋，犀利的轉向反應，大直線全油門加速，還是可以輕易飆破200km/h，接著繼續進行下一圈試煉。

【TCar短評】

說真的，開著LS 500h在富士賽道奔馳是很好玩的事，享受這輛大型房車的極限！對於後座買家而，Hybrid設定的500h才能享受商務艙等級的後座尊榮，且LS 350也無法藉由選配與其媲美，否則我大概會想推薦入門的車款，此外，LS 500h的乘坐舒適性真的很棒，甚至還擁有Mark Levinson的頂級音響配置。

不過，雖然這輛油電房車在賽道的表現不錯，但對於自駕買家而言，我想，動力表現更強的LS 500，應該更能凸顯這副底盤的優異。

【Lexus LS 500h 旗艦版】

引擎型式: 3456c.c. V6 DOHC 24V
引擎最大馬力: 299PS/6600rpm
引擎最大扭力: 35.7kgm/5100rpm
電動馬達最大馬力: 179PS
電動馬達最大扭力: 30.6kgm
車輛最大綜效馬力: 359PS
長寬高: 5235x1900x1450mm
軸距: 3125mm
車重: 2295kg
驅動模式: FR
煞車結構: 四輪碟煞
懸吊結構: 前後多連桿
輪胎規格: 前後245/45 RF20
國內售價: 497萬元起

【主要配備】

LED頭燈、日行燈、後霧燈、尾燈
電動天窗
電動調整收納車外後視鏡 (附 R 檔自動向下調整、電熱除霧、自動防眩功能)
動力輔助車門關閉系統
電動開闔附自動吸附式行李箱蓋(附感應式開啟功能)
電子控制氣壓動力懸吊
AVS可變阻尼避震系統 (Adaptive Variable Suspension)
引擎室車身抑震拉桿
真皮包覆原木方向盤(附電動四向調整、換檔撥片)
EPS 電子動力方向盤 ( Electric Power Steering )
12.3 吋雙顯示螢幕
LEXUS 原廠中文衛星導航系統 (附 3D 顯示功能)
資訊整合操控介面
HUD 多功能抬頭顯示幕
智能多重駕馭模式(EV / ECO / Comfort / Normal / SPORT S / SPORT S+ / Custom)
室內環景 LED 燈光組
前座觸控式閱讀燈
Alcantara® 車室頂篷
鍍鉻門檻
極簡復古石英鐘
電動調整後座車窗、後擋遮陽簾
Semi-aniline 頂級真皮24向調整雙前座椅(附通風、電熱功能、電動四向腰背調整)
尊爵 OTTOMAN電動22向調整右後座椅、電動調整18向左後座椅(附舒壓按摩、通風、電熱功能)
四區獨立S-FLOW 智慧型恆溫空調系統(附智慧型空調管家、花粉過濾、nanoe™ 空氣清淨系統、紅外線熱感應溫控系統)
23揚聲器Mark Levinson® Reference Surround音響系統(ASL 自動音頻補償功能 ( Automatic Sound Levelizer ))
後座專屬娛樂 、DVD 播放系統(附 11.6 吋前座後方雙椅背式螢幕)
Lexus Safety System+ 主動式安全防護系統
PCS 預警式防護系統 ( Pre-Crash Safety System )
DRCC 雷達感應式車距維持定速系統 ( Dynamic Radar Cruise Control System )
AHS 智慧型遠光燈自動遮蔽系統 ( Adaptive High-beam system )
LDA 車道偏離警示系統 ( Lane Departure Alert )
DSC 檔位誤入動力限制系統 ( Drive -start Control )
VDIM 車輛動態整合管理系統 ( Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management )
ECB 電子式煞車控制系統 ( Electronically Controlled Brake )
VSC 車輛穩定控制系統 ( Vehicle Stability Control )
TRC 循跡防滑控制系統 ( Traction Control )
BAS 煞車力道輔助系統 ( Brake Assist System )
EBD 電子煞車力道分配系統 ( Electronic Brake Force Distribution )
EPB 電子駐車煞車系統 ( Electric Parking Brake )
BSM 盲點偵測警示系統 ( Blind Spot Monitor )
RCTA 後方車側交通警示系統 ( Rear Cross Traffic Alert )
倒車影像輔助系統
360 度環景影像輔助系統 ( Panoramic View Monitor )
WIL 頸椎傷害緩和座椅 ( Whiplash Injury Lessening )
HIP 頭部衝擊緩和結構 ( Head Impact Protection )
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Manipulating vital signs in septic shock: which one(s) and how?

