【警方搜完身可以唔認數?🤷♂️】
十月一日,警察嚴陣以待喺全港各處戒嚴,大肆截查路人搜身,聲稱咁做係因為公眾聚集帶來「安全風險」,需要截停搜查「可疑人士」,「以防罪案發生」。既然警察聲稱截查路人係為打擊「違法活動」,咁就好應該認真研究一下截查搜身(stop and search)嘅效用,因為為左搜身而搜身既行徑,不只是一種濫權,更是一種變態。
外國已有廣泛研究,以搜身打擊「違法活動」嘅效用成疑,即使大幅增加街頭搜身次數,亦對遏止罪案近乎沒有效用【註一】,喺美國,針對有色人種嘅搜身更引起種族歧視爭議【註二】,針對有色人種的警暴更引起社會動盪。咁近一年香港警察針對參與公眾集會人士近乎瘋狂的搜身,又破咗啲乜大案?
翻查過去數年立法會議員就警察搜身情況嘅質詢,係2019年6月至2020年2月之間,警務人員截查搜身總次數為213,662次【註三】,即係平均每日至少有近千名市民被搜身。但關於截停及搜查嘅成效,例如搜身後有無被捕,或者透過搜身破滅罪案嘅數字,就全部唔答,而唔答嘅理由令人匪夷所思【註三】:
🎋何秀蘭議員問:過去五年問警察巡邏截查人士嘅性別同種族 (2015年)
答:無備存資料
事實:根據《警察通例》第53章《警察記事冊》警務人員須記錄搜查可疑人物的詳情及理據,以及記錄「其後識別有關人士的資料」,難以令人相信警方沒備存被截查人士嘅性別同種族等等基本資料。
🐻 張超雄議員問:過去五年警察係巡邏時因截查而破獲罪行嘅數字 (2019年)
答:無備存資料
事實:警曾於社交網站指,於3月8日的將軍澳公眾活動中截停搜查約800人,並以非法集結等罪名拘捕63人【註四】。向公眾展示警力時就肯公佈資料,係立法會議員要求交代是否涉及濫捕時就話冇資料?
🕊 胡志偉議員問:自反修例運動以來,警察於搜身後將市民帶往警署進一步調查、同市民最終被起訴數字(2020年)
答:無備存資料
事實:《警察記事冊》要求警員紀錄「人員拘捕和羈留的人士的資料」,包括拘捕的理由(包括日期、時間及地點),話無備存資料,一樣匪夷所思。
所以結論只有兩個,一係警察唔跟通例行事,一係明知有資料而故意唔公開。警方成日聲稱自己符合「國際標準」,咁就不如就睇下其他國家會唔會好似香港警察咁,唔公開呢類數據?
美國就有非政府組織援引《資訊自由法》, 向紐約警方取得搜身嘅相關資料,例如被搜身人士的種族、搜身有否成功搜獲武器等【註二】。拜當地「資訊自由法」所賜,紐約警察要依法提供相關資料,所以該組織能夠使用資料進行分析研究,發現隨意搜身非但唔能夠降低罪案率,更令警察針對有色人種,引發族裔矛盾,研究結果引起公眾激烈討論,新一任紐約市長亦改變以往政策,令警察搜身次數在數年間大幅下降98%,整體罪案率亦掉頭下降【註五】。
美國紐約嘅例子,更顯示針對某族群搜身濫捕會導致更多社會問題,經常派高級警官往外國交流嘅香港警察,俾咁多錢出trip又究竟交流左啲咩?