The interplay between elevated body temperature and the outcome of critically ill patients is complex. While it is widely accepted—albeit with variable strength of the evidence—that control of fever in patients with neurological compromise is advantageous, in most other cohorts it is not clear. On one hand, control of fever reduces metabolic demand and its treatment may be beneficial. On the other hand, fever is an adaptive response to infection and its treatment may be deleterious.
In their previous study, Schortgen and colleagues randomized patients with septic shock to a regimen of either permissive fever or external cooling to a normothermia goal. They observed a significant positive effect not only on their primary outcome of reduced vasopressor use but also on overall mortality associated with temperature control (14-day mortality 19 % with cooling vs. 34 % in controls, p = 0.013). In the present study, they conducted a further secondary analysis in order to investigate the confounding effects of heart rate on mortality. This question was raised in part related to an open label clinical trial that showed a significant reduction in mortality among septic shock patients randomized to heart rate control (<95/min) by means of an esmolol infusion as compared to controls. In their present analysis, they observed that the effect of temperature control on mortality was not mediated by control of heart rate.
Based on these data, one may come to the conclusion that fever should be controlled in patients with septic shock. However, there are some key issues which must be taken into consideration.
While the results of the original study by Schortgen are compelling, treatment of fever in septic patients has been by no means conclusively demonstrated to be beneficial. Observational studies including hundreds of thousands of patients have documented highly variable results [5, 6]. In addition, the overall body of clinical trials to date investigating anti-pyretic therapy in critically ill neurologically intact patients has not shown any overall benefit. Finally, we have observed numerous examples of small studies demonstrating dramatic mortality reductions associated with a number of different interventions in septic shock that could not be replicated in subsequent larger definitive studies.
Another important consideration in evaluating the studies reported by Schortgen et al. is that the confounding effects of beta-blocker use on outcome, whether successful or not in heart rate control, is not clear. Similarly, the study by Morelli et al. did not report on specifics regarding temperature control. While the current study by Schortgen et al. supports that the effect of temperature control on outcome is independent of heart rate, we are left wondering what would have been the effect of temperature had beta-blockade been applied systematically? To adequately address this question, the development of a factorial randomized control trial is required.
Further, in a more general sense, it is key to distinguish whether vital signs such as temperature and heart rates are elevated or decreased as a beneficial compensatory mechanism, implying that they should be left alone, or that vitals represent exhausted or counterproductive values which require manipulation by critical care specialists (Fig. 1). This is highly complex given that the transition of a vital sign from compensating (physiological) to decompensating (or pathological) may depend on many simultaneously acting circumstances, such as the underlying disease, the cross-talk with other affected organs, and physiological reserve of the patient. Furthermore, these may vary both inter- and intra-individually over time. Examples of such transitions into decompensated vitals on which more consensus exists include malignant hyperthermia (i.e., cool the patient), stress cardiomyopathy (i.e., start inotropic drugs) but also hypotension in compensated heart failure in an outpatient situation versus hypotension in cardiac shock. With regard to the example of heart failure, it is obvious that the patient with a blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg with compensated heart failure requires no intervention, whereas progression to decompensated heart failure and subsequent shock in another patient with the same blood pressure requires immediate treatment. So, theoretically, trials that include both the physiologically compensated and decompensated subjects for interventions that modify specific vital signs (e.g., blood pressure) may wrongfully practise “one size fits all”, when in fact selection for such interventions based on specific patient characteristics—even with a remarkably similar underlying condition—is essential.

http://bit.ly/1ZDVTIF

ชมภายนอกและภายในของ All-New 2019 BMW 3-Series sedan โฉมใหม่ล่าสุด ก่อนทำตลาดในไทย

The all-new BMW 3 Series Sedan - Product highlights (10/2018).

Seventh generation of the globally successful ambassador for driving pleasure in a premium midsize car. New BMW 3 Series Sedan benefits from significantly enhanced sporting prowess, a new design language, extensive refinements to its premium ambience and trailblazing driver assistance, control & operation and connectivity technology. World premiere in October 2018 at the Mondial de l’Automobile in Paris, market launch from 9 March 2019.
New powertrain technology with higher output, greater pulling power and optimised efficiency. Six engine variants available from launch: Four-cylinder petrol models, four-cylinder diesels, plus six-cylinder diesel unit – with outputs ranging from 110 kW/150 hp to 195 kW/265 hp (fuel consumption combined: 5.8 – 4.2 l/100 km [48.7 – 67.3 mpg imp]; CO2 emissions combined: 132 – 112 g/km)*. Intelligent all-wheel drive available from launch in the BMW 320d xDrive Sedan (fuel consumption combined: 4.8 – 4.5 l/100 km [58.9 – 62.8 mpg imp]; CO2 emissions combined: 125 – 118 g/km)*. Over the course of the year, an ultra-sporty BMW M Performance version and an extremely efficient model with plug-in hybrid drive system will be added to the range.
Noticeably sharper driving dynamics courtesy of extensively upgraded chassis technology, new damper technology, stiffer body structure and suspension mountings, wider tracks, minimised weight, a low vehicle centre of gravity and even 50 : 50 weight distribution.
Range of chassis options expanded to give extra sporting ability: M Sport suspension with lowered ride height, Adaptive M suspension, variable sport steering, M Sport brakes, electronically controlled M Sport differential for fully-variable locking effect in the rear differential, up to 19-inch light-alloy wheels.
New interpretation of the familiar BMW sports sedan look uses the brand’s new design language. Clear lines and taut surfaces showcase the car’s modern aesthetic, sportiness and emotion-packed presence. Advantage, Sport Line, Luxury Line and M Sport models enable precise individualisation.
Optimised aerodynamics. Drag coefficient (Cd) reduced from 0.26 to 0.23 (BMW 320d). Progress underpinned by features including active air flap control, Air Curtains and an almost completely sealed underbody.
Standard specification gains full-LED headlights and stylishly darkened LED rear lights. LED headlights with extended features, Adaptive LED headlights with BMW Laserlight for non-dazzling high beam (with a range of around 530 metres) and LED front foglamps available as options.

เปิดตัว All-New 2019 BMW 3-Series Sedan รหัสตัวถัง G20 โฉมใหม่ล่าสุด ใหญ่ขึ้นในทุกมิติ

The all-new BMW 3 Series Sedan - Product highlights (10/2018).

Seventh generation of the globally successful ambassador for driving pleasure in a premium midsize car. New BMW 3 Series Sedan benefits from significantly enhanced sporting prowess, a new design language, extensive refinements to its premium ambience and trailblazing driver assistance, control & operation and connectivity technology. World premiere in October 2018 at the Mondial de l’Automobile in Paris, market launch from 9 March 2019.
New powertrain technology with higher output, greater pulling power and optimised efficiency. Six engine variants available from launch: Four-cylinder petrol models, four-cylinder diesels, plus six-cylinder diesel unit – with outputs ranging from 110 kW/150 hp to 195 kW/265 hp (fuel consumption combined: 5.8 – 4.2 l/100 km [48.7 – 67.3 mpg imp]; CO2 emissions combined: 132 – 112 g/km)*. Intelligent all-wheel drive available from launch in the BMW 320d xDrive Sedan (fuel consumption combined: 4.8 – 4.5 l/100 km [58.9 – 62.8 mpg imp]; CO2 emissions combined: 125 – 118 g/km)*. Over the course of the year, an ultra-sporty BMW M Performance version and an extremely efficient model with plug-in hybrid drive system will be added to the range.
Noticeably sharper driving dynamics courtesy of extensively upgraded chassis technology, new damper technology, stiffer body structure and suspension mountings, wider tracks, minimised weight, a low vehicle centre of gravity and even 50 : 50 weight distribution.
Range of chassis options expanded to give extra sporting ability: M Sport suspension with lowered ride height, Adaptive M suspension, variable sport steering, M Sport brakes, electronically controlled M Sport differential for fully-variable locking effect in the rear differential, up to 19-inch light-alloy wheels.
New interpretation of the familiar BMW sports sedan look uses the brand’s new design language. Clear lines and taut surfaces showcase the car’s modern aesthetic, sportiness and emotion-packed presence. Advantage, Sport Line, Luxury Line and M Sport models enable precise individualisation.
Optimised aerodynamics. Drag coefficient (Cd) reduced from 0.26 to 0.23 (BMW 320d). Progress underpinned by features including active air flap control, Air Curtains and an almost completely sealed underbody.
Standard specification gains full-LED headlights and stylishly darkened LED rear lights. LED headlights with extended features, Adaptive LED headlights with BMW Laserlight for non-dazzling high beam (with a range of around 530 metres) and LED front foglamps available as options.