#搜身成癮
#沒有資訊自由
#就靠民間自行紀錄
#開放資訊研究
【註一】
Wired. 14 September 2018, “Does Stop and Search Deter Crime? Evidence From Ten Years of London-wide Data” https://bit.ly/2Sluqy9
Nathaniel Barlow. 5 May 2017. Does Stop and Frisk deter crime? Evidence from the Aftermath of Floyd v. City of New York.
https://bit.ly/2SbSDXO
【註二】
New York Civil Liberties Union (NYCLU). 14 March 2019. Stop-and-Frisk in the de Blasio Era.
https://bit.ly/33iFvqn
【註三】
財務委員會 審核二零一五至一六年度開支預算 管制人員的答覆 保安局 SB091
財務委員會 審核二零一九至二零二零年度開支預算 管制人員的答覆 保安局 SB246
財務委員會 審核二零二零至二零二一年度開支預算 管制人員的答覆 保安局 SB116
【註四】
香港警察 Hong Kong Police Facebook 專頁 【 3月8日將軍澳公眾活動 】https://bit.ly/347AEHq
【註五】EJI. 19 January 2018. Crime Falls As New York Abandons Stop-and-Frisk.
https://bit.ly/3l0NkH4
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【劍橋辯論會(Cambridge Union)演說:China is the New Imperial Power in Hong Kong】
雖不獲法庭批准離港,我仍在上週透過視像會議方式,參與英國劍橋辯論會(Cambridge Union)的辯論「This House Believes China is the New Imperial Power in Hong Kong」。
發言期間,除解說香港淪落為警察城市(Police State)的源由,直斥在習近平主政下,人民權利不斷受到侵害;我亦以武漢肺炎為例,提到政權面對疫情爆發,多番以中國國家利益與民族認同,凌駕港人切身安危。
其實官員拒絕完全封關和強制隔離入境陸客,同時兩地社會融合與經濟活動在過去十年越加頻繁,反倒成為香港憂慮疫情難以受控的主因,更說明港中區隔的當務之急,而管治失能只會促使民間自救呼聲越加頻繁,不再寄望和依賴政府。
https://youtu.be/xx0uGpJV38U
#眾志國際連結 #SelfGovernance
Cambridge Union Debate: This House Believes China is the New Imperial Power in Hong Kong
When we speak of Imperial Power, it doesn’t necessarily mean a colonial power. But we are referring to an act of expanding influence and authority over a territory through political, legal, economic or even military means. And indeed, the Chinese communist government has exerted that influence over Hong Kong since the Handover in 1997 and escalated that influence more rapidly and more aggressively after 2003.
The principle of ‘One Country, Two Systems’ is a fragile ruling philosophy defining China-Hong Kong relations, guaranteeing the global financial city its autonomy. But in the past 22 years, Beijing intervened on many fronts already, abusing this ruling philosophy and implementing authoritarian measures upon Hong Kong citizens.
-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
My activism experience serves as a clear case for the motion. Hong Kong’s civil society has long been the constant target of state attack, and the motive is crystal clear: to eradicate opposition in order to maintain China’s dominating influence over Hong Kong. The Oppression of personal freedoms is merely one case in point.
Last year in June, shortly after serving my prison sentence, I went protesting against the controversial extradition bill, exercising my freedom to assembly. The government arrested me again and charged me of inciting people taking part in an unlawful assembly. Then I went contesting in local election, yet the government banned me from running for office because of my political stance.
I then turned to international advocacy, planning to fly to the United Kingdom and other European countries to explain our democratic and peaceful cause. Regrettably, the court thought this parliamentary hearing is not important and rejected my travel application. Every time I spoke in parliamentary hearings, no matter in person or via skype, the Chinese foreign ministry would condemn that parliament for colliding with a so-called separatist who has never advocated independence.
Following these encounters, it's become clear now I'm deprived of the right to the election, freedom of movement, freedom of assembly (not allowed to appear on designated area), and freedom of speech. The civil liberties guaranteed in the constitution are however no longer applicable to me. These oppressive measures are not out of political context.
-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
#重點在此 I’d also argue that time and again, China’s national pride and interests override Hong Kong’s own interests. The development in the past decade has shown that many of the competitive edges of Hong Kong as a global financial city like rule of law, free flow of information, checks and balances are compromised and give way to Xi Jinping’s Chinese Dream. The Wuhan Coronavirus outbreak precisely explain this argument. Hong Kong, given its proximity to mainland China, is highly prone to infection and spread of disease.
Instead of taking strict measures to prevent public health crisis from erupting, the Hong Kong government, as of today, still refused to close the border, allowing countless potential cases flee to Hong Kong and further dampen the burden of Hong Kong’s medical services. From the moment that Xi Jinping’s image become the top priority, the autonomous decision-making mechanism of the Hong Kong government has collapsed.
The opposing side may argue that China is not imperial power in HK because integration and cooperation in the past have fostered but not encroached economic development in Hong Kong and our city does benefit from it. I’m afraid I cannot agree with this viewpoint at all.
Growing socio-economic integration with China, more connected transport infrastructure like the High-Speed Railway, are accounted for the city’s outbreak of Coronavirus. The first five patients confirmed positive to the virus were passengers of the Railway. Behind the grand narratives of ‘economic integration’ is more blatant aggression of the Hong Kong system. Hong Kong always has to give in and make up for its sovereign country’s faulty policy.
-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
In conclusion, I have two questions for everyone. Can citizens in New York directly elected their mayor? Yes. Can citizens in London directly their mayor? Yes. We are not asking go too far, but just hope to ask for election rather that selection under Chinese rule to hand-pick those Beijing Loyalists.People in Hong Kong is not experiencing rule of law but only suffering from rule by tear gas. The root cause of crisi is police brutality, which included live round fired towards high school students, young lady being gang rape in police stations and 8000 people arrested from the age of 11 to 84.
When offenses are committed and the offenders are prosecuted as is now happening, there’s no damage to the rule of law at all. It’s only when police officers who beat people up and none of them has even been arrested, that the rule of law is damaged. There’s no rule of law when the brutality of police officers goes unpunished!
Therefore, the House should recognize the fact that China is not only the new imperial power in HK, but it is also an authoritarian and oppressive imperial power since Emperor Xi took over the power. The continuing intervention of the Chinese authorities in Hong Kong’s local affairs presents a fundamental challenge to the continuation of HK peoples identity and way of life.
We are proud to be HongKongers and we hope to determine our own future. That’s the reason for cross-generation of HKers to fight for freedom and wish you can stand with Hong Kong. Thank you.
city of london police 在 黃之鋒 Joshua Wong Facebook 的精選貼文
【劍橋辯論會(Cambridge Union)演說:China is the New Imperial Power in Hong Kong】
雖不獲法庭批准離港,我仍在上週透過視像會議方式,參與英國劍橋辯論會(Cambridge Union)的辯論「This House Believes China is the New Imperial Power in Hong Kong」。
發言期間,除解說香港淪落為警察城市(Police State)的源由,直斥在習近平主政下,人民權利不斷受到侵害;我亦以武漢肺炎為例,提到政權面對疫情爆發,多番以中國國家利益與民族認同,凌駕港人切身安危。
其實官員拒絕完全封關和強制隔離入境陸客,同時兩地社會融合與經濟活動在過去十年越加頻繁,反倒成為香港憂慮疫情難以受控的主因,更說明港中區隔的當務之急,而管治失能只會促使民間自救呼聲越加頻繁,不再寄望和依賴政府。
https://youtu.be/xx0uGpJV38U
#眾志國際連結 #SelfGovernance
Cambridge Union Debate: This House Believes China is the New Imperial Power in Hong Kong
When we speak of Imperial Power, it doesn’t necessarily mean a colonial power. But we are referring to an act of expanding influence and authority over a territory through political, legal, economic or even military means. And indeed, the Chinese communist government has exerted that influence over Hong Kong since the Handover in 1997 and escalated that influence more rapidly and more aggressively after 2003.