? คลิปรถใหม่ 2019-2020 มาแล้วครับ คลิกที่นี่ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSebcviE-UeYMxVRNozwqtw/videos

Body and Chassis Design

The 2018 Accord's new body structure is lighter and more rigid, utilizing 29 percent ultra-high-strength steel, the most ever for a mass-produced Honda car. Overall, the new Accord employs 54.2 percent high strength steel (above 440 MPa).

Key body features include the latest generation of Honda's Advanced Compatibility Engineering™ (ACE™) body structure with crash stroke front frame, tailor-tempered rear frame members for improved crash-energy absorption, and the extensive use of structural adhesives for increased rigidity, cabin quietness and weight reduction. Total vehicle weight is down between approximately 110 to 176 pounds, depending on trim, while body torsional and bending rigidity are improved 32 and 24 percent, respectively, aiding ride quality, cabin quietness, and dynamic performance.

Mated to the new body is a more sophisticated new chassis design. The 2018 Accord's chassis is 6-percent lighter than before (not including wheels and tires) and features a new Macpherson strut front suspension with L-shaped aluminum lower arms mounted to an aluminum front subframe. The new setup better isolates and manages varying road inputs, improving handling precision, ride quality and cabin quietness along with outstanding high-speed stability and control. The new, more space-efficient rear suspension is a multi-link design mounted to a more rigid, floating rear subframe. Fluid-filled compliance bushings at all four corners further improve ride comfort and absorption of road irregularities.

Touring trims of Accord also feature, for the first time, an Adaptive Damper System with the ability to adjust shock absorber damping force every 1/500 of a second (0.002 second), using a proprietary Honda control algorithm, providing for a more compliant and controlled ride in all driving situations. The adaptive dampers are tied to a Two-Mode Driving System with Normal and Sport modes that allows the driver to dial-up/down the vehicle's sporty reflexes depending on the driving environment. The system engages with multiple chassis and drivetrain components, including the new dual-pinion variable-ratio electric power steering (EPS), automatic transmission, drive-by-wire throttle, adaptive dampers and Active Sound Control system, to provide the driver with an expanded range of driving characteristics. An ECON mode is also available that helps improve fuel efficiency by modifying throttle mapping and HVAC operation.

The new Accord has a 10-mm lower center of gravity. The adoption of lighter-weight turbocharged engines and other body design changes reduce the vehicle's moment of inertia, resulting in crisper turn-in and steering response. All models now have near optimal FWD weight distribution of approximately 60/40 percent front/rear. Accords with the new 2.0-liter VTEC turbo and 10AT check in at approximately 61/39 percent front/rear, a significant improvement versus the current V6 Accord with 6AT.

Along with the first application of structural adhesives to Accord, cabin quietness is further enhanced by a comprehensive sound-insulating package that includes full underbody covers (which also aid aerodynamics), front and rear fender and engine compartment insulators, alloy wheels with Honda-proprietary resonator technology, sound-absorbing carpet, acoustic laminated windshield glass – plus front door acoustic glass on EX and above – and a new, 3-microphone Active Noise Control system. The result is low noise levels with a well-balanced sound quality and a pleasingly sporty engine note.

Advanced Safety and Driver-Assistive Technology
For 2018, all Accords feature the full suite of Honda Sensing® safety and driver-assistive technologies as standard equipment. Honda Sensing includes Collision Mitigation Braking System™ (CMBS™), Lane Departure Warning, Road Departure Mitigation, Adaptive Cruise Control with Low-Speed Follow and, for the first time, Traffic Sign Recognition (see Safety section for more details). Additional available driver-assistive technologies include Blind Spot Information, front and rear parking sensors, Rear Cross Traffic Monitor and Driver Awareness Monitor; and all models feature a Multi-Angle Rearview Camera with dynamic guidelines.

Standard advanced active and passive safety systems include Vehicle Stability Assist with Traction Control, Anti-lock brakes with Electronic Brake Booster, Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS), advanced front airbags, driver and front-passenger side airbags and new driver and front-passenger knee airbags. The Accord targets top U.S. government (NCAP) and IIHS collision safety ratings.