The principle of ‘One Country, Two Systems’ is a fragile ruling philosophy defining China-Hong Kong relations, guaranteeing the global financial city its autonomy. But in the past 22 years, Beijing intervened on many fronts already, abusing this ruling philosophy and implementing authoritarian measures upon Hong Kong citizens.
---------------------------------
My activism experience serves as a clear case for the motion. Hong Kong’s civil society has long been the constant target of state attack, and the motive is crystal clear: to eradicate opposition in order to maintain China’s dominating influence over Hong Kong. The Oppression of personal freedoms is merely one case in point.
Last year in June, shortly after serving my prison sentence, I went protesting against the controversial extradition bill, exercising my freedom to assembly. The government arrested me again and charged me of inciting people taking part in an unlawful assembly. Then I went contesting in local election, yet the government banned me from running for office because of my political stance.
I then turned to international advocacy, planning to fly to the United Kingdom and other European countries to explain our democratic and peaceful cause. Regrettably, the court thought this parliamentary hearing is not important and rejected my travel application. Every time I spoke in parliamentary hearings, no matter in person or via skype, the Chinese foreign ministry would condemn that parliament for colliding with a so-called separatist who has never advocated independence.
Following these encounters, it's become clear now I'm deprived of the right to the election, freedom of movement, freedom of assembly (not allowed to appear on designated area), and freedom of speech. The civil liberties guaranteed in the constitution are however no longer applicable to me. These oppressive measures are not out of political context.
---------------------------------
#重點在此 I’d also argue that time and again, China’s national pride and interests override Hong Kong’s own interests. The development in the past decade has shown that many of the competitive edges of Hong Kong as a global financial city like rule of law, free flow of information, checks and balances are compromised and give way to Xi Jinping’s Chinese Dream. The Wuhan Coronavirus outbreak precisely explain this argument. Hong Kong, given its proximity to mainland China, is highly prone to infection and spread of disease.
Instead of taking strict measures to prevent public health crisis from erupting, the Hong Kong government, as of today, still refused to close the border, allowing countless potential cases flee to Hong Kong and further dampen the burden of Hong Kong’s medical services. From the moment that Xi Jinping’s image become the top priority, the autonomous decision-making mechanism of the Hong Kong government has collapsed.
The opposing side may argue that China is not imperial power in HK because integration and cooperation in the past have fostered but not encroached economic development in Hong Kong and our city does benefit from it. I’m afraid I cannot agree with this viewpoint at all.
Growing socio-economic integration with China, more connected transport infrastructure like the High-Speed Railway, are accounted for the city’s outbreak of Coronavirus. The first five patients confirmed positive to the virus were passengers of the Railway. Behind the grand narratives of ‘economic integration’ is more blatant aggression of the Hong Kong system. Hong Kong always has to give in and make up for its sovereign country’s faulty policy.
---------------------------------
In conclusion, I have two questions for everyone. Can citizens in New York directly elected their mayor? Yes. Can citizens in London directly their mayor? Yes. We are not asking go too far, but just hope to ask for election rather that selection under Chinese rule to hand-pick those Beijing Loyalists.People in Hong Kong is not experiencing rule of law but only suffering from rule by tear gas. The root cause of crisi is police brutality, which included live round fired towards high school students, young lady being gang rape in police stations and 8000 people arrested from the age of 11 to 84.
When offenses are committed and the offenders are prosecuted as is now happening, there’s no damage to the rule of law at all. It’s only when police officers who beat people up and none of them has even been arrested, that the rule of law is damaged. There’s no rule of law when the brutality of police officers goes unpunished!
Therefore, the House should recognize the fact that China is not only the new imperial power in HK, but it is also an authoritarian and oppressive imperial power since Emperor Xi took over the power. The continuing intervention of the Chinese authorities in Hong Kong’s local affairs presents a fundamental challenge to the continuation of HK peoples identity and way of life.
We are proud to be HongKongers and we hope to determine our own future. That’s the reason for cross-generation of HKers to fight for freedom and wish you can stand with Hong Kong. Thank you.
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